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When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform. The following is a list of creators whose works enter the public domain in 2031 under the most common copyright regimes, assuming no further extensions to copyright terms become law in the interim.
Except for Belarus (Life + 50 years) [1] and Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime. [2] [3] In addition, several other countries have a limit of 70 years. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator.
| Names | Country | Death | Occupation | Notable work |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chris van Abkoude | 2 January 1960 | Writer, Novelist | Pietje Bell | |
| Vai. Mu. Kothainayaki Ammal | 20 February 1960 | Novelist | ||
| Lady Cynthia Asquith | 31 March 1960 | Author and editor | This Mortal Coil | |
| Rajshekhar Basu | 27 April 1960 | Chemist | ||
| Eric Temple Bell | 21 December 1960 | Mathematician and science fiction writer | ||
| Albert Camus | 4 January 1960 | Philosopher, author | The Stranger | |
| A. Chakravarti | 10 February 1960 | Professor | ||
| Indira Devi Chaudhurani | 12 August 1960 | Musician | ||
| Sudhindranath Dutta | 25 June 1960 | Poet, journalist | ||
| Victor Rousseau Emanuel | 6 April 1960 | Author | ||
| John Russell Fearn | 18 September 1960 | Author | ||
| M. Raghava Iyengar | 1960 | Literary scholar | ||
| Albert Kesselring | 16 July 1960 | General | Soldat bis zum letzten Tag | |
| Jigar Moradabadi | 9 September 1960 | Poet | Yeh Hai Maikada | |
| Bal Krishna Sharma Naveen | 29 April 1960 | Poet, journalist, activist | ||
| Elsie J. Oxenham | 9 January 1960 | Children's novelist | Abbey Series of books | |
| Boris Pasternak | 30 May 1960 | Poet, author | Doctor Zhivago | |
| Eden Phillpotts | 29 December 1960 | Author, poet and dramatist | The Farmer's Wife | |
| Kesari Balakrishna Pillai | 18 December 1960 | Literary critic, journalist | Kesari | |
| Nathuram Premi | 30 January 1960 | Poet, publisher | ||
| Navaratna Rama Rao | 1960 | Political leader, scholar | ||
| Sushila Samad | 10 December 1960 | Poet, journalist | ||
| Sripada Krishnamurty Sastry | 29 December 1960 | Poet | Mahamahopadhyaya | |
| Kshitimohan Sen | 12 March 1960 | Professor | ||
| Acharya Chatursen Shastri | 2 February 1960 | Writer | Dharamputra | |
| Krishnalal Shridharani | 23 July 1960 | Poet, playwright | ||
| Nevil Shute | 12 January 1960 | Aeronautical engineer, novelist | On the Beach | |
| Victor Sjöström | 3 January 1960 | Film director, actor | The Phantom Carriage | |
| C. J. Thomas | 14 July 1960 | Playwright, academic, artist | ||
| Dadasaheb Torne | 19 January 1960 | Film director | Shree Pundalik |
In Bangladesh, India, and Venezuela a work enters the public domain 60 years after the creator's death.
| Names | Country | Death | Occupation | Notable work |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdul Hosein Amini | 3 July 1970 | Theologian | Al-Ghadir | |
| Rita Angus | 25 January 1970 | Painter | Cass | |
| Shmuel Yosef Agnon | 17 February 1970 | Writer | The Bridal Canopy | |
| Fernando Arbello | 26 July 1970 | Musician | ||
| Otto Baecker | 22 May 1970 | Cinematographer | Gold | |
| Archibald Baxter | 10 August 1970 | Socialist, pacifist | We Will Not Cease | |
| William Beaudine | 18 March 1970 | Film director, actor | Boys Will Be Boys | |
| George Blair | 19 April 1970 | Film Director | ||
| R. V. C. Bodley | 26 May 1970 | Army officer, author | Algeria From Within | |
| Louise Bogan | 4 February 1970 | Poet | Body of This Death | |
| Vera Brittain | 29 March 1970 | Writer | Testament of Youth | |
| William J. Brown | 4 February 1970 | Architect | ||
| Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour | 20 April 1970 | Theologian | Works | |
| Dulce Carman | 1970 | Author | Neath the Maori Moon | |
| Rudolf Carnap | 14 September 1970 | Philosopher | Der Logische Aufbau der Welt | |
| Choe Hyeon-bae | 23 March 1970 | Educationalist | Selected publications | |
| Émile Coderre | 6 April 1970 | Poet | Works | |
| Charles Cotton | 29 June 1970 | Geologist | Geomorphology of New Zealand | |
| Mohamed Abdelaziz Djaït | 5 January 1970 | Theologian | Works | |
| William Dobell | 13 May 1970 | Artist | Mr Joshua Smith | |
| Guy Endore | 12 February 1970 | Author, screenwriter | The Werewolf of Paris | |
| E. M. Forster | 7 June 1970 | Writer | Works | |
| Babbis Friis-Baastad | 10 January 1970 | Children's writer | Ikke ta Bamse | |
| Erle Stanley Gardner | 11 March 1970 | Author, lawyer | Perry Mason series of books | |
| Maurice Gemayel | 31 October 1970 | Politician | Tripoli and Decentralization | |
| L. Wolfe Gilbert | 12 July 1970 | Songwriter | Down Yonder | |
| Rube Goldberg | 7 December 1970 | Cartoonist, News reporter, Sculptor, Engineer | ||
| John Gunther | 29 May 1970 | Author | Death Be Not Proud | |
| Muhsin al-Hakim | 1970 | Theologian | Minhaj as-Saleheen | |
| Alice Hamilton | 22 September 1970 | Physician, research scientist | Industrial Poisons in the United States | |
| Lawren Harris | 29 January 1970 | Painter | ||
| Marlen Haushofer | 21 March 1970 | Writer | ||
| Erich Heckel | 27 January 1970 | Artist | Roquairol | |
| Jimi Hendrix | 18 September 1970 | Musician, singer-songwriter | "Purple Haze" | |
| Roman Ingarden | 14 June 1970 | Philosopher | The Literary Work of Art | |
| Michał Kalecki | 18 April 1970 | Economist | Próba teorii koniunktury | |
| William Archibald Mackintosh | 29 December 1970 | Economist | Economic Problems Of The Prairie Provinces | |
| Leopoldo Marechal | 26 June 1970 | Writer | Adam Buenosayres | |
| François Mauriac | 1 September 1970 | Writer | Thérèse Desqueyroux | |
| Bruce McLaren | 2 June 1970 | Racing car driver | Bruce McLaren: From the Cockpit | |
| Yukio Mishima | 25 November 1970 | Novelist, playwright, poet, writer, essayist, critic | Works | |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | 28 September 1970 | Politician | Philosophy of Revolution | |
| Charles Olson | 10 January 1970 | Poet | Works | |
| John Dos Passos | 28 September 1970 | Novelist | U.S.A. trilogy | |
| Waldo Peirce | 8 March 1970 | Painter | Legends of the Hudson | |
| Vladimir Propp | 22 August 1970 | Folklorist | Morphology of the Tale | |
| Alf Prøysen | 23 November 1970 | Musician, Writer, Composer | Works | |
| Erich Maria Remarque | 25 September 1970 | Novelist | All Quiet on the Western Front | |
| Ali Riahi | 27 March 1970 | Musician | ||
| Gonzalo Roig | 13 June 1970 | Composer | Cecilia Valdés | |
| Mark Rothko | 25 February 1970 | Abstract painter | Black on Maroon | |
| Bertrand Russell | 2 February 1970 | Philosopher, mathematician | Principia Mathematica | |
| Nelly Sachs | 12 May 1970 | Poet, Writer | Works | |
| Ruth Sawyer | 3 June 1970 | Writer | Roller Skates | |
| Slim Harpo | 31 January 1970 | Blues Musician | I'm a King Bee | |
| William Stewart Wallace | 11 March 1970 | Historian | Encyclopedia of Canada | |
| Hassan Taqizadeh | 28 January 1970 | Politician | Old Iranian Calendars | |
| Sophie Treadwell | 20 February 1970 | Playwright | Machinal | |
| Jacob Viner | 12 September 1970 | Economist | Works | |
| Otto Heinrich Warburg | 1 August 1970 | Physiologist | The Metabolism of Tumours | |
| Leonard Wild | 23 July 1970 | Agricultural scientist, writer | An Experiment in Self-government, Soils and Manures in New Zealand | |
| Harry M. Woods | 14 January 1970 | Songwriter | When the Red, Red Robin (Comes Bob, Bob, Bobbin' Along) | |
| Abraham Zapruder | 30 August 1970 | Clothing manufacturer | Zapruder film | |
| Mahmoud Zulfikar | 22 May 1970 | Director | Filmography |
In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay, a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.
| Names | Country | Death | Occupation | Notable work |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joy Adamson | 3 January 1980 | Conservationist, writer | Born Free | |
| Todhunter Ballard | 27 December 1980 | Genre novelist | ||
| Roland Barthes | 25 March 1980 | Literary theorist | Mythologies , "The Death of the Author" | |
| Patrick Campbell, 3rd Baron Glenavy | 9 November 1980 | Journalist, humorist | ||
| Alejo Carpentier | 24 April 1980 | Novelist, writer | The Kingdom of this World | |
| Amy Clarke | 20 June 1980 | Mystical poet | ||
| Margaret Cole | 7 May 1980 | Political writer, biographer, activist | ||
| John Collier | 6 April 1980 | Short story writer | ||
| Marc Connelly | 21 December 1980 | Playwright | ||
| Sam Cree | 26 October 1980 | Playwright | ||
| Gareth Evans | 10 August 1980 | Philosopher | ||
| George Sutherland Fraser | 3 January 1980 | Poet, critic | ||
| Romain Gary | 2 December 1980 | Novelist | Les Racines du ciel , La Vie devant soi | |
| Jacky Gillott | 19 September 1980 | Novelist | ||
| Salvator Gotta | 7 June 1980 | Writer | ||
| Traian Herseni | 17 July 1980 | Social scientist, journalist | ||
| P. M. Hubbard | 17 March 1980 | Crime writer | ||
| Idris Jamma' | 27 March 1980 | Poet | ||
| John Lennon | 8 December 1980 | Musician, songwriter, author | Discography | |
| Olivia Manning | 23 July 1980 | Novelist, poet | Fortunes of War | |
| Marshall McLuhan | 31 December 1980 | Philosopher | Works | |
| Carey McWilliams | 27 June 1980 | Author, editor, lawyer | ||
| David Mercer | 8 August 1980 | Dramatist | ||
| Henry Miller | 7 June 1980 | Novelist | Works | |
| Vinicius de Moraes | 9 July 1980 | Poet, songwriter | ||
| Katherine Anne Porter | 18 September 1980 | Novelist, essayist | ||
| Marin Preda | 16 May 1980 | Novelist | Moromeții , Cel mai iubit dintre pământeni | |
| Caradog Prichard | 25 February 1980 | Poet, novelist | Un Nos Ola Leuad | |
| Barbara Pym | 11 January 1980 | Novelist | ||
| Irene Rathbone | 21 January 1980 | Novelist | ||
| Mart Raud | 6 July 1980 | Poet, playwright, writer | ||
| Nelson Rodrigues | 21 December 1980 | Playwright, journalist, novelist | ||
| Jean-Paul Sartre | 15 April 1980 | Philosopher, novelist, dramatist | ||
| Nichita Smochină | 14 December 1980 | Ethnographer, journalist | ||
| C. P. Snow | 1 July 1980 | Novelist, scientist | Strangers and Brothers , The Two Cultures | |
| Eugeniu Ștefănescu-Est | 12 March 1980 | Poet, novelist, cartoonist | ||
| Ben Travers | 18 December 1980 | Playwright, screenwriter, novelist | ||
| Kenneth Tynan | 26 July 1980 | Theater critic | ||
| Marie Under | 25 September 1980 | Poet | ||
| James Wright | 25 March 1980 | Poet | The Branch Will Not Break |
Spain has a copyright term of life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988. [4] In Colombia and Equatorial Guinea, a work enters the public domain 80 years after the creator's death.
| Names | Country | Death | Occupation | Notable work |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henry H. Arnold | 15 January 1950 | General | Published works | |
| Octave-Louis Aubert | 14 January 1950 | Writer, journalist | Le Livre de la Bretagne | |
| Irving Bacheller | 24 February 1950 | Writer, journalist | Eben Holden | |
| Sergei Bakhrushin | 8 March 1950 | Historian | ||
| Miklós Bánffy | 5 June 1950 | Nobleman, politician, writer | A Transylvanian Tale | |
| Pavel Bazhov | 3 December 1950 | Writer | The Malachite Box | |
| Max Beckmann | 27 December 1950 | Painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor | ||
| William Rose Benét | 4 May 1950 | Writer, poet, editor | Saturday Review of Literature , The Reader's Encyclopedia | |
| Lev Berg | 24 December 1950 | Geographer, biologist and ichthyologist | ||
| Ben Black | 26 December 1950 | Composer, lyricist | "Moonlight and Roses" | |
| Léon Blum | 30 March 1950 | Politician | Les Problèmes de la Paix | |
| Ambrogio Bollati | 26 March 1950 | General, Historian | Works | |
| D. K. Broster | 7 February 1950 | Novelist | The Flight of the Heron | |
| Herbert Ashwin Budd | 1950 | Painter | ||
| Joe Burke | 9 June 1950 | Songwriter, Composer, pianist | "Dancing With Tears in My Eyes", "Painting the Clouds With Sunshine", "Rambling Rose", "Tip-Toe Through the Tulips" | |
| Edgar Rice Burroughs | 19 March 1950 | Author of adventure and science fiction | Tarzan and Barsoom | |
| J. Carlos | 2 October 1950 | Cartoonist, illustrator, graphic designer, sculptor | ||
| Basilio Cascella | 24 July 1950 | Artist | Il bagno della pastora | |
| Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao | 7 January 1950 | Painter | ||
| Neville William Cayley | 17 March 1950 | Ornithologist & artist | "What Bird is That?", 1931 | |
| Francesco Cilea | 20 November 1950 | Composer | L'arlesiana and Adriana Lecouvreur | |
| Leôncio Correia (pt) | 19 June 1950 | Lawyer, politician, writer and journalist | ||
| Erle Cox | 20 November 1950 | Journalist and science fiction writer | Out of the Silence | |
| Walter Damrosch | 22 December 1950 | Composer | ||
| Frank Parker Day | 30 July 1950 | Author and academic | ||
| Warwick Deeping | 20 April 1950 | Author | Sorrell and Son | |
| Buddy DeSylva | 11 July 1950 | Songwriter | Avalon, Look For the Silver Lining, Somebody Loves Me | |
| Edward d'Evry | 25 December 1950 | Composer | ||
| Lancelot de Mole | 6 May 1950 | Engineer & inventor | Tracked armoured vehicle, 1911 | |
| Clément Doucet | 15 October 1950 | Composer, pianist | ||
| Anatoly Drozdov (ru) | 10 September 1950 | Composer, pianist | ||
| Theodor Duesterberg | 4 November 1950 | Politician | The Steel Helmet and Hitler | |
| Walter Eucken | 20 March 1950 | Economist | Works | |
| Percy Keese Fitzhugh | 5 July 1950 | Author of children and young adult literature | ||
| Yevgeny Gunst | 30 January 1950 | Composer | ||
| John Gould Fletcher | 10 May 1950 | Poet | Selected Poems | |
| Ernest Haycox | 13 October 1950 | Author of Western fiction | ||
| John Rippiner Heath | 23 December 1950 | Doctor, musician, composer | Three Macedonian Sketches | |
| William Hovgaard | 5 January 1950 | Professor, Writer | Submarine Boats, The Voyages Of The Norsemen To America | |
| Heydar Huseynov | 15 August 1950 | Philosopher | Dialectical Materialism | |
| Rex Ingram | 2 July 1950 | Film director, producer, writer and actor | The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse , The Prisoner of Zenda | |
| George Cecil Ives | 4 June 1950 | Writer, penal reformer | English Prisons Today | |
| Émile Jaques-Dalcroze | 1 July 1950 | Composer, music educator | ||
| Johannes V. Jensen | 25 November 1950 | Author | The Long Journey | |
| Charles L. Johnson | 28 December 1950 | Composer | ||
| Al Jolson | 23 October 1950 | Songwriter | ||
| Eddie Kilfeather | 13 January 1950 | Composer | ||
| Alfred Korzybski | 1 March 1950 | Engineer and founder of Institute of General Semantics | Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics | |
| Sigizmund Krzhizhanovsky | 28 December 1950 | Writer | ||
| Harold Laski | 24 March 1950 | Political theorist, economist | A Grammar of Politics | |
| Harry Lauder | 26 February 1950 | Comedian, Singer/songwriter | Roamin' in the Gloamin' | |
| Lilian Sophia Locke | 1 July 1950 | Suffragette & Trade-unionist | Secretary of the United Council for Woman's Suffrage, 1890s | |
| Heinrich Mann | 11 March 1950 | Writer | Professor Unrat | |
| Edgar Lee Masters | 5 March 1950 | Writer | Spoon River Anthology | |
| F. O. Matthiessen | 1 April 1950 | literary critic | American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman | |
| Marcel Mauss | 10 February 1950 | Sociologist | The Gift | |
| Ernest John Moeran | 1 December 1950 | Composer | ||
| Alfred Edward Moffat | 6 June 1950 | Composer, collector of music | Meister-Schule der alten Zeit | |
| Edna St Vincent Millay | 19 October 1950 | Poet, playwright | Renascence | |
| Ali Moustafa Mosharafa | 16 January 1950 | Theoretical physicist | ||
| Lewis Muir | 19 January 1950 | Songwriter | Ragtime Cowboy Joe | |
| Pavel Muratov | 5 February 1950 | Writer, art historian | Images of Italy | |
| Nikolai Myaskovsky | 8 August 1950 | Composer | Symphony No. 6 (Myaskovsky) | |
| Vaslav Nijinsky | 8 April 1950 | Ballet dancer and choreographer | Diary | |
| George Orwell | 21 January 1950 | Journalist and author | Animal Farm , Nineteen Eighty-Four , and other works | |
| Cesare Pavese | 27 August 1950 | Writer, translator | The Moon and the Bonfires | |
| Max Pemberton | 22 February 1950 | Novelist of adventure and mystery literature | ||
| Octávio Pinto | 31 October 1944 | Composer, architect | ||
| Ernest Poole | 10 January 1950 | Writer | His Family | |
| Gustaf John Ramstedt | 25 November 1950 | Explorer, linguist, diplomat | Seitsemän retkeä itään | |
| R. R. Ryan | 18 October 1950 | Author | ||
| Eliel Saarinen | 1 July 1950 | Architect | Works | |
| Rafael Sabatini | 13 February 1950 | Writer | The Sea Hawk , Scaramouche , The Odissey of Captain Blood , Bellarion the Fortunate | |
| Theophrastos Sakellaridis | 2 January 1950 | Composer, conductor | Ο Βαφτιστικός | |
| Guðjón Samúelsson | 25 April 1950 | Architect | Hallgrímskirkja, National Theatre of Iceland, Akureyrarkirkja | |
| Joseph Schumpeter | 8 January 1950 | Economist | Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy | |
| Milton Schwarzwald | 2 March 1950 | Director, composer | ||
| George Bernard Shaw | 2 November 1950 | Writer | Man and Superman , Pygmalion , Saint Joan | |
| Adaline Shepherd | 12 March 1950 | Composer | ||
| Forrest Shreve | 19 July 1950 | Botanist | Works | |
| Martinus Sieveking | 26 November 1950 | Composer, music teacher | ||
| Jan Smuts | 11 September 1950 | Statesman, military leader, and philosopher | Holism and Evolution | |
| John M. Stahl | 12 January 1950 | Film Director and Producer | Father Was a Fullback | |
| Olaf Stapledon | 6 September 1950 | Philosopher and science fiction author | Star Maker , Last and First Men and Odd John | |
| Henry L. Stimson | 20 October 1950 | Politician | Democracy And Nationalism In Europe | |
| Tatiana Sukhotina-Tolstaya | 21 September 1950 | Painter and memoirist | ||
| Attilio Teruzzi | 26 April 1950 | Politician | Cirenaica Verde | |
| Trilussa | 21 December 1950 | Poet | Works | |
| Orhan Veli Kanık | 14 November 1950 | Poet | Garip, Collected Poems | |
| Xavier Villaurrutia | 25 December 1950 | Poet, Playwright | Works | |
| Archibald P. Wavell | 24 May 1950 | General | Generals And Generalship | |
| Kurt Weill | 3 April 1950 | Composer | The Threepenny Opera | |
| Yi Gwangsu | 25 October 1950 | Writer, independence activist | Heartless |
Under the Copyright Term Extension Act, books published in 1935, films released in 1935, and other works published in 1935 will enter the public domain in 2031. [5] Sound recordings published in 1930 and unpublished works whose authors died in 1960 will also enter the public domain.
Notable films that will enter the public domain in 2031 include Best Picture Academy Award winner Mutiny on the Bounty starring Clark Gable and Charles Laughton, Universal horror films Bride of Frankenstein and Werewolf of London , Alfred Hitchcock's The 39 Steps , John Ford's The Informer with Victor McLaglen, Busby Berkeley's Gold Diggers of 1935 , Max Reinhardt's adaptation of A Midsummer Night's Dream with Olivia de Havilland and James Cagney, Captain Blood with Errol Flynn, George Cukor's adaptation of David Copperfield with Frank Lawton, The Lives of a Bengal Lancer with Gary Cooper, Top Hat starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, the Marx Brothers comedy A Night at the Opera , Naughty Marietta with the first pairing of Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy, The Little Colonel with Shirley Temple and Lionel Barrymore, Will Rogers' final films Steamboat Round the Bend and In Old Kentucky , Tumbling Tumbleweeds with Gene Autry in one of his first starring roles, Henry Fonda's film debut The Farmer Takes a Wife , Hop-Along Cassidy with William Boyd (the first film to star the title character), the musical film Metropolitan (20th Century Fox's first film under that name), Alberto Cavalcanti's Bristis coal mining documentary Coal Face , Boris Barnet's film By the Bluest of Seas , Leni Riefenstahl's Nazi propaganda film Triumph of the Will , the first color Mickey Mouse cartoon The Band Concert as well as the first teamings of Mickey with Donald Duck and Goofy, the Silly Symphony cartoons The Tortoise and the Hare and Three Orphan Kittens , and I Haven't Got a Hat with the debut of the oldest recurring Looney Tunes character, Porky Pig.
Important literary works entering the public domain include Agatha Christie's crime novels Death in the Clouds and Three Act Tragedy , John Steinbeck's novel Tortilla Flat , Mary Poppins Comes Back by P. L. Travers, Christopher Isherwood's novel Mr Norris Changes Trains , Dorothy L. Sayers' detective novel Gaudy Night introducing Lord Peter Wimsey, Georgette Heyer's novel Regency Buck , Sinclair Lewis' It Can't Happen Here , Rex Stout's The League of Frightened Men , Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House on the Prairie , Ernest Hemingway's Green Hills of Africa , T. E. Lawrence's autobiography Seven Pillars of Wisdom , Hardy Boys novel The Hidden Harbor Mystery , Clifford Odets' plays Waiting for Lefty , Awake and Sing! , Till the Day I Die and Paradise Lost , T. S. Eliot's play Murder in the Cathedral , and Yasunari Kawabata's Snow Country in its original Japanese. The earliest appearances of the comic strip character Little Lulu will also enter the public domain.
Works of art entering the public domain include René Magritte's The Portrait and the second version of his Human Condition , Joan Miró's Metamorphosis , Pablo Picasso's Jeune Fille Endormie , and M. C. Escher's lithograph Hand with Reflecting Sphere . The first edition of the board game Monopoly will also enter the public domain.
Examples of notable musical works entering the public domain include the popular songs "Cheek to Cheek", "When I Grow Too Old to Dream", and "Red Sails in the Sunset"; Sergei Prokofiev's Violin Concerto No. 2 ; and George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess .