| Xanthaptychia | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Teloschistales |
| Family: | Teloschistaceae |
| Genus: | Xanthaptychia S.Y.Kondr. & Ravera (2017) |
| Type species | |
| Xanthaptychia orientalis (Frödén) S.Y.Kondr. & Ravera (2017) | |
| Species | |
Xanthaptychia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. [1] The genus, circumscribed in 2017, has three corticolous (bark-dwelling) species.
Xanthaptychia is in the Seirophora clade of the subfamily Caloplacoideae within the family Teloschistaceae. It was circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Sonja Ravera. The genus forms a distinct, robust monophyletic branch, setting it apart from related genera. Four species were included in the genus. The etymology of Xanthaptychia is influenced by its resemblance to Anaptychia of the Physciaceae (in the lack of a lower cortical layer) and to xanthorioid lichens of the Teloschistaceae, evident in its foliose thallus. Xanthaptychia differs from the related Seirophora in its scleroplectenchymatous tissue in the thallus and the cortex of the thalline margin of the apothecia, and its primary distribution in high-altitude mountainous regions of northern Eurasia or North America. [2]
Xanthaptychia species have a thallus that is foliose to somewhat fruticose or caespitose to pulvinate , typically forming small rosettes. The lobes are dorsiventral, oriented horizontally, and have three distinct portions: main lobes, secondary lobules , and terminal portions. The upper surface varies in colour from whitish-grey to brownish-yellow, with a whitish-grey lower side. A distinct feature is the well-developed tomentum on the upper surface. [2]
Apothecia in Xanthaptychia are laminal and lecanorine , often large, with discs that are yellow, orange, reddish-orange, or brownish-orange. The asci are 8-spored, polarilocular with narrow septa, and hyaline. The conidia are narrowly bacilliform . [2]
Chemically, the genus is characterized by the presence of parietin (a major component) and low concentrations of emodin, fallacinal, teloschistin, parietinic acid, and erythroglaucin. [2]
Xanthaptychia species are predominantly corticolous, growing on a variety of tree species including Picea schrenkiana , Ephedra canisetina , Acer pubescens , A. regalis , Rhamnus sintesii , Pistacia vera , Sageretia laetevirens , Amygdalus buharica , and species of the genera Populus and Juniperus . They are typically found in montane belts at altitudes ranging from 1,100 to 2,100 m (3,600 to 6,900 ft). Ecologically, the genus is distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, favouring high altitudes in mountainous regions or polar latitudes of Eurasia and North America. [2]
The proposed new combination Xanthaptychia blumii(S.Y.Kondr. & Moniri) S.Y.Kondr. & Ravera (2017), found in Turkmenistan, was not validly published by the authors. [3]
The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Collectively, the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although members occur predominantly in subtropical and temperate regions. Although most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, about 40 species are lichenicolous – meaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous.
Psoroglaena is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Johann Müller Argoviensis in 1891, with Psoroglaena cubensis assigned as the type species.
Gyalolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It contains 18 species of crustose lichens.
Ikaeria is a genus of two species of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. Both species grow on twig bark of shrubs and trees. It was circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Dalip Kumar Upreti, and Jae-Seoun Hur, with Ikaeria aurantiellina assigned as the type species. This lichen was previously placed in the genus Caloplaca, but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that it belonged in a lineage that was genetically distinct from that genus. Ikaeria serusiauxii was added to the genus in 2020.
Ikaeria serusiauxii is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Madeira Archipelago and Canary Islands (Macaronesia), as well as in coastal regions of Algarve and Estremadura in mainland Portugal, where it grows on twigs and branches of trees and shrubs. It was described as a new species in 2020 by lichenologist Harrie Sipman. The type specimen was found on Porto Santo Island, on the lower slopes of Pico do Facho, at an altitude of about 350 m (1,150 ft). Here it was growing on fallen pine trees. The specific epithet honours Belgian lichenologist Emmanuël Sérusiaux, "who contributed significantly to the exploration of the lichen diversity of Macaronesia".
Sirenophila is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species with an Australasian distribution.
Caloplaca kedrovopadensis is a little-known species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is only found in the Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve in the Russian Far East, and on the Jiri Mountain of South Korea. The lichen has been recorded growing on rocks and on bark.
Neobrownliella is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has five species. The genus was circumscribed in 2015 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Jack Elix, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and Arne Thell, with Neobrownliella brownlieae assigned as the type species. It is a segregate of the large genus Caloplaca. Characteristics of Neobrownliella include a thallus that is continuous or areolate, the presence of anthraquinones as lichen products, a cortical layer with a palisade paraplectenchyma, and the lack of a thick palisade cortical layer on the underside of the thalline exciple. Two species were included in the original circumscription of the genus; an additional three species were added in 2020.
Tomnashia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in southwestern North America.
Teuvoahtiana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens, all of which occur in South America.
Elixjohnia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in Australasia.
Rusavskia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species. It is a member of the subfamily Xanthorioideae. The thallus of Rusavskia is characterized by its foliose (leaf-like) structure with distinct and typically narrow lobes that curve outwards.
Gondwania is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species. The genus was circumscribed by lichenologists Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup. The type species is G. cribrosa, a species that was first named Polycauliona cribrosa by Auguste-Marie Hue in 1909. The genus name refers to the ancestral supercontinent Gondwana.
Opeltia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.
Fauriea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus, which contains seven species, is a member of the subfamily Caloplacoideae.
Marchantiana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains seven species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.
Hosseusiella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species of crustose to foliose (leafy) lichens, some of which grow on bark, while others grow on rock. All three occur in the southern part of the South American continent, where they are fairly common.
Orientophila is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species of mostly saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. All Orientophila species occur in Northeast Asia including China, Japan, South Korea, and the Russian Far East.
Zeroviella esfahanensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in various locations across the Palearctic realm, having been recorded in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, where it grows in alpine and cold desert areas.
Upretia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Upretia is characterised by its small ascospores and narrow, rod-shaped conidia. The distribution of the genus ranges from mid-altitude rocky terrains in India to both arid and higher altitudinal environments in China.