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All 62 directly elected seats in the National Assembly (and up to 8 BLS seats) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Constitution |
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General elections were held in Mauritius on 10 November 2024. [1] The election was called after the government reached a deal with the United Kingdom to end the Chagos Archipelago dispute. Shortly before the election, a wire-tapping scandal surfaced. The government responded by implementing a social media ban that was to last until after the election but was instead lifted a day later following public outcry. [2] Alliances that contested the election include Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth's Alliance Lepep and former Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam's Alliance du Changement. Key campaign issues included the cost of living, crime and corruption. A total of 1,002,857 registered voters were eligible to vote. Votes were counted on 11 November, with turnout at 79%. [3]
Alliance du Changement won the election in a landslide, [4] winning all but one of the country's 21 constituencies. Jugnauth conceded defeat shortly after vote counting began. [5] It was the largest margin of victory since 1995. Four unsuccessful candidates were appointed through the Best Loser System, including two from Alliance Lepep. Due to the plurality block voting system with panachage, total votes exceed the total number of registered electors.
At the 2019 snap election, the governing Mauritian Alliance, led by Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth, won re-election, securing 42 seats. The opposition National Alliance, led by former Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam, won 17 seats. Former Prime Minister Paul Bérenger's Mauritian Militant Movement secured nine, and the Rodrigues People's Organisation retained its two seats. [6] [7] Jugnauth succeeded his father, Anerood Jugnauth, as prime minister in 2017, which was met with accusations of nepotism by the opposition. [8] Observers attributed the government's victory to economic growth and the commencement of infrastructure projects. The opposition and civil society groups alleged irregularities, including reports of misplaced ballots and inadequately trained election workers. [9]
After the election, Surendra Dayal, who unsuccessfully contested Prime Minister Jugnauth's constituency of Quartier Militare and Moka, [10] filed a lawsuit seeking to overturn the constituency's result. Dayal claimed that Jugnauth and the other two successful candidates, who were also from the Mauritian Alliance, had engaged in bribery and undue influence to win their seats. The case was dismissed on appeal in 2023. [11]
In October 2024, a wire-tapping scandal broke out; the phone calls of numerous journalists, politicians, civil society members and foreign diplomats were reportedly tapped and leaked on the internet. Prime Minister Jugnauth and the Mauritius Police Force claimed that artificial intelligence had modified the leaked calls. Journalists affected by the tapping, however, said the calls were authentic. One journalist alleged the government's AI claims were an attempt to deflect attention from the scandal's fallout. [12]
Jugnauth announced an emergency committee would investigate the breach. Citing national security concerns, the government implemented a social media ban on 1 November, to last until the day after the election. Four suspects, including a former CEO of Mauritius Telecom, were arrested that day. The opposition claimed the ban was politically motivated and aimed at preventing the Jugnauth government's defeat at the polls. [13] Following widespread public uproar, the government reversed the ban on 2 November. [14]
On 3 October, the Mauritian government announced an agreement with the United Kingdom had been reached that would end the Chagos Archipelago dispute, subject to a final treaty. The UK would relinquish the archipelago's sovereignty to Mauritius; however, Diego Garcia, which hosts a United States military base, would be leased for 99 years. [15] [16] Jugnauth said the lease would provide Mauritius with "billions of rupees". [17] The deal was met with varied reactions by the exiled Chagossians. While they praised the agreement as a likely step to return to the archipelago, many Chagossians criticised the Mauritian and British governments for failing to include them in the negotiations. [15] Navin Ramgoolam and Paul Bérenger welcomed the transfer of the archipelago but criticised Jugnauth for agreeing to the lease of Diego Garcia. [18] The Linion Moris party accused Jugnauth of using the deal for political gain. [19] The day after the announcement, on 4 October, Jugnauth called the election. [1]
The National Assembly has 62 directly elected members; 60 represent 20 three-seat constituencies, and two are elected from a constituency on the island of Rodrigues. The elections are held using the plurality block vote system with panachage, whereby voters have as many votes as seats available. [20] In what is commonly known as the Best Loser System, should a community fail to win parliamentary representation, the Electoral Supervisory Commission can appoint up to eight unsuccessful candidates from these communities with the most votes. The Electoral Commission divides the electorate into four communities: Hindus, Muslims, Sino-Mauritians and the general population; the latter comprises voters who do not belong to the first three. [21] Unless the president dissolves the National Assembly early, members serve a five-year term. [22]
Eligible candidates and voters are required to be at least 18 years old, citizens of the Commonwealth and have resided in Mauritius for at least two years before the nomination date. [20] A total of 1,002,857 individuals were registered to vote in this election. [23] Public officials stationed in Mauritius but enrolled in constituencies in Rodrigues or Agaléga and vice-versa are eligible to apply for proxy voting. [24] Candidates have to be proficient enough in English to participate in parliamentary procedures and declare which community they belong to. [20] [21] They also require the nomination from at least six electors in their constituency and a deposit to be paid, which is refunded if they obtain at least 10% of the vote. Individuals ineligible to be contestants include those who have committed electoral offences, have served a prison sentence exceeding 12 months, have undisclosed government contracts or have undisclosed bankruptcy. [20]
The candidate nomination deadline was on 22 October. [25] A total of 73 parties were registered to contest the election. [26] Two major coalitions announced their participation in the elections: Alliance Lepep, formed in 2014 and led by Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth, and Ramgoolam's Alliance du Changement, formed shortly before the nomination day. [25] [27] In addition to Jugnauth's Militant Socialist Movement, other member parties of Alliance Lepep include Parti Mauricien Social Démocrate, Muvman Liberater, Plateforme Militante and Muvman Patriot Morisien. [25] Parties in Alliance du Changement included Ramgoolam's Labour Party, former Prime Minister Paul Bérenger's Mauritian Militant Movement, Rezistans ek Alternativ and the New Democrats. [27] A total of 891 candidates contested the election, [28] Alliance Lepep and Alliance du Changement fielded 60 candidates each. There were 514 independent contestants, and the remaining candidates were affiliated with other parties or alliances. [29] As in the 2019 election, the Rodrigues People's Organisation only contested the Rodrigues constituency. [30] [31]
Major alliance | Member parties | Alliance leader | ||
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Alliance Lepep | Militant Socialist Movement | Pravind Jugnauth | ||
Muvman Liberater | ||||
Muvman Patriot Morisien | ||||
Plateforme Militante | ||||
Parti Mauricien Social Démocrate | ||||
Alliance du Changement | Labour Party | Navin Ramgoolam | ||
Mauritian Militant Movement | ||||
New Democrats | ||||
Rezistans ek Alternativ |
Major issues among voters included the cost of living crisis, corruption and crime. Many Mauritians called for government-sponsored rehabilitation and education to combat the rising rates of drug use in the country. A July 2024 Afrobarometer survey showed that Mauritians considered drug addiction and abuse to be the second-most important issue after the cost of living. [32]
Alliance Lepep announced a manifesto on 28 October. The alliance emphasised a commitment to economic reform and social welfare. The bloc proposals included a monthly allowance of 2000 rupees for stay-at-home mothers, the establishment of a fund to assist students from low-income families, and a special tribunal to expedite criminal drug cases. In light of the wire-tapping scandal, the bloc promised the creation of an independent body that would combat phone-tapping. [33] Other initiatives included free prescription medicine and signing a final treaty with the UK to seal the Chagos Islands agreement. [17] It also pledged to finance economic programs using payments made to be made by the UK under the revised agreement over the Chagos Islands. [34]
Alliance du Changement launched a manifesto on 29 October. Proposals included tax exemptions for citizens aged 18 to 28, measures to end fuel shortages, the introduction of a green economy and free public transport. The alliance also pledged to enact electoral reform, including transparent campaign finance laws, a quota ensuring one-third of all party candidates are women, legislation against party switching in parliament, and a Freedom of Information Act. [35] The bloc advocated eliminating income taxes for citizens earning less than 77,000 Mauritian Rupees per month. [36]
The Linion Reform alliance made up of the Linion Moris party and the Reform Party was formed in October 2024. [37] Linion Reform presented itself as an alternative to the Alliance du Changement and Alliance Lepep, with the slogan "neither Navin nor Pravind". Led by Nando Bodha and Roshi Bhadain, Linion Reform called for more transparency and combatting corruption. [38] [2] The alliance sought to abolish the value-added tax and establish a scholarship for individuals aged 35 to 55 seeking to change careers. Bhadain, who resigned from the governing coalition in 2017, criticised his former bloc for an alleged lack of accomplishments in its previous term and claimed the Ramgoolam-led bloc had been an ineffective opposition. [38]
President Prithvirajsing Roopun dissolved parliament and issued the election writ on 4 October. The early dissolution cancelled a by-election in the constituency of Montagne-Blanche/GRSE, which was scheduled for 9 October. [39] [40] The Southern African Development Community sent a delegation to observe the elections. [41] Polling stations were open from 7:00 to 18:00. [34] Vote counting began the day after the election. [39]
Numerous incidents of unrest occurred throughout the country on 9 November, following claims of election fraud on social media. [42] Some election officials were reportedly harassed. [43] Jugnauth, Ramgoolam and Electoral Commissioner Irfan Rahman called for ease of tensions. [44] [45] Jugnauth claimed that Bérenger and Ramgoolam's alleged claims of election rigging had incited the turmoil. The Electoral Commission reported that some election workers had failed to arrive at their designated polling stations due to fears of further unrest. A consultant for the Electoral Commission, Rabin Bhujun, assured that votes were counted according to schedule. A ban of gatherings within 200 metres of counting centres was implemented until the announcement of the official results. [43]
Shortly after the release of early results, which indicated a loss for Alliance Lepep, Jugnauth conceded defeat. [46] Turnout was 79%, the highest since 2010. [47] [48] Alliance du Changement won in a landslide, [49] securing 60 seats and winning 20 of the 21 constituencies, the most lopsided victory since 1995. Alliance Lepep won no constituency seats, with Jugnauth losing in his Quartier Militare and Moka constituency. [48] The Rodrigues People's Organisation secured two seats, winning the Rodrigues constituency. [49] Electoral Commissioner Irfan Rahman announced the appointment of four unsuccessful candidates to parliament through the Best Loser System. Two contestants from Alliance Lepep were selected, securing parliamentary representation for the bloc. The other two appointees were members of Rodrigues-based Alliance Liberation. [50] [49]
Party or alliance | Votes | % | Seats | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cons | BL | Total | ||||||
Alliance du Changement | 1,438,333 | 61.38 | 60 | 0 | 60 | |||
Alliance Lepep | 639,372 | 27.29 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |||
Linion Reform | 116,904 | 4.99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Mouvman Bruneau Laurette | 34,431 | 1.47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Rodrigues People's Organisation | 22,416 | 0.96 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
Alliance Liberation | 20,540 | 0.88 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |||
Mauritian Solidarity Front | 8,870 | 0.38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Mouvman Enn Sel Direction | 2,978 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Parti Malin | 2,224 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Rasanbleman Pou Lavansman Moris | 1,935 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Idéal Démocrate | 1,115 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Lalit | 773 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Rodrigues Movement | 733 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Nouveau Front Politik | 719 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Parti Rodriguais Travailleur Democrate | 468 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Mouvement Zeness Vacoas Phoenix | 423 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Muvman Independantis Rodriguais | 396 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Ene Nouvo Espwar | 271 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Mouvman Verite & Zistis | 264 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Rassemblement Socialiste Mauricien | 259 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Parti Liberale Unioniste Rodriguais | 257 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Mouvement Authentique Mauricien | 241 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Movement Democratic Mauricien | 236 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
NEXTGen | 187 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Parti République | 186 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Les Incorruptibles | 115 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Citizen's Power | 69 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Mouvement Méritocrate | 59 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Parti Pli Rusé | 40 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Independents | 48,431 | 2.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Total | 2,343,245 | 100.00 | 62 | 4 | 66 | |||
Total votes | 795,343 | – | ||||||
Registered voters/turnout | 1,002,857 | 79.31 | ||||||
Source: Le Mauricien [49] |
Referring to the election result, Navin Ramgoolam said that "The power of the people is stronger than a dictatorship". He was congratulated by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. [51] President Prithvirajsing Roopun formally appointed Ramgoolam as prime minister on 12 November, [52] shortly after Jugnauth resigned. [53] Ramgoolam announced that his first act after returning to the premiership was to disassemble Mauritius' "spying system". [54]
The known and sometimes formally documented history of Mauritius begins with its possible discovery by Austronesians under the Austronesian expansion from pre-Han Taiwan, circa 1500 to 1000 BC, and then by Arabs,, followed by Portuguese and its appearance on European maps in the early 16th century. Mauritius was successively colonized by the Netherlands, France and Great Britain, and became independent on 12 March 1968.
Politics of Mauritius takes place in a framework of a parliamentary democracy. The separation of powers is among the three branches of the Government of Mauritius, namely the legislative, the executive and the Judiciary, is embedded in the Constitution of Mauritius. Being a Westminster system of government, Mauritius's unicameral house of parliament officially, the National Assembly, is supreme. It elects the President and the Prime Minister. While the President is voted by a single majority of votes in the house, the Prime Minister is the MP who supports a majority in the house. The President is the Head of State while the prime minister has full executive power and is the Head of Government who is assisted by a council of Ministers. Mauritius has a multi-party system. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Mauritius a "full democracy" in 2022.
Sir Anerood Jugnauth, GCSK, PV, was a Mauritian statesman, politician and barrister who served both as President and Prime Minister of Mauritius. He was Member of Parliament for Piton & Riviere Du Rempart. A central figure of Mauritian politics in the 1980s and 1990s, he was Leader of the Opposition from 1976 to 1982. He served four consecutive terms as prime minister from 1982 to 1995 and again from 2000 to 2003. He was then elected as President from 2003 to 2012. Following his party's victory in the 2014 general elections, he served his sixth and final term as prime minister, becoming the nation's longest serving prime minister with more than 18 years of tenure, overtaking Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, who held the office for 14 years.
Paul Raymond Bérenger is a Mauritian politician who was Prime Minister of Mauritius from 2003 to 2005. He has been Leader of the Opposition on several occasions – from 1983 to 1987, 1997 to 2000, 2005 to 2006, 2007 to 2013, October 2013 to 15 September 2014, and again from December 2014 to December 2016 when he was replaced by Xavier-Luc Duval. Following his party's defeat in the 2014 general elections, he became Leader of the Opposition for the sixth time, making him the longest ever to serve in this constitutional position. He was also deputy prime minister from 1995 to 1997 and again from 2000 to 2003, and he was a cabinet minister in the government of Anerood Jugnauth in 1982 and 1991. Bérenger, a Christian of Franco-Mauritian descent, has been the only non-Hindu prime minister of Mauritius, or, more particularly, the only prime minister who has not belonged to the Jugnauth or Ramgoolam families.
The Mauritian Militant Movement is a left-wing socialist political party in Mauritius. The party was founded by a group of students in the late 1960s. The MMM advocates a "fairer" society, without discrimination on the basis of social class, race, community, caste, religion, gender or sexual orientation.
Since 1967, Mauritius has experienced 13 free and fair democratic general elections to choose a government.
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Navinchandra Ramgoolam is the current Prime Minister of Mauritius for the fourth time following the 2024 general election, after the landslide victory of his coalition Alliance du Changement. Ramgoolam's coalition defeated the previously ruling Militant Socialist Movement that formed the Alliance Lepep under the leadership of Pravind Jugnauth. Following Jugnauth's resignation, Ramgoolam was officially appointed Prime Minister by the Maurituan President, Prithvirajsing Roopun. He is also the current leader of the Labour Party.
The Militant Socialist Movement is a centre-left political party in Mauritius. It is the single largest political party in the National Assembly of Mauritius, having won 42 of the 69 seats in the 2019 general elections. It also holds the largest number of seats in all city/town councils through the country with 60 councillors out of 120. The party tends to be more popular amongst Indo-Mauritians.
The prime minister of Mauritius is the head of government of Mauritius. He presides over the Cabinet of Ministers, which advises the president of the country and is collectively responsible to the National Assembly for any advice given and for all action done by or under the authority of any minister in the execution of his office.
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Pravind Kumar Jugnauth is a Mauritian politician who was one of the Prime Ministers of Mauritius, succeeding his father, Aneerood Jugnauth in 2017 where he lead the cabinet until 2019. He became Prime Minister again in 2019 following the victory of his coalition, L'Alliance Morisien, and he held the post until 2024 where he and his party faced a humiliating defeat under the Alliance Lepep coalition. Jugnauth is the leader of the Militant Socialist Movement (MSM) party. He has held a number of ministerial portfolios and also been Leader of the Opposition.
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