XPA

Last updated
XPA
Protein XPA PDB 1d4u.png
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases XPA , XP1, XPAC, xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A, DNA damage recognition and repair factor
External IDs OMIM: 611153 MGI: 99135 HomoloGene: 37298 GeneCards: XPA
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000380

NM_011728

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000371
NP_001341904

NP_035858

Location (UCSC)n/a Chr 4: 46.16 – 46.2 Mb
PubMed search [2] [3]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

DNA repair protein complementing XP-A cells is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XPA gene. [4]

Contents

Function

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a major pathway for repairing a variety of bulky DNA damages including those introduced by UV irradiation. The XPA protein appears to play a key role in NER at sites of damage as a scaffold for other repair proteins in order to ensure that the damages are appropriately excised. [5] Among the repair proteins with which XPA interacts is a protein complex (including the ERCC1 protein) that is capable of incising DNA at sites of damage. [6]

Xpa mutant individuals often show the severe clinical symptoms of xeroderma pigmentosum, a condition involving extreme sensitivity to sunlight and a high incidence of skin cancer.

Interactions

XPA has been shown to interact with ERCC1, [6] [7] Replication protein A1 [8] and XAB2. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xeroderma pigmentosum</span> Medical condition

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disorder in which there is a decreased ability to repair DNA damage such as that caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. Symptoms may include a severe sunburn after only a few minutes in the sun, freckling in sun-exposed areas, dry skin and changes in skin pigmentation. Nervous system problems, such as hearing loss, poor coordination, loss of intellectual function and seizures, may also occur. Complications include a high risk of skin cancer, with about half having skin cancer by age 10 without preventative efforts, and cataracts. There may be a higher risk of other cancers such as brain cancers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nucleotide excision repair</span> DNA repair mechanism

Nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism. DNA damage occurs constantly because of chemicals, radiation and other mutagens. Three excision repair pathways exist to repair single stranded DNA damage: Nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), and DNA mismatch repair (MMR). While the BER pathway can recognize specific non-bulky lesions in DNA, it can correct only damaged bases that are removed by specific glycosylases. Similarly, the MMR pathway only targets mismatched Watson-Crick base pairs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">XPB</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

XPB is an ATP-dependent DNA helicase in humans that is a part of the TFIIH transcription factor complex.

A DNA repair-deficiency disorder is a medical condition due to reduced functionality of DNA repair.

Richard D. Wood is an American molecular biologist specializing in research on DNA repair and mutation. He is known for pioneering studies on nucleotide excision repair (NER), particularly for reconstituting the minimum set of proteins involved in this process, identifying proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as part of the NER complex and identifying mammalian repair polymerases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ERCC2</span> Mammalian protein found in humans

ERCC2, or XPD is a protein involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair.

Transcription factor II H (TFIIH) is an important protein complex, having roles in transcription of various protein-coding genes and DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways. TFIIH first came to light in 1989 when general transcription factor-δ or basic transcription factor 2 was characterized as an indispensable transcription factor in vitro. This factor was also isolated from yeast and finally named TFIIH in 1992.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ERCC1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

DNA excision repair protein ERCC-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERCC1 gene. Together with ERCC4, ERCC1 forms the ERCC1-XPF enzyme complex that participates in DNA repair and DNA recombination.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RAD23A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD23A gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DDB2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

DNA damage-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DDB2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RAD23B</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD23B gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">XPC (gene)</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C, also known as XPC, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the XPC gene. XPC is involved in the recognition of bulky DNA adducts in nucleotide excision repair. It is located on chromosome 3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ERCC6</span> Gene of the species Homo sapiens

DNA excision repair protein ERCC-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERCC6 gene. The ERCC6 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 10 at position 11.23.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ERCC5</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

DNA repair protein complementing XP-G cells is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERCC5 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ERCC4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

ERCC4 is a protein designated as DNA repair endonuclease XPF that in humans is encoded by the ERCC4 gene. Together with ERCC1, ERCC4 forms the ERCC1-XPF enzyme complex that participates in DNA repair and DNA recombination.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ERCC8 (gene)</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

DNA excision repair protein ERCC-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERCC8 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DNA polymerase eta</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

DNA polymerase eta, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLH gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RPA4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Replication protein A 30 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPA4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trichothiodystrophy</span> Medical condition

Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterised by brittle hair and intellectual impairment. The word breaks down into tricho – "hair", thio – "sulphur", and dystrophy – "wasting away" or literally "bad nourishment". TTD is associated with a range of symptoms connected with organs of the ectoderm and neuroectoderm. TTD may be subclassified into four syndromes: Approximately half of all patients with trichothiodystrophy have photosensitivity, which divides the classification into syndromes with or without photosensitivity; BIDS and PBIDS, and IBIDS and PIBIDS. Modern covering usage is TTD-P (photosensitive), and TTD.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">XPG N terminus</span>

In molecular biology the protein domain XPG refers to, in this case, the N-terminus of XPG. The XPG protein can be corrected by a 133 kDa nuclear protein, XPGC. XPGC is an acidic protein that confers normal ultraviolet (UV) light resistance. It is a magnesium-dependent, single-strand DNA endonuclease that makes structure-specific endonucleolytic incisions in a DNA substrate containing a duplex region and single-stranded arms. XPGC cleaves one strand of the duplex at the border with the single-stranded region.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028329 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Entrez Gene: XPA xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A".
  5. Sugitani N, Sivley RM, Perry KE, Capra JA, Chazin WJ (2016). "XPA: A key scaffold for human nucleotide excision repair". DNA Repair (Amst.). 44: 123–35. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.05.018. PMC   4958585 . PMID   27247238.
  6. 1 2 Li L, Elledge SJ, Peterson CA, Bales ES, Legerski RJ (May 1994). "Specific association between the human DNA repair proteins XPA and ERCC1". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91 (11): 5012–6. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.5012L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.11.5012 . PMC   43920 . PMID   8197174.
  7. Nagai A, Saijo M, Kuraoka I, Matsuda T, Kodo N, Nakatsu Y, Mimaki T, Mino M, Biggerstaff M, Wood RD (Jun 1995). "Enhancement of damage-specific DNA binding of XPA by interaction with the ERCC1 DNA repair protein". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 211 (3): 960–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1905. hdl: 1765/60251 . PMID   7598728.
  8. Li L, Lu X, Peterson CA, Legerski RJ (Oct 1995). "An interaction between the DNA repair factor XPA and replication protein A appears essential for nucleotide excision repair". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 15 (10): 5396–402. doi:10.1128/mcb.15.10.5396. PMC   230789 . PMID   7565690.
  9. Nakatsu Y, Asahina H, Citterio E, Rademakers S, Vermeulen W, Kamiuchi S, Yeo JP, Khaw MC, Saijo M, Kodo N, Matsuda T, Hoeijmakers JH, Tanaka K (Nov 2000). "XAB2, a novel tetratricopeptide repeat protein involved in transcription-coupled DNA repair and transcription". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (45): 34931–7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M004936200 . hdl: 1765/3168 . PMID   10944529.

Further reading