2036 in public domain

The literature of T. S. Eliot will enter the public domain in Europe in 2036.

When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform. The following is a list of creators whose works enter the public domain in 2036 under the most common copyright regimes, assuming no further extensions to copyright terms become law in the interim.

Countries with life + 70 years

See also: Creators whose works entered the public domain in countries with life + 50 years in 2016

Except for Belarus (Life + 50 years) ^[1] and Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime. ^{[2] [3]} In addition, several other countries have a limit of 70 years. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator.

Names	Country	Death	Occupation	Notable work
Ahn Eak-tai	South Korea	16 September 1965	Composer	Aegukga , Symphonic Fantasy Korea
Katharine Anthony	United States	20 November 1965	Biographer	The Lambs
Jacques Audiberti	France	10 July 1965	Playwright, poet, novelist
Martin Buber	Austria, Israel	13 June 1965	Philosopher	I and Thou
Thornton W. Burgess	United States	5 June 1965	Children's book author
Winston Churchill	United Kingdom	24 January 1965	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom	The Second World War , A History of the English-Speaking Peoples
Thomas B. Costain	Canada, United States	8 October 1965	Journalist
Maria Dąbrowska	Poland	19 May 1965	Novelist, essayist, playwright	Noce i dnie
T. S. Eliot	United Kingdom, United States	4 January 1965	Poet, essayist, playwright	Works
Eleanor Farjeon	United Kingdom	5 June 1965	Children's writer and poet	"Morning Has Broken"
Lorraine Hansberry	United States	12 January 1965	Journalist, playwright	A Raisin in the Sun
John Davy Hayward	United Kingdom	17 September 1965	Literary editor, bibliophile
Shirley Jackson	United States	8 August 1965	Novelist, short story writer	"The Lottery", Life Among the Savages , The Haunting of Hill House
Randall Jarrell	United States	14 October 1965	Poet, novelist	Pictures from an Institution
Dorothy Kilgallen	United States	8 November 1965	Newspaper columnist and journalist
Percy Lubbock	United Kingdom	1 August 1965	Essayist, critic, biographer
W. Somerset Maugham	United Kingdom	16 December 1965	Novelist, dramatist, short story writer	Works
John Metcalfe	United States	31 July 1965	Novelist, short story writer
Betty Miller	Ireland	24 November 1965	Writer, journalist, novelist
Edgar Mittelholzer	Guyana, United Kingdom	6 May 1965	Novelist
Fan S. Noli	Albania	13 March 1965	Bishop and poet
Park Su-geun	South Korea	6 May 1965	Painter	Woman Pounding Grain, A Wash Place, Old Tree and Woman
Edogawa Ranpo	Japan	28 July 1965	Writer of mystery stories
Syngman Rhee	South Korea	19 July 1965	President of South Korea	The Spirit of Independence
Aksel Sandemose	Denmark, Norway	6 August 1965	Novelist
Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr.	United States	30 October 1965	Historian
Jack Spicer	United States	17 August 1965	Poet
Howard Spring	Wales	3 May 1965	Novelist
T. S. Stribling	United States	8 July 1965	Novelist
Jun'ichirō Tanizaki	Japan	30 July 1965	Novelist
Yoon Yong-ha  [ ko ]	South Korea	23 July 1965	Composer	Barley Field, The Leaf Boat, Gwangbokjeol song

Countries with life + 60 years

See also: Creators whose works entered the public domain in countries with life + 50 years in 2026

In Bangladesh, India, and Venezuela a work enters the public domain 60 years after the creator's death.

Countries with life + 50 years

In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay, a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.

Names	Country	Death	Occupation	Notable work
Alvah Bessie	United States	21 July 1985	Novelist, screenwriter	Objective, Burma!
László Bíró	Hungary	24 October 1985	Journalist, inventor
Heinrich Böll	Germany	16 July 1985	Novelist and Nobel Laureate in Literature
Fernand Braudel	France	27 November 1985	Historian
Hedley Bull	United Kingdom	18 May 1985	Economist
Basil Bunting	United Kingdom	17 April 1985	Poet	"Briggflatts"
Edward Buzzell	United States	11 January 1985	Film director
Lucien Cailliet	France	3 January 1985	Composer, arranger, conductor
Taylor Caldwell	United States	30 August 1985	Novelist	Dynasty of Death
Mihail Celarianu	Romania	5 December 1985	Poet, novelist
James Hadley Chase	United Kingdom	6 February 1985	Thriller novelist
Radha Krishna Choudhary	India	15 March 1985	Historian, philosopher
Sigerson Clifford	Ireland	1 January 1985	Poet, playwright, civil servant
Lester Cole	United States	15 August 1985	Screenwriter
Nikos Engonopoulos	Greece	31 October 1985	Poet
Robert Graves	United Kingdom	7 December 1985	Novelist, poet, critic
Leonard Gribble	United Kingdom	27 September 1985	Novelist	The Arsenal Stadium Mystery
Geoffrey Grigson	United Kingdom	25 November 1985	Poet, critic
Carl Joachim Hambro	Norway	19 February 1985	Novelist, essayist, philologist
James Hanley	United Kingdom	11 November 1985	Novelist, dramatist	Boy , The Furys
Henry Hathaway	United States	11 February 1985	Filmmaker
Alfred Hayes	United States	14 August 1985	Novelist, poet, screenwriter	"Joe Hill"
Hu Feng	China	8 June 1985	Novelist
Lawrence Hauben	United States	22 December 1985	Screenwriter	One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Talbot Jennings	United States	30 May 1985	Screenwriter	Mutiny on the Bounty
Alex La Guma	South Africa	11 October 1985	Novelist, political activist	A Soviet Journey , Time of the Butcherbird
Philip Larkin	United Kingdom	2 December 1985	Poet	The Whitsun Weddings , High Windows
Saunders Lewis	Wales	1 September 1985	Writer, broadcaster
Karl Julius Marx	Germany	8 May 1985	Composer, music teacher
Uku Masing	Estonia	25 April 1985	Religious philosopher, linguist, writer
Josephine Miles	United States	12 May 1985	Poet, literary critic
Albert Maltz	United States	26 April 1985	Screenwriter
Elsa Morante	Italy	25 November 1985	Novelist	La storia
Robert Nathan	United States	25 May 1985	Novelist, poet	The Bishop's Wife, Portrait of Jennie
D. J. Opperman	South Africa	22 September 1985	Poet
Ernst Orvil	Norway	16 June 1985	Novelist, poet, playwright
John Paxton	United States	7 January 1985	Screenwriter	Crossfire
Leslie Paul	Ireland	8 July 1985	Novelist
Alexis Rannit	Estonia	5 January 1985	Poet, critic
Kate Roberts	Wales	14 April 1985	Writer	Feet in Chains
Denise Robins	United Kingdom	1 May 1985	Romantic novelist
Heinz Roemheld	United States	11 February 1985	Composer
Hilding Rosenberg	Sweden	18 May 1985	Composer, conductor
Fran Ross	United States	17 September 1985	Satirist	Oreo
Morrie Ryskind	United States	24 August 1985	Screenwriter
Carl Schmitt	Germany	7 April 1985	Political theorist
Roger Sessions	United States	16 March 1985	Composer
Paul Smith	United States	25 January 1985	Composer	Incidental scores for The Walt Disney Studios
D. I. Suchianu	Romania	17 April 1985	Essayist, translator, social scientist, film theorist
Diane Thomas	United States	October 21, 1985	Screenwriter	Romancing the Stone
Wanda Tuchock	United States	February 10, 1985	Film director and screenwriter
Elwood Ullman	United States	October 11, 1985	Screenwriter	The Three Stooges films
Hilda Vaughan	Wales	4 November 1985	Novelist, short story writer
Tom Waldman	United States	8 July 1985	Film and television screenwriter
J. M. Wallace-Hadrill	United Kingdom	3 November 1985	Historian
Judah Waten	Australia	29 July 1985	Novelist	Alien Son, Distant Land
John Wexley	United States	4 February 1985	Playright, screenwriter, novelist
E. B. White	United States	1 October 1985	Children's book author, writer on style
Sara Woods	United Kingdom	6 November 1985	Crime fiction writer

Countries with life + 80 years

See also: Works that entered the public domain in countries with life + 70 years in 2026

Spain has a copyright term of life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988. ^[4] In Colombia and Equatorial Guinea, a work enters the public domain 80 years after the creator's death.

Names	Country	Death	Occupation	Notable work
Concha Espina	Spain	19 May 1955	Writer	Bibliography
José Ortega y Gasset	Spain	18 October 1955	Philosopher, Essayist	Works

United States

1940's Best Picture Academy Award winner Rebecca , Alfred Hitchcock's first Hollywood film, will enter the public domain in the United States in 2036.

Under the Copyright Term Extension Act, books published in 1940, films released in 1940, and other works published in 1940 will enter the public domain in 2036. ^[5] Sound recordings published in 1935 and unpublished works whose authors died in 1965 will also enter the public domain.

Notable live-action films entering the public domain in 2036 include Alfred Hitchcock's Best Picture Academy Award winner Rebecca starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine, John Ford's adaptation of The Grapes of Wrath with Henry Fonda, George Cukor's The Philadelphia Story with Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn, Kitty Foyle starring Ginger Rogers, William Wyler's The Westerner with Gary Cooper, Preston Sturges' The Great McGinty , Walter Lang's Tin Pan Alley , Jack Conway's Boom Town with Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy, Charlie Chaplin's satirical comedy The Great Dictator , Cecil B. DeMille's North West Mounted Police , Busby Berkeley's Strike Up the Band with Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, The Fighting 69th starring James Cagney, Michael Curtiz's Santa Fe Trail with Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland, the British film The Thief of Bagdad (which is notable for its innovative use of the chroma key process), and Abbott and Costello's first film One Night in the Tropics . Significant animated films entering the public domain include Walt Disney's Pinocchio and Fantasia , A Wild Hare which launched the career of Bugs Bunny, Knock Knock with the debut of Woody Woodpecker, the first Tom and Jerry cartoon Puss Gets the Boot (with the characters under their initial identities as "Jasper and Jinx"), the Looney Tunes cartoon You Ought to Be in Pictures with Porky Pig and Daffy Duck, and the Donald Duck cartoon Mr. Duck Steps Out which marked the debut of the character Daisy Duck, the last member of Disney's "Sensational Six" to enter the public domain.

Among the literary works entering the public domain are Agatha Christie's crime novel Sad Cypress , Carson McCullers' novel The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter , Ernest Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls , Raymond Chandler's novel Farewell, My Lovely , Graham Greene's novel The Power and the Glory , Richard Wright's novel Native Son , Bertolt Brecht's play Mr Puntila and his Man Matti in its original German, Dr. Seuss's Horton Hatches the Egg introducing its titular elephant character, and the first issues of science fiction magazine Fantastic Novels . The earliest iterations of DC Comics' characters Robin, The Joker, The Flash, and the Green Lantern will also enter the public domain.

Works of art entering the public domain include Fougasse's propaganda poster series Careless Talk Costs Lives, Salvador Dalí's paintings The Face of War and Slave Market with the Disappearing Bust of Voltaire , Edward Hopper's painting Gas , and Frida Kahlo's painting Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird .

Popular songs entering the public domain in 2036 include "Frenesi", "I'll Never Smile Again", "Only Forever", and "Tuxedo Junction". Additionally, the entry of Pinocchio will bring with it the film's entire soundtrack, including its signature song "When You Wish Upon a Star", the corporate anthem of Disney's company; while that of Fantasia will bring along the "Fantasound" recordings of all the classical pieces used in the film, which were performed by Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra.

See also

• List of American films of 1940
• 1940 in literature
• 1940 in music
• 1965 in literature and 1985 in literature for deaths of writers
• Public Domain Day
• Creative Commons

References

1. Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998
2. "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
3. "EUR-Lex – 32006L0116 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
4. "Áreas de cultura: Propiedad Intelectual – Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
5. Hirtle, Peter B. (3 January 2020). "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States". Cornell University Library Copyright Information Center. Retrieved 17 December 2020.

External links

• Media related to 2036 in public domain at Wikimedia Commons
• "Authors by Year of Death – 1965". AuthorAndBookInfo.com.
• Popular Books of 1940 at Goodreads