Xeromphalina campanella

Xeromphalina campanella
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Agaricales
Family:	Mycenaceae
Genus:	Xeromphalina
Species:	X. campanella
Binomial name
Xeromphalina campanella (Batsch) Kühner & Maire 1953 [1]

Xeromphalina campanella Mycological characteristics
	Gills on hymenium
	Cap is convex or depressed
	Hymenium is decurrent
	Stipe is bare
	Spore print is white
	Ecology is saprotrophic
	Edibility is unknown or inedible

Xeromphalina campanella is a species of mushroom. The common names of the species include the golden trumpet and the bell Omphalina. It is a cold-tolerant species found throughout North America and Eurasia. Another species that is similar to Xeromphalina campanella is Xeromphalina enigmatica; looks the same but doesn’t interbreed with it. It’s found in both Eurasia and North America and has some populations that are geographically separated and reproductively isolated. ^[2]

Taxonomy

The genus name Xeromphalina means "little dry navel" and campanella means "bell-shaped", respectively describing the mature and young shapes of the cap. ^[3] The mushroom is also called fuzzy-foot. ^[4]

A cluster of X. campanella

Description

The fruit body of X. campanella has a small umbrella-shaped cap, about .5–2 centimetres (1⁄4–3⁄4 in) wide. ^[5] As it matures, the outer part of the cap expands and rises, leaving the center depressed somewhat like a navel. ^[6] The thin brown stalk is 1–5 cm (1⁄2–2 in) long and 1–3 millimetres (1⁄16–1⁄8 in) wide, yellow at the apex, reddish-brown below, with brown or yellow hairs at the base. ^{[5] [7]} The gills are pale yellow to pale orange. ^[5] The flesh is tannish and mild tasting. ^[8] The spore print is pale buff. ^[7]

Similar species

Xeromphalina campanelloides is distinguishable via microscopic features. ^[9] Xeromphalina kauffmanii resembles the species, but has a more yellow cap ^[9] and grows on decaying wood of broad-leaved trees. ^[3] Xeromphalina brunneola also resembles the species, but has smaller, narrowly elliptical spores, and differs in odor, taste, and cap color. ^[10] Xeromphalina cauticinalis , X. cornui , and X. fulvipes are also similar. ^[9]

Habitat and distribution

The fruiting occurs in clumps or very dense clusters on decaying logs, stumps, and woody debris of coniferous trees. The species is commonly found in North America. ^[7] At times, the species almost entirely covers old tree stumps. ^[3] The species can be found in any wet season of the year. ^[6]

Edibility

Although the species is not poisonous, ^[3] the mushrooms are small and bitter tasting, leading to their often being considered inedible. ^{[6] [11] [12]} In 2006, one author noted that they were privately consumed. ^[13]

References

1. "Xeromphalina campanella". Mycobank . Retrieved 21 December 2015.
2. Aldrovandi, M. S. P.; Johnson, J. E.; OMeara, B.; Petersen, R. H.; Hughes, K. W. (2015-11-01). "The Xeromphalina campanella/kauffmanii complex: species delineation and biogeographical patterns of speciation". Mycologia. 107 (6): 1270–1284. doi:10.3852/15-087. ISSN   0027-5514.
3. C. Roody, William (2003). Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians. University Press of Kentucky. p. 124. ISBN   978-0-8131-9039-6.
4. G. Cassidy, Frediric (1991). Dictionary of American Regional English: D - H, Volume 2. Harvard University Press. ISBN   978-0-674-20511-6.
5. Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 170. ISBN   978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC   797915861.
6. Metzler, Susan and Van (1992). Texas mushrooms: a field guide. University of Texas Press. p. 150. ISBN   978-0-292-75125-5.
7. McKnight, Kent H.; McKnight, Vera B. (1998) [1987]. A Field Guide to Mushrooms: North America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 196, 270. ISBN   978-0395910900.
8. Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 378. ISBN   978-0-593-31998-7.
9. Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 132–133. ISBN   978-0-88192-935-5.
10. Bessette, Alan (1995). Mushrooms of North America in color. Syracuse University Press. p. 93. ISBN   978-0-8156-0323-8.
11. Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 193. ISBN   978-0-7627-3109-1.
12. Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi . Ten Speed Press. p. 634. ISBN   978-0-89815-169-5.
13. Russel, Bill (2006). Field guide to wild mushrooms of Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic. Penn State Press. p. 203. ISBN   978-0-271-02891-0.