1323 Tugela

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1323 Tugela
Discovery [1]
Discovered by C. Jackson
Discovery site Johannesburg Obs.
Discovery date19 May 1934
Designations
(1323) Tugela
Named after
 Tugela River [2]
(South African river)
1934 LD ·1974 HR3
1974 KM ·1974 KO
A908 UB ·A911 HC
main-belt  ·(outer) [1] [3]
background [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 109.02 yr (39,818 days)
Aphelion 3.7100 AU
Perihelion 2.7510 AU
3.2305 AU
Eccentricity 0.1484
5.81 yr (2,121 days)
234.50°
0° 10m 10.92s / day
Inclination 18.787°
45.241°
136.10°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions58.44±3.4 km [5]
58.50 km (derived) [3]
62.00±19.32 km [6]
63.45±0.94 km [7]
67.76±25.28 km [8]
78.295±0.511 km [9]
90.557±0.542 km [10]
110.11±1.73 km [11]
19.50±0.02 h [12] [lower-alpha 1]
19.777±0.0365 h [13]
0.018±0.004 [11]
0.0236±0.0044 [10]
0.04±0.02 [6]
0.04±0.03 [8]
0.048±0.002 [7]
0.0567±0.007 [5]
0.0620 (derived) [3]
SMASS = Xc [1]
P [10]  · C (assumed) [3]
9.56±0.62 [14]  ·9.80 [3] [11]  ·9.84 [8]  ·9.90 [1] [5] [6] [7] [10]  ·10.245±0.001(S) [13]

    1323 Tugela, provisional designation 1934 LD, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 May 1934, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. [15] The asteroid was named for the Tugela River in western South Africa. [2]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Tugela is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. [4] It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.7  AU once every 5 years and 10 months (2,121 days; semi-major axis of 3.23 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 19° with respect to the ecliptic. [1]

    The body's observation arc begins with its first identification as A908 UB at Heidelberg Observatory in October 1908, almost 26 years prior to its official discovery observation at Johannesburg. [15]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SMASS classification, Tugela is an Xc-subtype that transitions from the X-type to the carbonaceous C-type asteroids. [1] The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) characterized it as a primitive P-type asteroid, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) assumes it to be a C-type. [3] [10]

    Rotation period

    Observations performed by American astronomer Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado, during February 2007 produced a lightcurve with a period of 19.50 ± 0.02 hours and an amplitude of 0.25 ± 0.02 in magnitude ( U=3 ). [12] [lower-alpha 1] In September 2011, photometry in the S-band at the Palomar Transient Factory gave a similar period of 19.777 hours with a brightness variation of 0.18 magnitude ( U=2 ). [13]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Tugela measures between 58.44 and 110.11 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.018 and 0.0567. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]

    CALL largely agrees with IRAS and derives an albedo of 0.0620 with a diameter of 58.50 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.8. [3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the Tugela River, the largest river in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of western South Africa. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ( H 121 ). [2]

    Notes

    1. 1 2 Lightcurve plot of 1323 Tugela, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2007). Summary figures at the LCDB

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    References

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