2021 Armenian parliamentary election

Last updated

2021 Armenian parliamentary election
Flag of Armenia.svg
  2018 20 June 2021 Next  

All 101 seats in the National Assembly
(plus additional and leveling seats)
Turnout49.37%
PartyLeaderVote %Seats+/–
Civil Contract Nikol Pashinyan 53.9571−11
Armenia Alliance Robert Kocharyan 21.1129New
I Have Honor Alliance Arthur Vanetsyan 5.227New
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Prime Minister beforePrime Minister after
Nikol Pashinyan (Interim)
My Step Alliance
Nikol Pashinyan
Civil Contract

Snap parliamentary elections were held in Armenia on 20 June 2021. The elections had initially been scheduled for 9 December 2023, but were called earlier due to a political crisis following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War and an alleged attempted coup in February 2021. [1]

Contents

Nikol Pashinyan, who had served as prime minister since 2018, resigned in April 2021 and subsequently the seventh National Assembly was dissolved on 10 May. [2] Pashinyan continued to serve as acting prime minister until the elections were held. Following the election, Pashinyan's Civil Contract party received 54% of the vote and won 71 seats, a majority in the 107-seat parliament. The opposition Armenia Alliance, finished second with 29 seats, while the I Have Honor Alliance won 7 seats. No other party or alliance surpassed the electoral threshold required to win a seat. The opposition claimed there had been electoral fraud during the elections, [3] while the OSCE assessed the election as meeting international standards and described it as; "marred by increasingly inflammatory rhetoric" but was "positive overall." [4]

Background

After six weeks of war with Azerbaijan, on 9 November 2020 prime minister Nikol Pashinyan, president of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev and Russian president Vladimir Putin reached and signed a ceasefire agreement. [5] Following the announcement of this deal, violent protests erupted in Yerevan. The National Assembly was stormed and its speaker Ararat Mirzoyan was beaten by an angry mob. [6]

Pashinyan faced continuous calls for his resignation and mass rallies calling for him to step down. [7] On 25 February 2021 the Chief of the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces Onik Gasparyan and more than 40 other top-ranking generals demanded Pashinyan's resignation, which Pashinyan described as a coup attempt, causing a political crisis that ended with Gasparyan's dismissal. [8]

On 25 April 2021 Pashinyan announced his formal resignation, prompting the dissolution of the National Assembly and the call for snap elections on 20 June of that year. [9]

Electoral system

The members of the unicameral National Assembly were elected by party-list proportional representation. The number of seats was set at a minimum of 101, which could rise when allocation of additional seats is required. Seats were allocated using the d'Hondt method with an election threshold of 5% for parties and 7% for multi-party alliances. [10] [11] However, a minimum of three political groups would be awarded seats enter parliament regardless of the performance of the third-best performing party or alliance. [12]

Four seats were reserved for national minorities (Assyrians, Kurds, Russians and Yazidis), with parties having separate lists for the four groups. [11] A gender quota required any top section of a party list to include at least 33% candidates of each gender. [13]

If a party received a majority of the vote but wins less than 54% of the seats, they would be awarded additional seats to give them 54% of the total. If one party won over two-thirds of the seats, the losing parties which passed the electoral threshold would be given extra seats reducing the share of seats of the winning party to two-thirds. If a government is not formed within six days of the preliminary results being released, a run-off round between the top two parties must be held on the 28th day. The party that won the run-off would be given the additional seats required for a 54% majority, with all seats allocated in the first round preserved. [11]

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the Electoral Code did not provide for mail-in voting or early voting. [14]

Schedule

Participating parties and alliances were required to submit applications with all supporting documentation by 18:00 on 26 May. The electoral lists of the political parties and alliances of parties were registered by 31 May. [15]

The official election campaign took place from 7 to 18 June. [16] Voting took place on 20 June from 8am to 8pm. [17]

Participating political forces

Four alliances and 23 parties submitted documents to the Central Electoral Commission (CEC) in order to register for the elections. [18] This is a significant increase in the number of parties competing, as only nine parties and two alliances had competed in the parliamentary elections held two years earlier. [19] Several of the parties and all of the alliances were established in 2020 or 2021, following Armenia's defeat in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. In total, four alliances and 23 parties participated in the election. [20]

Ballot numberName of Party or AllianceAllied parties (candidates each)Candidate for Prime MinisterKey figures, other candidatesDomestic policyGeopolitical orientationIdeology b Open to coalition withNumber of candidates (main list + minority list - denied registration) d
Civil Contract? c Armenia Alliance? c
1. Fair Armenia Party
«Արդար Հայաստան» կուսակցություն
Norayr Norikyan Centrist Pro-European, Pro-Russian Big tent, economic liberalism yesyes85+0-1
2. Armenian National Congress Party (HAK)
«Հայ Ազգային Կոնգրես» Կուսակցություն
Levon Ter-Petrosyan (former President, 1991–98)Levon Zurabyan Centrist Pro-European, Pro-Western, Pro-Russian Social liberalism no [21] yes [22] 101+3-0
3. Civil Contract
«Քաղացիական պայմանագիր» կուսակցություն
United Labor Party,
Mighty Homeland Party
Nikol Pashinyan (incumbent Prime Minister, since 2018) Ararat Mirzoyan, Lilit Makunts, Suren Papikyan, Khachatur Sukiasyan Centrist Pro-European, Pro-Western, Pro-Russian Liberalism, populism, reformism, anti-corruption N/Ano157+4-0
4.Awakening National Christian Party
«Զարթոնք» ազգային քրիստոնեական կուսակցություն
Ara Zohrabyan Centre-right Christian democracy maybe101+0-9
5. Freedom Party
«Ազատություն» կուսակցություն
Hrant Bagratyan Modern liberalism [23] no [24] yes86+0-3
6. I Have Honor Alliance a
«Պատիվ ունեմ» դաշինք
Republican Party (137), Homeland Party (45) Artur Vanetsyan Serzh Sargsyan (former president, 2008–18), Taron Margaryan Right Pro-Russian National conservatism, Armenian nationalismnoyes230+0-0
7. United Homeland Party
«Միասնական Հայրենիք» կուսակցություն
Lusine AvagyanMher Terteryan Pro-Russian Armenian nationalism88+0-0
8. All-Armenian National Statehood Party
«Համահայկական ազգային պետականություն» (ՀԱՊ) կուսակցություն
Artur Vardanyan82+0-0
9. Bright Armenia Party (LHK)
«Լուսավոր Հայաստան» կուսակցություն
Edmon Marukyan Gevorg Gorgisyan, David Khazhakyan, Ani Samsonyan Centrist Pro-Western, Pro-European Classical liberalism Against any coalition if candidate for PM is Pashinyan or Kocharyan.

May be open to coalition with either of them if Marukyan is candidate.

107+0-0
10. Armenia is Our Home Party
«Մեր տունը Հայաստանն է» կուսակցություն
Alliance Party Tigran Urikhanyan Ara Abrahamyan Centrist Pro-Russian improbablemaybe88+0-0
11. Republic Party
«Հանրապետություն» կուսակցություն
Aram Z. Sargsyan Artak Zeynalyan Centrist Pro-Western, Pro-European Conservative liberalism yesno (only in state of war [25] )103+0-0
12. Homeland of Armenians Party
«Հայոց Հայրենիք» կուսակցություն
Artak GalstyanVardan Ghukasyan91+0-1
13. Free Homeland Alliance a
«Ազատ Հայրենիք» դաշինք
Union for National Self-Determination (23),
Armenian Constructive Party (21),
Conservative Party (8),
National Democrats Union (7),
Green Party (6)
Andreas Ghukasyan Mikael Hayrapetyan, Paruyr Hayrikyan, Arshak Sadoyan Pro-Western, Pro-European, Anti-Russian nono83+0-2
14. Prosperous Armenia Party (BHK)
«Բարգավաճ Հայաստան» կուսակցություն
Gagik Tsarukyan Arman Abovyan Centre-right Pro-Russian Conservatism, Euroscepticism improbablemaybe93+3-1
15. Democratic Party of Armenia
Հայաստանի դեմոկրատական կուսակցություն
Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (4) Tigran Arzakantsyan e Aram G. Sargsyan Left Pro-Russian Democratic socialism maybe88+0-2
16. 5165 National Conservative Movement Party
«5165 ազգային պահպանողական շարժում» կուսակցություն
Karin Tonoyan Armenian nationalism95+0-0
17. Citizen's Decision Social-Democratic Party
«Քաղաքացու որոշում սոցիալ դեմոկրատական» կուսակցություն
Suren Sahakyan Left Social democracy, environmentalism, direct democracy maybe
18. Shirinyan-Babajanyan Alliance of Democrats a
«Շիրինյան- Բաբաջանյան ժողովրդավարների դաշինք» դաշինք
Christian-Democratic Rebirth Party (48),
For The Republic Party (38)
Arman Babajanyan Levon Shirinyan, Stepan Safaryan Pro-Western, Pro-European Liberalism maybeimprobable90+0-1
19. National Agenda Party
«Ազգային օրակարգ» կուսակցություն
Ara Hakobyan Centre-right Pro-Russian Armenian nationalism, Armenia-Artsakh unificationnomaybe84+0-1
20. Rise Party
«Վերելք» կուսակցություն
Aleksan MinasyanArmenian nationalismimprobablemaybe81+0-0
21. Liberal Party
«Ազատական» կուսակցություն
Samvel Babayan Pro-European Liberalism 80+0-0
22. Armenian Eagles Unified Armenia Party
«Հայոց Արծիվներ Միասնական Հայաստան» կուսակցություն
Khachik AsryanArmenian nationalism86+0-0
23. European Party of Armenia (EPA)
«Հայաստանի Եվրոպական» կուսակցություն
Tigran Khzmalyan Ruben Hakhverdyan Centrist Pro-Western, Pro-European, Anti-Russian Liberalism maybeimprobable90+0-1
24. Armenia Alliance a
«Հայաստան» դաշինք
ARF (78),
Reborn Armenia (29),
One Armenia (1)
Robert Kocharyan (Former President, 1998–2008) Vahe Hakobyan, Armen Rustamyan, Seyran Ohanyan, Artsvik Minasyan Centre-left Pro-Russian Armenian nationalism noN/A153+3-0
25. National Democratic Pole
«Ազգային-ժողովրդավարական բևեռ» կուսակցություն
Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party, National Progress Party of Armenia Vahe Gasparyan Jirair Sefilian, Varuzhan Avetisyan Pro-Western, Pro-European, Anti-Russian Armenian nationalismimprobableimprobable114+0-4
26. Sovereign Armenia Party
«Ինքնիշխան Հայաստան» կուսակցություն
Davit Sanasaryan Centrist Pro-Western, Pro-European nono85+1-0

Notes:

Declined participation or failed to register

The Christian-Democratic Rebirth Party decided to withdraw its application to participate in the elections as an independent entity; instead the party participated as a part of the Shirinyan-Babajanyan Alliance of Democrats. [27]

On 21 April, the Free Democrats confirmed they would participate in the elections, but ultimately, failed to register. [28]

On 7 June leader of the Armenian Eagles Unified Armenia Party, Khachik Asryan, said that his party is terminating their election campaign and won't participate in elections. He called to cancel elections at large until the border regions of Armenia are liberated from Azerbaijani occupation. [29]

The Democratic Way Party boycotted the election, claiming the election would be rigged. [30]

The Democratic Consolidation Party did not participate in the elections stating that the threat of war should be a more serious concern to Armenia. [31]

The Heritage party decided not to participate to prevent the reelection of Nikol Pashinyan. [32]

Endorsements

Armenian National Congress
Individuals
Armenia Alliance
Individuals
Political parties
I Have Honor Alliance
Individuals
Political parties
Bright Armenia
Individuals
European Party of Armenia
Individuals

Opinion polls

DatePollster Armenia Alliance My Step / CC I'm honored / RPA PAP Bright Armenia FD Republic NDP / ST ARF
11-18 June Gallup International Armenia 28.725.210.85.45.2-2.60.7-
31 May-16 June Armenian Election Study 122412--22-
6-10 June 2021 Gallup International Armenia 24.123.87.43.73.1-2.30.8-
31 May - 4 June 2021 Gallup International Armenia 20.622.43.94.22.9-2.11.5-
25–28 May 2021 Gallup International Armenia 17.522.92.73.82.3-2.81.7-
18–21 May 2021 Gallup International Armenia 14.3

34 seats (33+1)

32% seats

24.8

61 seats (58+3) [43]

58% seats

3.14.1

10 seats

9.5% seats

2.0-2.51-
23–27 Apr 2021 Gallup International Armenia 8.127.21.83․71.8--1.11.1
26–29 Mar 2021 Gallup International Armenia 5.931.72.44.42.7-0.40.52.1
8 April–4 May 2021 IRI/Breavis -261111111
15–17 Feb 2021 Gallup International Armenia -33.12.24.42.6-0.70.42.2
8–16 Feb 2021 IRI/Breavis -33131--11
10–27 June 2020 Gallup International Armenia -551.465--0.11.8
9 Nov–1 Dec 2019 Gallup International Armenia -61.31.514.23.9--1.12.5
20 Sep–13 Oct 2019 IRI/Breavis -55419611-3
6–31 May 2019 IRI/Breavis -595124--14
30 Apr–9 May 2019 Gallup International Armenia -601.611.94.6--1.211.6
9 Dec 2018 Parliamentary elections 70.424.708.266.372.00

Conduct

Eight monitoring missions, including from the OSCE/ODIHR and the CIS registered to observe the elections. [44] A total of 250 short-term observers arrived from the ODHIR [45] and 70 observers from various CIS countries, monitored the elections. [46]

There were 8 monitoring missions in the 2018 parliamentary elections [47] and 6 missions in the 2017 parliamentary elections. [48]

Results

In the evening of 20 June Tigran Mukuchyan, head of the Central Electoral Commission, announced the preliminary results; Pashinyan's Civil Contract party was leading with 58.5 percent of the vote and 72 seats of the National Assembly, 16 less than in 2018, while former president Robert Kocharyan's Armenia Alliance had 18.8 percent with 27 seats. [12] The third political force was I Have Honor Alliance, with 5.23 percent and 6 seats. [12] [note 1]

Acting prime minister Nikol Pashinyan claimed victory in the snap election but moments later Kocharyan's alliance rejected the outcome, saying it would not recognize the results until alleged voting irregularities were addressed. Meanwhile, Tigran Mukuchyan stated "On the whole, the election was conducted in accordance with the country's legislation." [49]

President Armen Sarkissian called on his compatriots to remain peaceful, because it would be unacceptable to "overstep political and moral boundaries, escalate the situation and foment hatred and enmity". [12]

On 21 June the Central Electoral Commission confirmed the results. [50]

Amid speculation that the elected Armenia Alliance deputies would not accept the position in an attempt to boycott parliament, on 22 June Kocharyan stated in an interview that he believed they should accept it but "I don't see myself in the parliament because I am more of an executive". At the same time, he affirmed that the alliance would soon submit to the Constitutional Court a report proving the existence of violations of the electoral procedure. He also acknowledged that the cause of his defeat could be the lack of work during the campaign in rural areas. [51]

Armenie Assemblee nationale 2021.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Civil Contract 688,76153.9571–11
Armenia Alliance 269,48121.1129New
I Have Honor Alliance 66,6505.227New
Prosperous Armenia 50,4443.950–26
Hanrapetutyun Party 38,7583.0400
Armenian National Congress 19,6911.5400
Shirinyan-Babajanyan Alliance of Democrats 19,2121.5000
National Democratic Pole 18,9761.490New
Bright Armenia 15,5911.220–18
5165 National Conservative Movement Party 15,5491.220New
Liberal Party 14,9361.170New
Homeland of Armenians Party 13,1301.030New
Armenia is Our Home 12,1490.950New
Democratic Party of Armenia 5,0200.3900
Awakening National Christian Party 4,6190.360New
Free Homeland Alliance 4,1190.320New
Sovereign Armenia Party 3,9150.310New
Fair Armenia Party 3,9140.310New
Citizen's Decision 3,7750.3000
European Party of Armenia 2,4400.190New
Freedom Party 1,8440.1400
Rise Party 1,2330.100New
United Homeland Party 9640.080New
All-Armenian National Statehood Party 8030.060New
National Agenda Party 7190.060New
Total1,276,693100.00107–25
Valid votes1,276,69399.63
Invalid/blank votes4,6820.37
Total votes1,281,375100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,595,33449.37
Source: news.am, CEC, Hetq

Reactions

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Armenia and Diaspora

See also

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