Xicotepec | |
---|---|
Municipality and town | |
Xicotepec de Juárez | |
Coordinates: 20°18′00″N 97°58′00″O | |
Country | Mexico |
State | Puebla |
Government | |
• Mayor | Laura Guadalupe Vargas Vargas (2018-2021) [1] |
Elevation | 1,180 m (3,870 ft) |
Time zone | UTC-6 (Central Standard Time) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (Central Daylight Time) |
Area code | 764 |
Xicotepec (in Nahuatl: xico; tepetl, 'jicote or bumblebee; hill' 'Hill of jicotes'') is one of the 217 municipalities that make up the Mexican state of Puebla in central-eastern Mexico. [2] It is located within the Sierra Norte de Puebla and belongs to the first region of the state. Its head is the city of Xicotepec de Juárez, which has been recognized by the Mexico's Secretary of Tourism as one of the 121 pueblos mágicos (magical towns) in the country since 2012.
It is said that the first expeditionaries of this place were the Olmecs, who found on these lands a depression that seemed adequate to raise their ceremonial center; torrential rains, its special topography, the confluence of two rivers and dense vegetation made it the ideal place to live.
A Huastec warrior named Cuextécatl fought and expelled the Olmecs, withdrawing them to the coast, thus the Huastecs took possession of the place. This place gained importance and was categorized as ceremonial center, which came to satisfy the religious needs of the inhabitants of a vast region, from Teotihuacan to the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, and also encouraged the emergence of human settlements in the area, allowing the confluence of various ethnic groups.
Other versions indicate that the first inhabitants established within the region were Otomi groups, which settled approximately in 300 B.C.E. Later, during the 5th century, these lands were inhabited by Totonac settlers from El Tajín.
Towards the year 1120, the region was conquered by Huemac, ruler of the Toltec people, which makes it a manor, five months later Chichimec tribes appropriated the place, remaining for more than forty years, until it was reconquered by Metlaltoyuca in 1162.
Approximately in 1325 the Acolhua tribe, led by Tlachotla, invaded the territory and integrated it into their manor.
In 1432 the territory was tributary of Texcoco. Nezahualcóyotl appointed the Xicotepec manor to Quetzalpatzin.
The glyph is an indigenous drawing from Nahuatl origin that shows two main figures; the green shape represents a hill, and on top of it a representation of a jicote.
It is necessary to clarify that the glyph is the graphic representation of the meaning name given to the city, therefore, it implies that Xicotepec is the hill of the jicotes (or bumblebees).
Villa Ávila Camacho, also known as La Ceiba, is a town that lies in the northeast of the municipality, on the banks of the Río San Marcos. Another nearby attraction is the Tlaxcalantongo Falls, by the town of the same name.
Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. Located in eastern Mexico, Veracruz is bordered by seven states, which are Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Puebla, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco. Veracruz is divided into 212 municipalities, and its capital city is Xalapa-Enríquez.
The Huastec or Téenek are an indigenous people of Mexico, living in the La Huasteca region including the states of Hidalgo, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí and Tamaulipas concentrated along the route of the Pánuco River and along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
The Totonac are an indigenous people of Mexico who reside in the states of Veracruz, Puebla, and Hidalgo. They are one of the possible builders of the pre-Columbian city of El Tajín, and further maintained quarters in Teotihuacán. Until the mid-19th century they were the world's main producers of vanilla.
Tlaxcala, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tlaxcala, is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 60 municipalities and the capital city is Tlaxcala City.
Mesoamerican languages are the languages indigenous to the Mesoamerican cultural area, which covers southern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize and parts of Honduras and El Salvador and Nicaragua. The area is characterized by extensive linguistic diversity containing several hundred different languages and seven major language families. Mesoamerica is also an area of high linguistic diffusion in that long-term interaction among speakers of different languages through several millennia has resulted in the convergence of certain linguistic traits across disparate language families. The Mesoamerican sprachbund is commonly referred to as the Mesoamerican Linguistic Area.
La Huasteca is a geographical and cultural region located partially along the Gulf of Mexico and including parts of the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro and Guanajuato. It is roughly defined as the area in which the Huastec people had influence when their civilization was at its height during the Mesoamerican period. Today, the Huastecs occupy only a fraction of this region with the Nahua people now the most numerous indigenous group. However, those who live in the region share a number of cultural traits such as a style of music and dance, along with religious festivals such as Xantolo.
Zacapoaxtla is a city and seat of the Zacapoaxtla Municipality, in the Mexican state of Puebla. The city has a population of 8,062 inhabitants, while the municipality has 49,242 inhabitants at the 2000 census.
The Sierra Norte de Puebla is a rugged mountainous region accounting for the northern third of the state of Puebla, Mexico. It is at the intersection of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Sierra Madre Oriental, between the Mexican Plateau and the Gulf of Mexico coast. From the Mesoamerican period to the 19th century, this area was part of a larger region called Totonacapan, and area dominated by the Totonac people, extending further east to the Gulf of Mexico. Political maneuvers to weaken the Totonacs led to the region being divided between the modern states of Puebla and Veracruz with the Puebla section given its current name. Until the 19th century, the area was almost exclusively indigenous, with the four main groups still found here today, Totonacs, Nahuas, Otomis and Tepehuas, but coffee cultivation brought in mestizos and some European immigrants who took over political and economic power. While highly marginalized socioeconomically, the area has been developed heavily since the mid 20th century, especially with the building of roadways linking it to the Mexico City area and the Gulf coast.
Villa Mazatán (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈβiʝa masaˈtan] is one of the 122 municipalities in the state of Chiapas. It has an area of 386.6 km ² and is located in the southwestern Mexican state.
Castillo de Teayo is a mesoamerican Prehispanic archeological site and Mesoamerican pyramid, located in the La Huasteca region in northern Veracruz, Mexico. The main access to the site is via Federal Highway 130 México-Tuxpan up to the city of Teayo, it belongs to the Huastec culture and it is estimated it was inhabited between the 10th and 12th centuries.
Tepecoacuilco de Trujano is one of the 81 municipalities of Guerrero, in south-western Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Tepecoacuilco de Trujano. The municipality covers an area of 984 km².
Atenango del Río is a city and seat of the municipality of Atenango del Río, in the state of Guerrero, south-western Mexico.
Singuilucan is a town and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, in central-eastern Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 334.1 km². As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 13,143.
Zacatlán Municipality is a municipality in the Mexican state of Puebla in south-eastern Mexico. Its administrative centre is the city of Zacatlán.
Santa Ana Nopalucan is a municipality in Tlaxcala in south-eastern Mexico.
The state of Oaxaca, Mexico has a total population of about 3.5 million, with women outnumbering men by 150,000 and about 60% of the population under the age of 30. It is ranked tenth in population in the country. Fifty three percent of the population lives in rural areas. Most of the state’s population growth took place between 1980 and 1990. Life expectancy is 71.7 for men and 77.4 for women, just under the national average. Births far outpace deaths. In 2007, there were 122,579 births and 19,439 deaths. Approximately 85% profess the Catholic faith.
Huapalcalco is a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican archeological site located some 5 kilometers north of Tulancingo in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico.
Huatusco is an archaeological site located in the Carrillo Puerto municipality, near the small, almost deserted town of Santiago Huatusco, on the northern bank of the Rio Atoyac in the Rancho El Fortin. The importance of the site due to the nearly undamaged pyramid from prehispanic times, the largest part of the actual temple is still standing, in the state of Veracruz, Mexico.
Ixcateopan is an archaeological site located in the town and municipality of Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc, 36 kilometers from Taxco, in the isolated and rugged mountains of the northern part of Guerrero state, Mexico.
Mesa de Cacahuatenco is a Mesoamerican pre-Columbian archeological site, located in the municipality of Ixhuatlán de Madero in northern Veracruz, Mexico, south of the Vinasca River.