1919 in India

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See also:	List of years in India ; Timeline of Indian history

Last updated November 14, 2024

Events in the year 1919 in India.

Incumbents

Emperor of India – George V
Viceroy of India – Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford

Events

National income - ₹26,966 million
6 April – Mahatma Gandhi declared an All India Strike against the Rowlatt Act.
11 April – Serious riots in Ahmedabad.^[1]
13 April – At the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar, Punjab, British and Gurkha troops massacre 379 Sikhs.
15 April – Disturbances in Delhi and Punjab and martial law in Punjab (back dated to 30 March);.^[2]^[3]
19 November – Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind was formed by a group of Muslim scholars.

Law

18 March - The British ram the repressive Rowlatt Act through India's Imperial Legislative Council
23 December - Government of India Act 1919 establishes a dual administration: part Indian and elected, part British and authoritarian.
Poisons Act^[4]

Births

January to June

5 January – Hector Abhayavardhana, Sri Lankan political theorist (d. 2012)
14 January – Kaifi Azmi, Urdu poet and Padma Shree (d. 2002)
19 January – Dharam Singh, field hockey player (died 2001).
7 March – M. N. Nambiar, actor (died 2008).
20 May – Jal Cursetji, Indian navy admiral (died 1991)

July to December

18 July – Jayachamaraja Wodeyar, last Maharaja of Mysore, philosopher, musicologist, political thinker and philanthropist (died 1974).
12 August – Vikram Sarabhai, physicist (died 1971).
14 August – Dina Wadia.^[5]
31 August – Amrita Pritam, poet, novelist and essayist (died 2005).
7 September – Muhammad Ajmal, academic psychologist (died 1994).
4 December – Inder Kumar Gujral, 13th Prime Minister of India (died 2012).
9 December – E. K. Nayanar, politician and three times Chief Minister of Kerala (died 2004).
16 December – Yadlapati Venkata Rao, politician (died 2022)
25 December – Naushad Ali, musician and composer (died 2006).^[6]

Full date unknown

Jamuna Baruah, actress (died 2005).
Pratap Chandra Chunder, Minister, educationalist and author (died 2008).
Mahipal, actor (died 2005).

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The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act, was a law, applied during the British India period. It was a legislative council act passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi on 18 March 1919, indefinitely extending the emergency measures of preventive indefinite detention, imprisonment without trial and judicial review enacted in the Defence of India Act 1915 during the First World War. It was enacted in the light of a perceived threat from revolutionary nationalists of re-engaging in similar conspiracies as had occurred during the war which the Government felt the lapse of the Defence of India Act would enable.

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The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, during the annual Baishakhi fair to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of pro-Indian independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal. In response to the public gathering, the temporary brigadier general R. E. H. Dyer surrounded the people with his Gurkha and Sikh infantry regiments of the British Indian Army. The Jallianwala Bagh could only be exited on one side, as its other three sides were enclosed by buildings. After blocking the exit with his troops, Dyer ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to fire even as the protestors tried to flee. The troops kept on firing until their ammunition was low and they were ordered to stop. Estimates of those killed vary from 379 to 1,500 or more people; over 1,200 others were injured, of whom 192 sustained serious injuries.

The Sedition Committee, usually known as the Rowlatt Committee, was a committee of inquiry appointed in 1917 by the British Indian Government with Sidney Rowlatt, an Anglo-Egyptian judge, as its president, charged with evaluating the threat posed to British rule by the revolutionary movement and determining the legal changes necessary to deal with it.

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Hans Raj was an Indian youth, in Amritsar, British India, who in June 1919 became an approver for the British government when he gave evidence for the Crown at the Amritsar Conspiracy Case Trial in which he identified his fellow Indian revolutionaries, buying his own freedom in return.

References

↑ Dent, J.M. (1971). Everyman's Dictionary of Dates. p. 28.Everyman's Dictionary of Dates; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 28
↑ Sayer, Derek (May 1991). "British Reaction to the Amritsar Massacre 1919-1920". Past and Present . 131 (131): 130–164. doi:10.1093/past/131.1.130.
↑ Dent, J.M. (1971). Everyman's Dictionary of Dates (6 ed.). p. 262.
↑ "Poisons Act". India Code. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
↑ French, Patrick (1998). Liberty Or Death: India's Journey to Independence and Division. Flamingo. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-00-655045-7.
↑ Bharatan, Raju (2013). Naushadnama: The Life and Music of Naushad. p. 352. ISBN 9789381398630.

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