A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis.
Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran. There are currently between 5,000 and 10,000 varieties of Vitis vinifera grapes though only a few are of commercial significance for wine and table grape production.
Vitis rotundifolia, or muscadine, is a grapevine species native to the southeastern and south-central United States. The growth range extends from Florida to New Jersey coast, and west to eastern Texas and Oklahoma. It has been extensively cultivated since the 16th century. The plants are well-adapted to their native warm and humid climate; they need fewer chilling hours than better known varieties, and thrive in summer heat.
Vitis (grapevines) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce wine. The study and cultivation of grapevines is called viticulture.
Vitis mengziensis is a species of plant in the grape family. It is found in the province of Yunnan in China, where it is known by the name meng zi pu tao, meaning Mengzi or Mengtze grape. The specific epithet mengziensis and vernacular Chinese name refer to Mengzi, a county in the southeast of Yunnan. It grows in temperate rainforests, at elevations near 1600 meters.
Vitis hui is a species of plant in the grape family. It is native to Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces in China, where it is called lu shan pu tao, meaning Mount Lushan grape. It grows in temperate climes, at elevations between 100–200 meters in shrublands and along the edges of open meadows.
Vitis balansana is a species of climbing vine in the grape family native to temperate and tropical Asia. Its native range encompasses Vietnam and three southeastern provinces in China The habitat of V. balansana varies; it has adapted to living under forest cover, and in sun-soaked shrubland valleys, at between 200–800 meters.
Vitis ruyuanensis is a species of polygamo-dioecious plant in the grape family native to the Chinese province of Guangdong. Here it grows in shrublands or along hillsides at around 200 meters. Flowers, blooming between April and May, give way to the development of globular berries in June and July.
Vitis wuhanensis is a tropical or sub-tropical, polygamo-dioecious species of liana in the grape family native to the Chinese provinces of Henan, Hubei and Jiangxi, found in valleys and along hillsides, in forests or shrublands, at elevations from 300 up to 700 meters. It flowers in April and May, and bears globular berries as early as May, and as late as July.
Vitis betulifolia is a widely ranging species of liana in the grape family native to China where its habitat is forested or shrubby valleys and hillsides, at elevations from 600 to 3,600 metres.
Vitis sinocinerea is a species of climbing vine in the grape family ranging widely over much of the Chinese mainland as well as Taiwan. In Chinese it is known as xiao ye pu tao, which can be translated as small-leaved grape. Its natural habitat is within forested or shrubby hills.
Vitis menghaiensis is a species of climbing vine in the grape family native to China. It is found in mixed forests around 1500–1600 meters above sea-level. It flowers in May, and male flowers have non-functioning ovaries.
Vitis silvestrii is a species of polygamo-dioecious plant in the grape family native to the forested slopes of western Hubei and southern Shaanxi in China from 300 to 1200 meters above sea level. Its flowers appear in May, males having abortive pistils
Vitis fengqinensis is a species of wild Chinese grape native to Yunnan province, where it is known by the name feng qing pu tao, meaning Fengking grape. It is generally found on shrubby slopes at about 2000 meters above sea-level. Its fruits come out in June.
Vitis chungii is a polygamo-dioecious species of wild grape native to China where it is known by the name min gan pu tao, or Fujian Jianxi grape. It is a forest inhabitant, 200–1000 meters above sea-level, on hillsides, in valleys, or other areas having wild, shrubby growth. It bears globular, ruddy-purple berries, 8–10 mm in diameter.
Vitis bryoniifolia is a prolific and adaptable, polygamo-dioecious species of climbing vine in the grape family native to China, where it is known as ying yu, or hua bei pu tao. The variant form ternata is known as san chu ying yu, meaning three-foliolate, or -leaflet ying yu. Ying yu translates to mean "hard jade".
Vitis heyneana is a species of climbing vine in the grape family endemic to Asia. It can be found in shrubby or forested areas, from almost sea-level, to 3200 meters above. It has globose berries that are purple to almost black.
δ-Viniferin is a resveratrol dehydrodimer. It is an isomer of epsilon-viniferin. It can be isolated from stressed grapevine leaves. It is also found in plant cell cultures and wine. It can also be found in Rheum maximowiczii.
Chunganenol is a resveratrol hexamer found in Vitis chunganensis.
