1322 Coppernicus

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1322 Coppernicus
001322-asteroid shape model (1322) Coppernicus.png
Shape model of Coppernicus from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered by K. Reinmuth
Discovery site Heidelberg Obs.
Discovery date15 June 1934
Designations
(1322) Coppernicus
Pronunciation /kɒˈpɜːrnɪkəs/
Named after
 Nicolaus Copernicus [2]
(Polish astronomer)
1934 LA
main-belt  ·(inner) [3]
background   [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 83.38 yr (30,455 days)
Aphelion 2.9898 AU
Perihelion 1.8547 AU
2.4222 AU
Eccentricity 0.2343
3.77 yr (1,377 days)
10.211°
0° 15m 41.04s / day
Inclination 23.359°
253.19°
29.379°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions9.80 km (derived) [3]
9.996±0.203 km [5]
10.04±0.34 km [6]
10.192±0.029 km [7]
10.70±0.19 km [8]
3.967 h [9]
5.375±0.006 h [10]
0.133±0.005 [8]
0.1857±0.0429 [7]
0.20 (assumed) [3]
0.211±0.028 [6]
S (Tholen) [3]
B–V = 0.887 [1]
U–B = 0.321 [1]
12.30 [1] [6]  ·12.41 [3] [7] [9]  ·12.70 [8]  ·12.75±0.31 [11]

    1322 Coppernicus, provisional designation 1934 LA, is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in 1934, the asteroid was later named after Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. [2] [12]

    Contents

    Discovery

    Coppernicus was discovered on 15 June 1934, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. [12] On the same night, it was independently discovered by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at Uccle Observatory. [2] The Minor Planet Center only recognizes the first discoverer. [12]

    Orbit and classification

    Coppernicus is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. [4] It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–3.0  AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,377 days; semi-major axis of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic. [1] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg/Uccle in June 1934, on the night of its official discovery observation. [12]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen classification, Coppernicus is a common, stony S-type asteroid. [3]

    Rotation period

    Published in 1991, a first rotational lightcurve of Coppernicus was obtained by Polish astronomer Wiesław Wiśniewski. Lightcurve analysis gave a relatively short rotation period of 3.967 hours with a brightness variation of 0.22 magnitude ( U=2 ). [9] In 2006, photometric observations by Italian astronomer Federico Manzini gave a tentative period of 5.37 and 5.375 hours with an amplitude of 0.01 and 0.04, respectively ( U=1/2 ). [10]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Coppernicus measures between 9.996 and 10.70 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.133 and 0.211. [5] [6] [7] [8]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and derives a diameter of 9.80 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.41. [3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Polish astronomer and mathematician Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543), the founder of modern astronomy who formulated the heliocentric model that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the Universe. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ( H 120 ). The lunar crater Copernicus as well as the Martian crater Copernicus are both named in his honor. [2] The asteroid's unusual spelling, "Coppernicus", is attributed to German biographer Leopold Prowe. [lower-alpha 1]

    Notes

    1. ↑ The name's spelling with pp was used by Nicolaus Copernicus himself in most cases, especially in official documents. Based on over two dozen signatures of the astronomers, of which more than 74% use the spelling with two p, Prowe and Curtze came to the conclusion that the form Coppernicus is the best form to represent the chosen name of the astronomer (and the form Koppernick for his family). - Maximilian Curtze (de): Ueber die Orthographie des Namens Coppernicus., in the foreword to Nicolaus Coppernicus aus Thorn über die Kreisbewegungen der Weltkörper, 1879 (from German wikisource)

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1118 Hanskya</span> Asteroid

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    1128 Astrid, provisional designation 1929 EB, is a carbonaceous Astridian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt. It is the parent body of the Astrid family and measures approximately 40 kilometers in diameter.

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1457 Ankara</span>

    1457 Ankara, provisional designation 1937 PA, is a stony asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 18 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 August 1937, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany, and later named for the Turkish capital city of Ankara.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1551 Argelander</span>

    1551 Argelander, provisional designation 1938 DC1, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 24 February 1938, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Turku Observatory in southwest Finland. The likely S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 4.1 hours. It was named after German astronomer Friedrich Argelander.

    1215 Boyer, provisional designation 1932 BA, is a stony Eunomian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by astronomer Alfred Schmitt in 1932, who named it after French astronomer and college Louis Boyer.

    4282 Endate, provisional designation 1987 UQ1, is an asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 October 1987, by Japanese astronomers Seiji Ueda and Hiroshi Kaneda at Kushiro Observatory (399) in Japan. It was named for amateur astronomer Kin Endate.

    1233 Kobresia, provisional designation 1931 TG2, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 33 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named for the grass-like flowering plant Kobresia, a genus in the sedge family.

    1284 Latvia, provisional designation 1933 OP, is a rare-type asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 37 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 27 July 1933, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany, and named after the Republic of Latvia.

    1303 Luthera, provisional designation 1928 FP, is a dark asteroid and the parent body of the Luthera family, located in the outermost regions of the asteroid belt. It measures approximately 90 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered on 16 March 1928, by astronomer Friedrich Schwassmann at the Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg, Germany, and later named after German astronomer Robert Luther.

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    1323 Tugela, provisional designation 1934 LD, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 May 1934, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. The asteroid was named for the Tugela River in western South Africa.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1336 Zeelandia</span>

    1336 Zeelandia, provisional designation 1934 RW, is a stony Koronian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 21 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 September 1934, by Dutch astronomer Hendrik van Gent at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa. The asteroid was named for the Dutch province of Zeeland.

    1461 Jean-Jacques, provisional designation 1937 YL, is a metallic asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 34 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 December 1937, by French astronomer Marguerite Laugier at Nice Observatory in southern France, who named it after her son Jean-Jacques Laugier.

    1466 Mündleria, provisional designation 1938 KA, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter.

    1481 Tübingia, provisional designation 1938 DR, is a dark asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 34 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 February 1938, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany, and named for the German city of Tübingen.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1322 Coppernicus (1934 LA)" (2017-11-01 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 30 November 2017.
    2. 1 2 3 4 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1322) Coppernicus". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1322) Coppernicus. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 108. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1323. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "LCDB Data for (1322) Coppernicus". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 30 November 2017.
    4. 1 2 "Asteroid 1322 Coppernicus – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    5. 1 2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv: 1406.6645 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    6. 1 2 3 4 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv: 1209.5794 . Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 . Retrieved 30 November 2017.
    7. 1 2 3 4 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv: 1109.6407 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    8. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    9. 1 2 3 Wisniewski, W. Z. (March 1991). "Physical studies of small asteroids. I - Lightcurves and taxonomy of 10 asteroids". Icarus. 90 (1): 117–122. Bibcode:1991Icar...90..117W. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(91)90073-3. ISSN   0019-1035 . Retrieved 30 November 2017.
    10. 1 2 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1322) Coppernicus". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
    11. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv: 1506.00762 . Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 . Retrieved 30 November 2017.
    12. 1 2 3 4 "1322 Coppernicus (1934 LA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
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