1908 United States presidential election in Georgia

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1908 United States presidential election in Georgia
Flag of the State of Georgia (1906-1920).svg
  1904 November 3, 1908 (1908-11-03) 1912  
  Unsuccessful 1908.jpg William Howard Taft, Bain bw photo portrait, 1908.jpg Tom E Watson.jpg
Nominee William Jennings Bryan William Howard Taft Thomas E. Watson
Party Democratic Republican Populist
Home state Nebraska Ohio Georgia
Running mate John W. Kern James S. Sherman Samuel Williams
Electoral vote1300
Popular vote72,35041,35516,687
Percentage54.60%31.21%12.59%

Georgia Presidential Election Results 1908.svg
County Results

President before election

Theodore Roosevelt
Republican

Elected President

William Howard Taft
Republican

The 1908 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 3, 1908, as part of the wider United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Contents

Following Reconstruction, Georgia would be the first former Confederate state to substantially disenfranchise its newly enfranchised freedmen, doing so in the early 1870s. [1] This largely limited the Republican Party to a few North Georgia counties with substantial Civil War Unionist sentiment – chiefly Fannin but also to a lesser extent Pickens, Gilmer and Towns. [2] The Democratic Party served as the guardian of white supremacy against a Republican Party historically associated with memories of Reconstruction, and the main competition became Democratic primaries, which state laws restricted to whites on the grounds of the Democratic Party being legally a private club. [3]

However, politics after the first demobilization by a cumulative poll tax was chaotic. Third-party movements, chiefly the Populist Party, gained support amongst poor whites and the remaining black voters in opposition to the planter elite. [4] The fact that Georgia had already substantially reduced its poor white and black electorate two decades ago, alongside pressure from urban elites in Atlanta, [4] meant the Populist movement substantially faded in the late 1890s. [5] Nevertheless, this did not prevent demands for more complete disenfranchisement after the state's politics again turned chaotic as former vice-presidential candidate Thomas E. Watson attempted to revive the Populist Party in 1904, whilst Hoke Smith ran for Governor as a radical reformist in 1906. [6]

Georgia was won by the Democratic nominees, former Nebraska Congressman and two-time prior Democratic nominee William Jennings Bryan and his running mate John W. Kern of Indiana. They defeated the Republican candidates, United States Secretary of War William Howard Taft of Ohio and his running mate James S. Sherman of New York. Bryan won the state by a margin of 23.39%.

The aim of co-opting the Populists led Georgia to become the last former Confederate state to initiate a full-scale disenfranchisement plan to largely eliminate the seventy thousand or so blacks who remained on the rolls. [7] The process, involving a literacy test and a grandfather clause in addition to the poll tax, alongside statewide white primaries, was achieved in the next presidential election year, when a transformed Watson ran for the Populist Party on a white supremacist campaign. At the same time the Republican Party aimed to make gains in the South because of opposition by developing manufacturers to William Jennings Bryan’s populism, [8] and by nominee William Howard Taft’s willingness to accept black disfranchisement. [9]

At the beginning of September, Taft spoke of carrying Georgia and other southern states, though this idea was dismissed by Democratic committee members. [10] Polls, when taken in October, always suggested Bryan would win the state, though by a smaller margin than usual. [11] This was indeed the observed result, although anti-populist sentiment [8] resulted in the GOP carrying twelve secessionist upcountry counties that had never gone Republican before. [12] Watson fell substantially from his 1904 performance, and would disband the Populist Party after the election.

Bryan had previously won Georgia against William McKinley in both 1896 and 1900.

Results

1908 United States presidential election in Georgia [13]
PartyCandidateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
Democratic William Jennings Bryan 72,35054.60%13
Republican William Howard Taft 41,35531.21%0
People's Thomas E. Watson 16,68712.59%0
Prohibition Eugene W. Chafin 1,4521.10%0
Socialist Eugene V. Debs 5840.44%0
Independence Thomas L. Hisgen 760.06%0

Results by county

CountyWilliam Jennings Bryan [14]
Democratic
William Howard Taft [14]
Republican
Thomas Edward Watson [14]
Populist
Eugene Wilder Chafin [14]
Prohibition
Various candidates [14]
Other parties
MarginTotal votes cast
# %# %# %# %# %# %
Appling 24933.51%25033.65%24432.84%00.00%00.00%-1-0.13%743
Baker 14969.63%3616.82%2913.55%00.00%00.00%11352.80%214
Baldwin 41759.57%20128.71%7410.57%81.14%00.00%21630.86%700
Banks 21136.38%22138.10%14725.34%10.17%00.00%-10-1.72%580
Bartow 72645.60%78048.99%734.59%110.69%20.13%-54-3.39%1,592
Ben Hill 40741.87%41242.39%495.04%10410.70%00.00%-5-0.51%972
Berrien 59566.70%21223.77%647.17%192.13%20.22%38342.94%892
Bibb 1,94675.46%56521.91%511.98%140.54%30.12%1,38153.55%2,579
Brooks 47249.89%36238.27%10310.89%40.42%50.53%11011.63%946
Bulloch 75669.36%11610.64%21820.00%00.00%00.00%538 [lower-alpha 1] 49.36%1,090
Burke 51966.37%19324.68%708.95%00.00%00.00%32641.69%782
Butts 34853.46%16725.65%13120.12%50.77%00.00%18127.80%651
Calhoun 27265.70%10625.60%337.97%00.00%30.72%16640.10%414
Camden 18143.20%23355.61%10.24%40.95%00.00%-52-12.41%419
Campbell 21045.06%14030.04%11624.89%00.00%00.00%7015.02%466
Carroll 91751.32%50528.26%35619.92%40.22%50.28%41223.06%1,787
Catoosa 31759.03%21339.66%40.74%30.56%00.00%10419.37%537
Charlton 12467.03%5328.65%21.08%63.24%00.00%7138.38%185
Chatham 3,30572.54%1,20926.54%170.37%180.40%70.15%2,09646.01%4,556
Chattahoochee 11145.12%11847.97%176.91%00.00%00.00%-7-2.85%246
Chattooga 43736.39%71659.62%282.33%90.75%110.92%-279-23.23%1,201
Cherokee 32629.32%66559.80%1008.99%60.54%151.35%-339-30.49%1,112
Clarke 72070.24%20720.20%969.37%20.20%00.00%51350.05%1,025
Clay 24254.14%16136.02%429.40%20.45%00.00%8118.12%447
Clayton 24842.61%22338.32%9917.01%111.89%10.17%254.30%582
Clinch 20254.45%15742.32%112.96%10.27%00.00%4512.13%371
Cobb 88954.54%54833.62%17410.67%181.10%10.06%34120.92%1,630
Coffee 53454.60%38239.06%545.52%20.20%60.61%15215.54%978
Colquitt 39046.10%12514.78%32738.65%00.00%40.47%63 [lower-alpha 1] 7.45%846
Columbia 14442.11%123.51%18554.09%10.29%00.00%-41 [lower-alpha 1] -11.99%342
Coweta 1,03281.13%22017.30%191.49%10.08%00.00%81263.84%1,272
Crawford 28583.58%247.04%329.38%00.00%00.00%253 [lower-alpha 1] 74.19%341
Crisp 45265.04%20629.64%365.18%00.00%10.14%24635.40%695
Dade 22871.47%7222.57%72.19%00.00%123.76%15648.90%319
Dawson 12535.31%21961.86%51.41%51.41%00.00%-94-26.55%354
De Kalb 74054.37%35626.16%21816.02%433.16%40.29%38428.21%1,361
Decatur 78253.75%53736.91%1319.00%40.27%10.07%24516.84%1,455
Dodge 54469.57%17722.63%445.63%10.13%162.05%36746.93%782
Dooly 50758.48%27131.26%8710.03%20.23%00.00%23627.22%867
Dougherty 58378.05%15821.15%60.80%00.00%00.00%42556.89%747
Douglas 15228.95%18134.48%18735.62%40.76%10.19%-6 [lower-alpha 2] -1.14%525
Early 37553.65%17324.75%13619.46%30.43%121.72%20228.90%699
Echols 14090.32%159.68%00.00%00.00%00.00%12580.65%155
Effingham 30267.56%8919.91%5512.30%10.22%00.00%21347.65%447
Elbert 71462.63%1039.04%30526.75%181.58%00.00%409 [lower-alpha 1] 35.88%1,140
Emanuel 54935.19%53033.97%47330.32%80.51%00.00%191.22%1,560
Fannin 42038.15%68161.85%00.00%00.00%00.00%-261-23.71%1,101
Fayette 33851.76%16224.81%15123.12%00.00%20.31%17626.95%653
Floyd 1,20458.82%67733.07%1386.74%251.22%30.15%52725.74%2,047
Forsyth 15026.04%34559.90%7913.72%10.17%10.17%-195-33.85%576
Franklin 37939.07%25326.08%32933.92%90.93%00.00%50 [lower-alpha 1] 5.15%970
Fulton 4,79058.89%2,90635.73%1902.34%1652.03%831.02%1,88423.16%8,134
Gilmer 36040.63%51958.58%40.45%30.34%00.00%-159-17.95%886
Glascock 6316.45%5213.58%26468.93%41.04%00.00%-201 [lower-alpha 1] -52.48%383
Glynn 46759.95%29838.25%121.54%20.26%00.00%16921.69%779
Gordon 47640.00%61551.68%978.15%10.08%10.08%-139-11.68%1,190
Grady 46348.79%23825.08%21522.66%333.48%00.00%22523.71%949
Greene 41238.58%42840.07%20118.82%252.34%20.19%-16-1.50%1,068
Gwinnett 67741.01%54132.77%39223.74%382.30%30.18%1368.24%1,651
Habersham 36452.45%23033.14%7711.10%172.45%60.86%13419.31%694
Hall 70747.74%63442.81%946.35%332.23%130.88%734.93%1,481
Hancock 45774.80%8013.09%7111.62%20.33%10.16%37761.70%611
Haralson 25228.03%50656.28%10611.79%232.56%121.33%-254-28.25%899
Harris 55676.37%9412.91%7710.58%10.14%00.00%46263.46%728
Hart 40850.43%19223.73%20024.72%50.62%40.49%208 [lower-alpha 1] 25.71%809
Heard 20383.88%52.07%3414.05%00.00%00.00%169 [lower-alpha 1] 69.83%242
Henry 36957.57%19430.27%274.21%517.96%00.00%17527.30%641
Houston 85581.58%272.58%00.00%16615.84%00.00%689 [lower-alpha 3] 65.74%1,048
Irwin 38865.54%17429.39%305.07%00.00%00.00%21436.15%592
Jackson 73549.70%40627.45%32321.84%120.81%30.20%32922.24%1,479
Jasper 55775.27%15520.95%283.78%00.00%00.00%40254.32%740
Jeff Davis 17250.74%15646.02%113.24%00.00%00.00%164.72%339
Jefferson 37350.54%36148.92%00.00%40.54%00.00%121.63%738
Jenkins 18859.31%5316.72%7623.97%00.00%00.00%112 [lower-alpha 1] 35.33%317
Johnson 13520.61%16224.73%35554.20%30.46%00.00%-193 [lower-alpha 2] -29.47%655
Jones 38552.38%32243.81%283.81%00.00%00.00%638.57%735
Laurens 95741.90%73031.96%59426.01%00.00%30.13%2279.94%2,284
Lee 33756.54%25242.28%71.17%00.00%00.00%8514.26%596
Liberty 21927.65%41252.02%16020.20%10.13%00.00%-193-24.37%792
Lincoln 15738.11%10.24%24960.44%51.21%00.00%-92 [lower-alpha 1] -22.33%412
Lowndes 68173.46%15416.61%586.26%313.34%30.32%52756.85%927
Lumpkin 26154.49%21845.51%00.00%00.00%00.00%438.98%479
Macon 35051.47%19628.82%13119.26%30.44%00.00%15422.65%680
Madison 56068.29%17020.73%8910.85%00.00%10.12%39047.56%820
Marion 21747.07%15533.62%8919.31%00.00%00.00%6213.45%461
McDuffie 15730.78%254.90%32363.33%50.98%00.00%-166 [lower-alpha 1] -32.55%510
McIntosh 14747.73%16152.27%00.00%00.00%00.00%-14-4.55%308
Meriwether 68367.42%21120.83%11511.35%40.39%00.00%47246.59%1,013
Miller 16170.61%2310.09%4419.30%00.00%00.00%117 [lower-alpha 1] 51.32%228
Milton 18251.41%12033.90%5014.12%20.56%00.00%6217.51%354
Mitchell 55557.99%19620.48%20521.42%10.10%00.00%350 [lower-alpha 1] 36.57%957
Monroe 45654.55%16219.38%21725.96%00.00%10.12%239 [lower-alpha 1] 28.59%836
Montgomery 41446.99%25428.83%21324.18%00.00%00.00%16018.16%881
Morgan 46264.44%18726.08%669.21%20.28%00.00%27538.35%717
Murray 31234.32%53959.30%202.20%00.00%384.18%-227-24.97%909
Muscogee 1,59972.95%45920.94%100.46%00.00%1245.66%1,14052.01%2,192
Newton 64363.98%30330.15%484.78%111.09%00.00%34033.83%1,005
Oconee 13631.85%5111.94%24056.21%00.00%00.00%-104 [lower-alpha 1] -24.36%427
Oglethorpe 49573.44%679.94%11216.62%00.00%00.00%383 [lower-alpha 1] 56.82%674
Paulding 25623.75%63058.44%18817.44%30.28%10.09%-374-34.69%1,078
Pickens 18720.22%73179.03%30.32%40.43%00.00%-544-58.81%925
Pierce 29557.06%15029.01%7213.93%00.00%00.00%14528.05%517
Pike 72767.44%23021.34%12111.22%00.00%00.00%49746.10%1,078
Polk 49233.24%90160.88%745.00%100.68%30.20%-409-27.64%1,480
Pulaski 65179.20%10713.02%647.79%00.00%00.00%54466.18%822
Putnam 41091.93%204.48%163.59%00.00%00.00%39087.44%446
Quitman 8747.03%3116.76%6635.68%10.54%00.00%21 [lower-alpha 1] 11.35%185
Rabun 23355.88%17141.01%133.12%00.00%00.00%6214.87%417
Randolph 52253.65%36637.62%838.53%00.00%20.21%15616.03%973
Richmond 1,72770.55%26710.91%34514.09%00.00%1094.45%1,382 [lower-alpha 1] 56.45%2,448
Rockdale 35257.52%17228.10%8714.22%00.00%10.16%18029.41%612
Schley 21947.82%17337.77%6413.97%20.44%00.00%4610.04%458
Screven 35530.90%42837.25%35731.07%90.78%00.00%71 [lower-alpha 2] 6.18%1,149
Spalding 72573.08%19920.06%292.92%222.22%171.71%52653.02%992
Stephens 30651.52%26143.94%274.55%00.00%00.00%457.58%594
Stewart 41561.12%24135.49%233.39%00.00%00.00%17425.63%679
Sumter 87662.93%47634.20%362.59%40.29%00.00%40028.74%1,392
Talbot 40869.39%12921.94%447.48%50.85%20.34%27947.45%588
Taliaferro 23540.10%21636.86%13022.18%00.00%50.85%193.24%586
Tattnall 53442.82%26321.09%43234.64%181.44%00.00%102 [lower-alpha 1] 8.18%1,247
Taylor 25344.00%15927.65%16328.35%00.00%00.00%90 [lower-alpha 1] 15.65%575
Telfair 61370.54%293.34%00.00%22726.12%00.00%386 [lower-alpha 3] 44.42%869
Terrell 52873.03%14219.64%537.33%00.00%00.00%38653.39%723
Thomas 76542.43%72340.10%30817.08%70.39%00.00%422.33%1,803
Tift 45068.70%9915.11%10415.88%00.00%20.31%346 [lower-alpha 1] 52.82%655
Toombs 28248.37%20034.31%9816.81%30.51%00.00%8214.07%583
Towns 19640.08%29159.51%20.41%00.00%00.00%-95-19.43%489
Troup 71468.13%454.29%28727.39%20.19%00.00%427 [lower-alpha 1] 40.74%1,048
Turner 27650.46%10519.20%13725.05%224.02%71.28%139 [lower-alpha 1] 25.41%547
Twiggs 30176.20%7318.48%215.32%00.00%00.00%22857.72%395
Union 34444.85%41854.50%50.65%00.00%00.00%-74-9.65%767
Upson 36948.36%14519.00%24932.63%00.00%00.00%120 [lower-alpha 1] 15.73%763
Walker 75443.61%92553.50%321.85%60.35%120.69%-171-9.89%1,729
Walton 72753.93%38928.86%22516.69%60.45%10.07%33825.07%1,348
Ware 77176.49%19018.85%121.19%161.59%191.88%58157.64%1,008
Warren 15826.92%16628.28%25743.78%40.68%20.34%-91 [lower-alpha 2] -15.50%587
Washington 63045.78%26719.40%47934.81%00.00%00.00%151 [lower-alpha 1] 10.97%1,376
Wayne 39465.34%14423.88%345.64%304.98%10.17%25041.46%603
Webster 11444.36%11745.53%2610.12%00.00%00.00%-3-1.17%257
White 12135.59%18353.82%3610.59%00.00%00.00%-62-18.24%340
Whitfield 58640.05%77552.97%362.46%60.41%604.10%-189-12.92%1,463
Wilcox 38072.66%12022.94%224.21%10.19%00.00%26049.71%523
Wilkes 55765.53%657.65%21625.41%121.41%00.00%341 [lower-alpha 1] 40.12%850
Wilkinson 28071.61%5514.07%5514.07%10.26%00.00%22557.54%391
Worth 45748.36%23725.08%25126.56%00.00%00.00%206 [lower-alpha 1] 21.80%945
Totals72,35054.60%41,35531.21%16,68712.59%1,4521.10%6600.50%30,99523.39%132,504

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 In this county where Taft ran third behind Bryan and Watson, margin given is Bryan vote minus Watson vote and percentage margin Bryan percentage minus Watson percentage.
  2. 1 2 3 4 In this county where Bryan ran third behind both Taft and Watson, margin given is Taft vote minus Watson vote and percentage margin Taft percentage minsu Watson percentage.
  3. 1 2 In this county where Chafin ran second ahead of both Taft and Watson, margin given is Bryan vote minus Chafin vote and percentage margin Bryan percentage minus Chafin percentage.

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The 1908 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 3, 1908. All contemporary 46 states were part of the 1908 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1932 United States presidential election in Alabama</span> Election in Alabama

The 1932 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 8, 1932, as part of the nationwide presidential election. Alabama voters chose eleven representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. In Alabama, voters voted for electors individually instead of as a slate, as in the other states.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1924 United States presidential election in Alabama</span> Election in Alabama

The 1924 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the nationwide presidential election, which was held throughout all contemporary forty-eight states. Voters chose twelve representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1916 United States presidential election in Alabama</span> Election in Alabama

The 1916 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the nationwide presidential election. State voters chose twelve representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1908 United States presidential election in Louisiana</span> Election in Louisiana

The 1908 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 3, 1908. All contemporary 46 states were part of the 1908 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

References

  1. Mickey, Robert W.; Paths Out of Dixie: The Democratization of Authoritarian Enclaves in America's Deep South, 1944-1972, p. 76 ISBN   1400838789
  2. Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 208, 210 ISBN   9780691163246
  3. Springer, Melanie Jean; How the States Shaped the Nation: American Electoral Institutions and Voter Turnout, 1920-2000, p. 155 ISBN   022611435X
  4. 1 2 Mickey, Robert W.; ‘The Beginning of the End for Authoritarian Rule in America: Smith v. Allwright and the Abolition of the White Primary in the Deep South, 1944-1948’; Studies in American Political Development, Vol. 22 (Fall 2008), pp. 143-182.
  5. Perman, Michael; Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888-1908; p. 274 ISBN   0807860255
  6. Perman; Struggle for Mastery, p. 283
  7. Perman; Struggle for Mastery, p. 297
  8. 1 2 Tindall, George B.; ‘Southern Strategy: A Historical Perspective’; North Carolina Historical Review; vol. 48, no. 2 (April 1971), pp. 126-141
  9. de Santis, Vincent P.; ‘Republican Efforts to “Crack” the Democratic South’; The Review of Politics, vol. 14, no. 2 (April 1952), pp. 244-264
  10. ‘Just Nonsense, Says Howell: So Georgia Editor Styles Talk of Taft Carrying Georgia’; The Atlanta Constitution , September 8, 1908, p. 2
  11. ‘Situation Complicated: In Georgia and Taft Men Talk Seriously of Carrying the State’; Cincinnati Enquirer; October 18, 1908, p. 27
  12. Menendez, Albert J.; The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004, p. 39 ISBN   0786422173
  13. Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas; 1908 Presidential General Election Results – Georgia
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Géoelections; Popular Vote at the Presidential Election for 1908 (.xlsx file for €30 including full minor party figures)