1928 Summa

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1928 Summa
Discovery [1]
Discovered by Y. Väisälä
Discovery site Turku Obs.
Discovery date21 September 1938
Designations
(1928) Summa
Named after
Finnish village
(Battle of Summa) [2]
1938 SO ·1969 PA
main-belt  ·(inner) [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 78.38 yr (28,628 days)
Aphelion 2.9797 AU
Perihelion 1.9733 AU
2.4765 AU
Eccentricity 0.2032
3.90 yr (1,423 days)
98.003°
0° 15m 10.44s / day
Inclination 4.5756°
180.42°
157.80°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions8.34 km (derived) [3]
9.333±0.170 km [4] [5]
6.8549±0.0006 h [6]
6.855±0.001 h [7]
9.66 h (dated) [8]
0.160±0.043 [4] [5]
0.20 (assumed) [3]
S [3] [8]
B–V = 1.010 [1]
12.68 [1]  ·12.76 [3] [4] [8]  ·13.20±0.85 [9]

    1928 Summa, provisional designation 1938 SO, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter.

    Contents

    It was discovered on 21 September 1938, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. [10] It was named for a Finnish village where the Battle of Summa took place. [2]

    Orbit and classification

    Summa is a S-type asteroid that orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.0  AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,423 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. [1] The body's observation arc begins at Turku one night after its official discovery observation, with no precoveries taken, and no prior identifications made. [10]

    Rotation period

    In March 1984, the first but poorly rated rotational lightcurve of Summa was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. It gave a rotation period of 9.66 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.14 magnitude ( U=1 ). [8]

    In August 2012, a refined yet ambiguous lightcurve with a period of 6.855 hours and an amplitude of 0.13 was obtained by Larry E. Owings at the Barnes Ridge Observatory in California ( U=2+ ). Lightcurve analysis also considered that Summa might be a binary system. [7] One month later, the so-far best rated lightcurve from British astronomer Kevin Hills using the remote controlled Riverland Dingo Observatory in Australia, gave a period of 6.8549 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.18 ( U=3 ). [6]

    Diameter an albedo

    According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Summa measures 9.333 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.160, [4] [5] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 8.34 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.76. [3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the village on the Karelian Isthmus, where the Battle of Summa took place during the Finnish Winter War (1939–1940). [2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 August 1980 ( M.P.C. 5450). [11] Most of Yrjö Väisälä's discoveries have names that relate in one way or another to this military conflict between Finland and the Soviet Union during World War II.

    Related Research Articles

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    1168 Brandia, provisional designation 1930 QA, is a stony Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by astronomer Eugène Delporte at Uccle Observatory in 1930, the asteroid was later named after mathematician Eugène Brand.

    3212 Agricola, provisional designation 1938 DH2, is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 km (3.1 miles) in diameter. It was discovered by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland, on 19 February 1938, and named after reformer Mikael Agricola.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1957 Angara</span>

    1957 Angara is a stony Eos asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 18 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 April 1970, by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, and named after the Siberian Angara River.

    1541 Estonia, provisional designation 1939 CK, is an asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 21 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 February 1939, by astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Iso-Heikkilä Observatory near Turku, Finland. The asteroid was named after the Baltic country of Estonia.

    1722 Goffin, provisional designation 1938 EG, is a stony asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 10.3 kilometers in diameter.

    1479 Inkeri, provisional designation 1938 DE, is an asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It is an exceptionally slow rotator, suspected tumbler and measures approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 February 1938, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Iso-Heikkilä Observatory in Turku, Finland. "Inkeri" is the name of two of the discoverer's younger relatives as well as the local name of the former Finnish province of Ingria.

    1522 Kokkola, provisional designation 1938 WO, is a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 November 1938, by pioneering Finnish astronomer Liisi Oterma at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. It was later named for the town of Kokkola.

    1473 Ounas, provisional designation 1938 UT, is a stony asteroid, suspected tumbler and a slow rotator from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 18 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 October 1938, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. The asteroid was named after the Finnish Ounas river.

    1536 Pielinen, provisional designation 1939 SE, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7.8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 September 1939, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory, Southwest Finland. It was later named for Finnish lake Pielinen.

    1646 Rosseland, provisional designation 1939 BG, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 January 1939, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. It was later named after Norwegian astrophysicist Svein Rosseland.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1518 Rovaniemi</span>

    1518 Rovaniemi, provisional designation 1938 UA, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Yrjö Väisälä at the Turku Observatory in 1938, the asteroid was later named after the Finnish city of Rovaniemi.

    1979 Sakharov, provisionally designated 2006 P-L, is a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey in 1960, and named after Russian physicist Andrei Sakharov.

    1405 Sibelius, provisional designation 1936 RE, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 September 1936, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. The asteroid was named after composer Jean Sibelius.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1927 Suvanto</span>

    1927 Suvanto, provisional designation 1936 FP, is a stony Eunomian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 March 1936, by Finnish astronomer Rafael Suvanto at the Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. The asteroid was posthumously named in honor of the discoverer.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1496 Turku</span>

    1496 Turku, provisional designation 1938 SA1, is a Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 September 1938, by astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Iso-Heikkilä Observatory in Turku, Finland. The asteroid was named for the Finnish city of Turku.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1289 Kutaïssi</span> Stony Koronian asteroid

    1289 Kutaïssi is a stony Koronian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt. Discovered by Grigory Neujmin at Simeiz Observatory in 1933, it was later named after the Georgian city of Kutaisi. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.6 hours and measures approximately 22 kilometers in diameter.

    1573 Väisälä, provisional designation 1949 UA, is a stony Phocaea asteroid, slow rotator and suspected tumbler from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 27 October 1949, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle, Belgium. It was named for Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1928 Summa (1938 SO)" (2017-02-08 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 2 July 2017.
    2. 1 2 3 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1928) Summa". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1928) Summa. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 155. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1929. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "LCDB Data for (1928) Summa". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 April 2017.
    4. 1 2 3 4 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv: 1109.6407 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    5. 1 2 3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv: 1109.4096 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68 . Retrieved 5 April 2017.
    6. 1 2 Hills, Kevin (January 2013). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Riverland Dingo Observatory (RDO): 501 Urhixidur, 1897 Hind, 1928 Summa, 6261 Chione, and (68216) 2001 CV 26". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 40 (1): 12–13. Bibcode:2013MPBu...40...12H. ISSN   1052-8091 . Retrieved 5 April 2017.
    7. 1 2 Owings, Larry E. (April 2013). "Lightcurves for 1560 Strattonia, 1928 Summa, 2763 Jeans, 3478 Fanale, 3948 Bohr, 5275 Zdislava, and 5369 Virgiugum". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 40 (2): 104–106. Bibcode:2013MPBu...40..104O. ISSN   1052-8091 . Retrieved 5 April 2017.
    8. 1 2 3 4 Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus. 72 (1): 135–208. Bibcode:1987Icar...72..135B. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN   0019-1035 . Retrieved 5 April 2017.
    9. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv: 1506.00762 . Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 . Retrieved 5 April 2017.
    10. 1 2 "1928 Summa (1938 SO)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
    11. ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
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