Xanthaptychia aurantiaca

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Xanthaptychia aurantiaca
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Xanthaptychia
Species:
X. aurantiaca
Binomial name
Xanthaptychia aurantiaca
(R.Br.) S.Y.Kondr. & Ravera (2017)
Synonyms [2]
  • Borrera aurantiacaR.Br. (1823)
  • Teloschistes arcticus Zahlbr. (1931)
  • Seirophora aurantiaca(R.Br.) Frödén (2004)
  • Xanthoanaptychia arctica(Zahlbr.) S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt (2003)

Xanthaptychia aurantiaca, the Arctic orangebush lichen, is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. [3] This small orange lichen is endemic to the Canadian Arctic and is known from a few scattered collections across this region. It was classified as an endangered species by the IUCN in 2020.

Contents

Taxonomy

The lichen was first formally described in 1823 by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown, as Borrera aurantiaca. In his original diagnosis of the species, he noted its ascending, orange, slightly compressed, bare, and somewhat dichotomous thallus with a pale base, and very short and obtuse terminal branchlets . Brown suggested that the species was related to Borrera flavicans (now known as Teloschistes flavicans ), and that both are distinguished from others by their somewhat cylindrical, shrubby thallus. He further noted that in this species, the apothecia (fruiting bodies) are unknown, and therefore the appropriate genus placement is uncertain. [4] One of the collections made on Winter Harbour on Melville Island was later designated as a lectotype specimen. [5]

In 1931, Alexander Zahlbruckner thought that the Teloschistes was a more appropriate generic placement for the species, but since the combination Teloschistes aurantiacus has already been used, he proposed a new name for the species, Teloschistes arcticus. [6] Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt moved it to the genus Xanthoanaptychia in 2003, [7] but this genus has since been subsumed into Seirophora . [8] In 2004, Patrick Frödén transferred the taxon to the genus Seirophora . [5] In 2017, Kondratyuk and Sonia Ravera moved it to Xanthaptychia , giving it the binomial name by which it is now known. [9] It is commonly known as the "Arctic orangebush lichen". [1]

Distribution

Xanthaptychia aurantiaca is native to the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is found in specific areas such as Banks Island, Melville Island, Victoria Island, and the Cape Parry area on the mainland. Although it spans a considerable area in the Canadian Western Arctic, its presence is sporadic and infrequent across this range. There are only 12 known locations in the Canadian Arctic where this species has been observed, as evidenced by 18 herbarium specimens. [1]

This lichen typically grows on the ground in coastal areas or in the hummocky tundra nearby. It thrives in harsh, sedimentary environments, often in areas shaped by ice or wind, such as hummocks or soil cracks. These crevices and sheltered spots near vegetation provide microhabitats for its growth. [1]

Conservation

In 2020, Xanthaptychia aurantiaca was classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as an endangered species. It faces multiple threats due to climate change in the Canadian Arctic. These include habitat loss from rapidly eroding coasts, increased sea ice melt, saline wash from storm surges, and permafrost melting. Further, the changing climate may allow the advancement of southern vegetation communities and the introduction of invasive species, potentially exacerbating the impact on this lichen by altering its native habitat. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teloschistaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although members occur predominantly in subtropical and temperate regions. Most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, but about 40 species are lichenicolous – meaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous.

Jan Eric Ingvar Kärnefelt is a Swedish lichenologist.

<i>Gyalolechia</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Gyalolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It contains 18 species of crustose lichens.

<i>Flavoplaca</i> Genus of lichen

Flavoplaca is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution.

<i>Ikaeria</i> Genus of fungi

Ikaeria is a genus of two species of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. Both species grow on twig bark of shrubs and trees. It was circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Dalip Kumar Upreti, and Jae-Seoun Hur, with Ikaeria aurantiellina assigned as the type species. This lichen was previously placed in the genus Caloplaca, but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that it belonged in a lineage that was genetically distinct from that genus. Ikaeria serusiauxii was added to the genus in 2020.

<i>Squamulea</i> Genus of lichens

Squamulea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Ulrik Søchting, and Patrik Frödén, with Squamulea subsoluta assigned as the type species. Five species were included in the original account of the genus. The genus name alludes to the squamulose growth form of most of its species. Squamulea has a worldwide distribution; when the genus was originally created, the centre of distribution was thought to be in southwestern North America.

Sirenophila is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species with an Australasian distribution.

Neobrownliella is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has five species. The genus was circumscribed in 2015 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Jack Elix, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and Arne Thell, with Neobrownliella brownlieae assigned as the type species. It is a segregate of the large genus Caloplaca. Characteristics of Neobrownliella include a thallus that is continuous or areolate, the presence of anthraquinones as lichen products, a cortical layer with a palisade paraplectenchyma, and the lack of a thick palisade cortical layer on the underside of the thalline exciple. Two species were included in the original circumscription of the genus; an additional three species were added in 2020.

Elixjohnia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in Australasia.

<i>Rusavskia</i> Genus of lichens

Rusavskia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species. It is a member of the subfamily Xanthorioideae. The thallus of Rusavskia is characterized by its foliose (leaf-like) structure with distinct and typically narrow lobes that curve outwards.

Gondwania is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species. The genus was circumscribed by lichenologists Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup. The type species is G. cribrosa, a species that was first named Polycauliona cribrosa by Auguste-Marie Hue in 1909. The genus name refers to the ancestral supercontinent Gondwana.

<i>Opeltia</i> Genus of lichens

Opeltia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.

Marchantiana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains seven species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.

Orientophila is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species of mostly saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. All Orientophila species occur in Northeast Asia including China, Japan, South Korea, and the Russian Far East.

Xanthaptychia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus, circumscribed in 2017, has three corticolous (bark-dwelling) species.

Elixjohnia bermaguiana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen is characterised by its varying areoles, which are thin to moderately thick, flat to slightly convex, and range from bright yellow to whitish in colour, sometimes with a greenish-yellow hue. Its apothecia are small, with a distinct orange margin and a raised brownish-orange or yellowish-brown disc.

Elixjohnia gallowayi is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a vividly coloured thallus, ranging in hues from bright red to reddish-orange. It is found in Australia.

Gintarasiella is a single-species genus in the fungal family Teloschistaceae. It contains the species Gintarasiella aggregata, a saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen that is found in Australia. The lichen forms uneven, pillow-like patches up to 30 mm across, distinguished by its yellow-orange areoles that are tightly packed or spread out and soon covered by many apothecia. These fruiting bodies start as zeorine in form and later become biatorine, ranging from 0.3 to 1 mm wide and often appearing distorted due to their dense clustering.

<i>Tomnashia luteominia</i> Species of lichen

Tomnashia luteominia, the red firedot lichen, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed along the North American west coast. The lichen has two varieties: var. bolanderi has distinctive red apothecia, while var. luteominia has orange-brown apothecia.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Sokoloff, P.; McMullin, T. (2020). "Seirophora aurantiaca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  2. ↑ "GSD Species Synonymy. Current Name: Xanthaptychia aurantiaca (R. Br.) S.Y. Kondr. & Ravera, in Kondratyuk, Lőkös, Upreti, Nayaka, Mishra, Ravera, Jeong, Jang, Park & Hur, Acta bot. hung. 59(1-2): 123 (2017)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  3. ↑ "Xanthaptychia aurantiaca (R. Br.) S.Y. Kondr. & Ravera". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  4. ↑ Brown, Robert (1823). Chloris Melvilliana : a list of plants collected in Melville Island, (latitude 74-75 N., longitude 110-112 W.) in the year 1820. London: W. Clowes. p. 47.
  5. 1 2 Frödén, Patrik; Lassen, Per (2004). "Typification and emendation of Seirophora Poelt to include species segregated from Teloschistes Norman" (PDF). The Lichenologist. 36 (5): 289–298. doi:10.1017/S002428290401432X.
  6. ↑ Zahlbruckner, A. (1931). Catalogus Lichenum Universalis (in German). Vol. 7. Leipzig: Borntraeger. p. 311.
  7. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Kärnefelt, I. (2003). "Revision of three natural groups of xanthorioid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota)". Ukrainskiy Botanichnyi Zhurnal. 60 (4): 427–437.
  8. ↑ "Record Details: Xanthoanaptychia S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt, Ukr. bot. Zh. 60(4): 434 (2003)". Index Fungorum . Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  9. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Upreti, D.K.; Nayaka, S.; Mishra, G.K.; Ravera, S.; Jeong, M.-H.; Jang, S.-H.; Park, J.S.; Hur, J.S. (2017). "New monophyletic branches of the Teloschistaceae (lichen-forming Ascomycota) proved by three gene phylogeny". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 59 (1–2): 71–136. doi:10.1556/034.59.2017.1-2.6. hdl: 10447/414429 .
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