Indonesiaportal |
Elections to the Volksraad were held in the Dutch East Indies on 16 October 1917. [1] The result was a victory for the Dutch Indies Freethinkers Association, who defeated the Protestant Christian Ethical Party and the Catholic Indian Catholic Party. [2]
The Volksraad was created by a law passed on 16 December 1916 in order to further the possibility of self-government. [3] It had a total of 38 members, half of which were to be elected and half appointed. [4] Seats were also assigned to ethnic groups, with 20 for the Dutch population (nine elected, eleven appointed), 15 for the native population (ten elected, five appointed) and three for the Chinese population (all of which were appointed). [4]
Party | Seats | |
---|---|---|
Moderate right-wing | 12 | |
Moderate left-wing | 10 | |
Left-wing | 8 | |
Right-wing | 8 | |
Total | 38 | |
Source: Schmutzer [4] |
The subsequent membership of the Volksraad included: [5]
Position | Member | Notes |
---|---|---|
President | Jacob Christiaan Koningsberger | |
Appointed members | Schumann | Independent |
Carel Victor Gerritsen | De Javasche Bank | |
H. s'Jacob | Batavia merchant | |
Karel Albert Rudolf Bosscha | Manager of tea plantation in Parahyangan | |
Kettner | Head representative of plantations, Sumatra East Coast | |
Stibbe | Government resident (official) | |
Van der Jagt | Assistant resident | |
Whitlau | Assistant resident | |
Labberton | Theosophist, Indië Weerbaar propagandist and Home Ruler | |
A.L. Waworoentoe | Representative of the people of Manado | |
Atmodirono | Javanese | |
A. Kamil | Muslim | |
Sastro Widjono | Javanese | |
Radjiman Wediodiningrat | Javanese, former leader of Budi Utomo | |
Achmad Djajadiningrat | Regent of Serang | |
Koesoemo Oetojo | Regent of Djapara | |
Koesoemo Joeso | Regent of Patjitan, formerly an official | |
Abdoel Moeis | Muslim, member of Sarekat Islam | |
Abdoel Rifai | Muslim, member of the Insulinde party | |
Elected members | Major Pabst | |
Josef Ignaz Julius Maria Schmutzer | Roman Catholic, leader of the Indian Catholic Party | |
Bergmeijer | Anti-revolutionary "christian" | |
O. van Voorhout | Head of an iron firm | |
Koning | Head representative of the Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij | |
Birnie | Administrator of a tobacco estate in Besoeki | |
Stokvis | Inspector of Secondary Education | |
Hok Hoei Kan | Chinese | |
Lim Pat | Chinese. "Major" of Chinese miners in Bangka Island | |
Soeselise | Representative of the Ambonese | |
Frits Laoh | Representative of the Manadoese | |
Charles Guillaume Cramer | Member of the Indies Social Democratic Association | |
J.J.E. Teeuwen | Member of the Insulinde party | |
Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo | Member of the Insulinde party | |
Prangwedono | Head of Mangkoenegoro | |
Tengkoe Mohammad Tajib | Muslim, representative of Aceh | |
Muhammad Ismail | Muslim, representative of the Arabs | |
Dwidjosewojo | Javanese | |
Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto | Muslim, President of Sarekat Islam |
The Indonesian National Awakening is a term for the period in the first half of the 20th century, during which people from many parts of the archipelago of Indonesia first began to develop a national consciousness as "Indonesians".
The history of Dutch nationality is the emergence of a sense of national identity in the territory of the Netherlands. Consciousness of national identity was manifested through shared national obligations and rights such as taxation, military service, political and social rights, but most importantly through the concept of citizenship. Dutch nationality was forged through conflict which helped the people of the Low Countries develop a unifying idea of the Netherlander.
The Dutch East Indies were a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800.
The Soetardjo Petition of 1936 was a motion of the Volksraad of the Dutch East Indies, instigated by the legislator Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo, which was submitted as a petition to Queen Wilhelmina and the Estates General of the Netherlands. The document asked for a conference to be organized with representative s from the Indies and the Netherlands to discuss the desire of Indonesians, within a period of ten years, to be autonomous under Article 1 of the Dutch Constitution as part of a Dutch commonwealth under the Dutch Crown.
Frans Hendrik Karel Zaalberg was an Indo (Eurasian) journalist and politician in the Dutch East Indies.
The Indo Europeesch Verbond (IEV) or Indo European Alliance was a social movement and political organisation founded in 1919 by the Indo-European (Eurasian) community of the Dutch East Indies that fought for race equality and political say in late colonial Indonesia during the early 20th century.
Frederik Hermanus "Dick" de Hoog was the Indo (Eurasian) president of the Indo European Alliance, member of People's Council and professional politician in the Dutch East Indies. He was also a Grand Master (Masonic) of the Dutch East Indies Freemasonry.
Pieter Frederich Dahler, more commonly known as P.F. Dahler or Frits Dahler, was one of the leading Indo (Eurasian) politicians and activists advocating integration of the native Indo-European community into the indigenous society of the Dutch East Indies. After World War II he changed his name to Amir Dachlan.
The Volksraad an advisory, and later semi-legislative institution for the Dutch East Indies, was provided for by law in 1916 but was only established with the actual installation of the Council in 1918. It was a hesitant and slow attempt at democratisation of the Dutch East Indies as part of the "ethical policy" adopted by the Dutch government. The power of the Volksraad was limited as it only had advisory powers. Although part of the council was elected only a small proportion of the population had voting rights.
Insulinde (1907–1919), a direct successor of the Indische Party (IP) and later renamed the Nationale Indische Party (NIP), was a political organization that represented efforts by some Indo Eurasians to identify and cooperate with the Indigenous educated élite of the Dutch East Indies in an effort to establish an independent dominion. The organisation was mainly led by Indo-European and Javanese activists, but had a considerable membership in the South Moluccas. It was considered part of the more radical political wing in the colony, for which it faced much oppression from the colonial authorities.
Elections to the Volksraad were held in the Dutch East Indies in 1921. The result was a victory for the Political Economic Union.
Elections to the Volksraad were held in the Dutch East Indies in 1924.
Elections to the Volksraad were held in the Dutch East Indies in 1927.
Elections to the Volksraad were held in the Dutch East Indies in 1931.
The governor-general of the Dutch East Indies represented Dutch rule in the Dutch East Indies between 1610 and Dutch recognition of the independence of Indonesia in 1949.
The Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, also known as the Ganjuran Church, is a Roman Catholic church located in Ganjuran, Bantul, Java, Indonesia. It is the oldest church in its administrative regency.
The Indo people are Eurasian people living in or connected with Indonesia. In its narrowest sense, the term refers to people in the former Dutch East Indies who held European legal status but were of mixed Dutch and indigenous Indonesian descent as well as their descendants today.
Phoa Liong Gie Sia was an Indonesian-born Swiss jurist, politician and newspaper owner of the late colonial era in the Dutch East Indies.
Elections to the Volksraad were held in the Dutch East Indies in 1935.
Ko Kwat Tiong Sia (1896–1970), known as Mr. Ko Kwat Tiong and later Mohamad Saleh, was a prominent Indonesian politician, lawyer, civil servant and university lecturer. He was elected to the Volksraad in 1935 as a representative of the Partai Tionghoa Indonesia, and – after Independence in 1945 – headed the Balai Harta Peninggalan in Central Java until retiring in 1960.