2000 in public domain

When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of works that entered the public domain in 2000. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform.

Entered the public domain in countries with life + 70 years

With the exception of Belarus (Life + 50 years) and Spain (Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1987), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime. ^{[1] [2]} The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator that entered the public domain on January 1, 2000.

Names	Country	Birth	Death	Occupation	Notable work
Anna Bowman Dodd	United States	21 January 1858	January 1929	novelist, dystopian fiction writer, short story writer, travel writer, political writer	The Republic of the Future , Falaise : the town of the conqueror, In and out of three Normandy inns, The new woman in Turkey : how ancient rights and modern dress protect and improve the lot of Turkish women, Talleyrand : the training of a statesman, 1754-1838
Leonard Cline	United States	11 May 1893	c. 15 January 1929	novelist, horror fiction writer, poet, short story writer, journalist, and translator	The Dark Chamber , God Head, Listen, Moon!, The Lady of Frozen Death and Other Weird Tales
Hans Prutz	Germany	20 May 1843	29 January 1929	historian, medievalist	Kaiser Friedrich I., Quellenbeiträge zur Geschichte der Kreuzzüge, Kulturgeschichte der Kreuzzüge, Staatengeschichte des Abendlandes Im Mittelalter, Entwickelung und Untergang des Tempelherrenordens
Charlotte Carmichael Stopes	United Kingdom	5 February 1840	6 February 1929	Shakespearean scholar, women's rights activist	British Freewomen: Their Historical Privilege, The Bacon/Shakespeare Question, Shakespeare's Family, Shakespeare's Warwickshire Contemporaries, Burbage and Shakespeare's Stage, The Sphere of 'Man' in Relation to that of 'Woman' in the Constitution, The Life of Henry, Third Earl of Southampton
Auguste Groner	Austria	16 April 1850	7 March 1929	writer of detective fiction, juvenile fiction, and historical fiction	The Case of the Pocket Diary Found in the Snow, The Golden Bullet, How I Was Murdered, Why she extinguished the light, The Pharaoh's Bracelet, The Secret of the Hermitage
Grace Rhys	Ireland	12 July 1865	15 March 1929	novelist, historical fiction writer, essayist	Mary Dominic, The Charming of Estercel, The Wooing of Sheila, Five Beads on a String
Katharine Lee Bates	United States	12 August 1859	28 March 1929	social reformer, poet, lyricist, textbook writer, diarist	America the Beautiful , Goody Santa Claus on a Sleigh Ride, Yellow Clover: A Book of Remembrance, The English Religious Drama, The Story of Chaucer's Canterbury Pilgrims, An Autobiography, in Brief, of Katharine Lee Bates
Santeri Nuorteva	Soviet Union	29 June 1881	31 March 1929	journalist, magazine editor, politician	claimed writer of the forged Sisson Documents , English translator of Letter to American Workers by Vladimir Lenin, editor of the daily newspaper Toveri(The Comrade) and the monthly magazine Säkeniä (The Spark)
Flora Annie Steel	United Kingdom	2 April 1847	12 April 1929	novelist, short story writer, education reformer, popular historian	On the Face of the Waters , The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook , English Fairy Tales , From the Five Rivers, Tales of the Punjab, India through the ages; a popular and picturesque history of Hindustan, Mistress of Men
John Morris-Jones	United Kingdom	17 October 1864	16 April 1929	grammarian, academic, poet, and translator	Welsh Orthography, A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative: phonology and accidence, editor of the manuscript collection The Elucidarium and other tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr agkyr Llandewivrevi A.D. 1346
Lucy Clifford	United Kingdom	2 August 1846	21 April 1929	novelist, horror fiction writer, playwright and journalist	The New Mother , Mrs. Keith's Crime, Love Letters of a Worldly Woman, A Flash of Summer: The Story of a Simple Woman's Life, A Long Duel: A Serious Comedy, A Woman Alone
Mary E. Mann	United Kingdom	14 August 1848	19 May 1929	novelist, short story writer, playwright	Tales of Dulditch, The Patten Experiment, Little Brother, The Victim, Confessions of a Coward and Coquette. Being the record of a short period of her life as told by herself., There was once a Prince, Out in Life's Rain, The memories of Ronald Love
Bliss Carman	Canada	15 April 1861	8 June 1929	poet, one of the Confederation Poets	Sappho: One Hundred Lyrics , Songs From Vagabondia, A Seamark: A Threnody for Robert Louis Stevenson, Ballads of Lost Haven: A Book Of The Sea, By The Aurelian Wall: And Other Elegies, Pipes Of Pan: From the Book of Myths, The Rough Rider: And Other Poems, The Dead Faun
Vedam Venkataraya Sastry	India	21 December 1853	18 June 1929	dramatist, poet, literary critic, translator, and dictionary editor	Usha Parinayam , chief editor of the dictionary Suryaraya Andhra Nighantuvu
Ellen Thorneycroft Fowler	United Kingdom	9 April 1860	22 June 1929	writer of romances and children's literature, poet	Verses Grave and Gay, Concerning Isabel Carnaby, Fuel of Fire, Place and Power, Kate of Kate Hall, Miss Fallowfield's Fortune, Her Ladyship's Conscience
Georges Courteline	France	25 June 1858	25 June 1929	dramatist, novelist, satirist, literary reviewer	Les Gaités de l'escadron, Les Femmes d'amis, Ombres Parisiennes, Hortense, couche-toi!, Godefroy
Edward Carpenter	United Kingdom	29 August 1844	28 June 1929	philosopher, utopian socialist, poet, travel writer, activist and advocate for gay rights, sexual liberation, prison reform, vegetarianism, and the Christ myth theory	Civilisation: Its Cause and Cure, Simplification of Life, Towards Democracy, From Adam's Peak to Elephanta: Sketches in Ceylon and India, Pagan and Christian Creeds, Moses: A Drama in Five Acts, Homogenic Love and Its Place in a Free Society
Hugo von Hofmannsthal	Austria	1 January 1874	15 July 1929	novelist, librettist, poet, dramatist, essayist, and screenwriter. A member of the Modernist literary group Young Vienna	Jedermann , The Lord Chandos Letter , the screenplay for the film Der Rosenkavalier (1926), the libretti for the operas Elektra , Der Rosenkavalier , Ariadne auf Naxos , Die Frau ohne Schatten , Die ägyptische Helena , and Arabella (1933)
José de Castro	Portugal	7 April 1868	31 July 1929	lawyer, journalist, politician, prime minister of Portugal in 1915	redactor of the newspaper O Districto da Guarda, founder of the republican newspaper O Povo Português
Mary MacLane	United States	1 May 1881	c. 6 August 1929	memoirist, screenwriter	The Story of Mary MacLane, My Friend Annabel Lee, I, Mary Maclane: A Diary of Human Days, the screenplay for her autobiographical film Men Who Have Made Love to Me (1918)
Rainis	Latvia	11 September 1865	11 September 1929	playwright, translator, poet, and politician	Uguns un nakts (Fire and Night), Indulis un Ārija (Indulis and Ārija), Iļja Muromietis (Ilya Muromets), Rīgas ragana (The Witch of Riga), Zelta Zirgs (The Golden Horse)
Francis Darwin	United Kingdom	16 August 1848	19 September 1929	botanist, literary editor	The Power of Movement in Plants , an expanded second edition of Insectivorous Plants , The Practical Physiology of Plants, Elements of Botany, Rustic Sounds and Other Studies in Literature and Natural History
Arno Holz	Germany	26 April 1863	October 1929	Naturalist poet, dramatist	Phantasus, Buch der Zeit (book of time), Papa Hamlet, Die Familie Selicke, Change in Dramatic Time
Max Lehmann	Germany	19 May 1845	8 October 1929	historian, specialist in military history	Das Aufgebot zur Heerfahrt Ottos II nach Italien (Otto II's military expedition in Italy), Der Krieg von 1870 bis zur Einschliessung von Metz (The War of 1870 up to the encirclement of Metz), Friedrich der Grosse und der Ursprung des siebenjärigen Krieges (Frederick the Great and the origin of the Seven Years' War), Die Erhebung von 1813 (The uprising of 1813)
Alexandru Davila	Romania	12 February 1862	19 October 1929	dramatist, memoirist, diplomat, public administrator, and police inspector	Vlaicu Vodă, Din torsul zilelor
Olav Aukrust	Norway	21 January 1883	3 November 1929	Romantic poet, teacher	Himmelvarden
Harry Crosby	United States	4 June 1898	10 December 1929	poet, diarist, and publisher. A member of the Lost Generation of expatriate writers, and co-founder of the publishing company Black Sun Press	Sonnets for Caresse, Red Skeletons, Chariot of the Sun, Shadows of the Sun, Transit of Venus, Mad Queen, Sleeping Together, Aphrodite in Flight: Being Some Observations on the Aerodynamics of Love, Collected Poems of Harry Crosby, War Letters
Ella M. S. Marble	United States	10 August 1850	1929	physician, journalist, newspaper editor, educator, and public lecturer	primarily known for writing works on physical culture for women and "healthful" dress
Dallas Lore Sharp	United States	1870	1929	academic, assistant librarian, nature writer, ornithologist	Wildlife Near Home, A Watcher in the Woods, Ways of the Woods, In American Fields and Forests, Where Rolls the Oregon, The Hills of Hingham, Highlands and Hollows, The Magical Chance, Romances frrm the Old Testament, Christ and His Time
Evelyn Whitaker	United Kingdom	1844	1929	children's writer, novelist, short story writer	Miss Toosey's Mission, Laddie, Tip Cat, Our Little Ann, For the Fourth Time of Asking, Lassie, Peter's Adventure, The Tidy Wood. A Tale

Entered the public domain in countries with life + 50 years

In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, Canada, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay; a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.

Names	Country	Birth	Death	Occupation	Notable work
Mary L. Langworthy	United States	31 March 1872	15 January 1949	dramatic coach, pageant writer, librettist and lecturer	the libretto for the opera Elijah, the pageants The Hall and the Forga, Plantation Memories, Independence Day, As the Child Learns, The Soul of Man
William Price Drury	United Kingdom	8 November 1861	21 January 1949	novelist, playwright, and memoirist	The Flag Lieutenant, a naval comedy in four acts, The Tadpole of an Archangel, The Dead Marines, The Petrified Eye and Other Stories Originally Told to the Marines, Bearers of the Burden Being Stories of Land and Sea, The Peradventures of Private Pagett, The Admiral Speaks, Calamity Jane, RN, The Porter of Hell: A Drama of 1914, In Many Parts: The Memoirs of a Marine, The Flag Lieutenant in China
N. D. Cocea	Romania	29 November 1880	1 February 1949	writer of erotic literature, novelist, satirist, polemicist, journalist, and political activist	Poet-Poetă, Vinul de viață lungă, Fecior de slugă, Pentr-un petec de negreață, Nea Nae
Axel Munthe	Sweden	31 October 1857	11 February 1949	physician, psychiatrist, and autobiographer	The Story of San Michele , Memories and Vagaries , Letters From A Mourning City
Sarojini Naidu	India	13 February 1879	2 March 1949	poet, playwright, political activist for the Indian independence movement, politician	In the Bazaars of Hyderabad , The Bird of Time , The Golden Threshold , Maher Muneer, The Broken Wing, The Feather of the Dawn, The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu
Maurice Maeterlinck	Belgium	29 August 1862	6 May 1949	playwright, poet, and essayist	Princess Maleine , Intruder , The Blind , Pelléas and Mélisande , The Treasure of the Humble , The Blue Bird
Klaus Mann	Germany	18 November 1906	21 May 1949	novelist, and essayist. Representative of Exilliteratur	Escape to Life , Mephisto , The Turning Point, The Pious Dance, Adventure Book of a Youth, Rundherum
Sigrid Undset	Norway	20 May 1882	10 June 1949	novelist, writer of historical fiction	Kristin Lavransdatter , Jenny , Vaaren , The Master of Hestviken , Fru Marta Oulie
Oton Župančič	Slovenia	23 January 1878	11 June 1949	Modernist poet, playwright, stage director, and translator	Čaša opojnosti (The Goblet of Inebriation), Pesem mladine (The Song of Youth), Duma, Kovaška (The Blacksmith's Song), Žebljarska (The Nail Maker's Song), Noč za verne duše (A Night for Faithful Souls), Veronika Deseniška (Veronika of Desenice)
Russell Doubleday	United States	26 May 1872	14 June 1949	writer, editor and publisher	A Gunner Aboard the Yankee, Cattle Ranch to College, Stories of Inventors, Photography is Fun, Tree Neighbors
Elsa Bernstein	Austria	27 October 1866	2 July 1949	dramatist, salonist, actress, memoirist	Königskinder , Das Leben als Drama. Erinnerungen an Theresienstadt, Wir Drei(We Three), Dämmerung (Twilight)
Hermann Grab	Czechoslovakia	6 May 1903	2 August 1949	novelist, short story writer, music critic, musician, and music teacher	Der Stadtpark (Town Park), Hochzeit in Brooklyn (Marriage in Brooklyn)
E. H. Young	United Kingdom	21 March 1880	8 August 1949	novelist, children's writer, mountaineer, and school librarian	Miss Mole, Moor Fires, The Vicar's Daughter, Jenny Wren, The Curate's Wife, Chatterton Square, River Holiday
Margaret Mitchell	United States	8 November 1900	16 August 1949	novelist, historical fiction writer, journalist	Gone with the Wind , Lost Laysen , Ropa Carmagin, The Big Four, The Knight and the Lady, The Arrow Brave and the Deer Maiden, The Greaser, The Little Pioneers, When We Were Shipwrecked
Herbert Eulenberg	Germany	25 January 1876	4 September 1949	playwright, poet, publisher, and essayist	Letter of a Father of our Times, Münchhausen. Ein deutsches Schauspiel, Kassandra. Ein Drama, Ikarus und Daedalus, Das Ende der Marienburg. Ein Akt aus der Geschichte, Anna Boleyn, Die Prä-Raphaeliten
Lucien Descaves	France	16 March 1861	6 September 1949	novelist	Le Calvaire de Héloïse Pajadou (Héloïse Pajadou's Calvary)
Will Cuppy	United States	23 August 1884	19 September 1949	humorist, satirist, literary critic, and columnist	Maroon Tales, How to be a Hermit, How to Tell Your Friends from the Apes, How to Become Extinct, The Decline and Fall of Practically Everybody, The Great Bustard and Other People
George Shiels	Ireland	24 June 1881	19 September 1949	dramatist, short story writer, and poet	The Rugged Path, The Passing Day, The New Gossoon, Bedmates, Moodie in Manitoba, Insurance Money, The Retrievers, The Jailbird, Quin's Secret
Jorge Cáceres	Chile	18 April 1923	21 September 1949	poet, painter, and dancer	Bound for the Great Polar Pyramid, René or celestial mechanics, Monument to the Birds, The frac incubator
Jacques Copeau	France	4 February 1879	20 October 1949	dramatist, theatre director and producer, actor, and theatre reviewer	Brouillard du matin (Morning Fog), Un essai de rénovation Dramatique: le théâtre du Vieux-Colombier (Essay on Dramatic Renewal: The Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier, Le Veuf (The Widower), Le Miracle du pain doré (The Miracle of the Golden Bread), Le Petit Pauvre (The Poor Little One)
T. Rowland Hughes	United Kingdom	17 April 1903	24 October 1949	novelist. dramatist, poet, broadcaster, and scriptwriter for radio shows	William Jones , Chwalfa , Storïau Mawr y Byd (Great Stories of the World), Y Ffordd (The Way), Yr Ogof (The Cave, O Law i Law (From Hand to Hand)
Yaroslav Halan	Ukraine	27 July 1902	24 October 1949	playwright, publicist, journalist, war correspondent in World War II, and anticlerical propagandist	Unforgettable Days, Don Quixote from Ettenheim, 99%, Front on Air, In the service of Satan, Father of Darkness and His Henchmen, The Vatican Idols Thirst for Blood, Twilight of the Alien Gods, The Vatican Without Mask, I Spit on the Pope
Rex Beach	United States	1 September 1877	7 December 1949	adventure fiction writer, novelist, playwright, Olympic water polo player, and gold prospector during the Klondike Gold Rush	The Spoilers , The Silver Horde, Going Some, The Ne'er-Do-Well, Rainbow's End, Laughing Bill Hyde, The Winds of Chance, Too Fat to Fight, Flowing Gold, Son of the Gods
Harriet Ford	United States	1863	12 December 1949	actress, playwright, and poet	Back from the Dead, The Argyle Case, The Fourth Estate, The Greatest Thing in the World, A Gentleman of France, The Little Brother of the Rich, The Dummy, The Wrong Number, Where Julia rules; a comedy in four acts
Hervey Allen	United States	8 December 1889	28 December 1949	historical fiction writer, memoirist, biographer, poet, and educator	Anthony Adverse , Ballads of the Border, Toward the Flame, Wampum and Old Gold, Israfel

Entering the public domain in the United States

See also: Public domain in the United States

In the United States, the copyright status of works extends for the life of the author or artists, plus 70 years. ^{[3] [4]} If the work is owned by a corporation, then the copyright extends 95 years. ^[5]

Due to the passing of the Copyright Term Extension Act (Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act) in 1998, no new works would enter the public domain in this jurisdiction until 2019. ^[6]

See also

• 1929 in literature and 1949 in literature for deaths of writers
• Public Domain Day
• Creative Commons

References

1. "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
2. Directive 2006/116/EC
3. "What Could Have Entered the Public Domain | Duke University School of Law".
4. "S.505 - One Hundred Fifth Congress of the United States of America at the Session Session. An act to amend the provisions of title 17, United States Code, with respect to the duration of copyright, and for other purposes" (PDF). U.S. Copyright Office.
5. "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States | Copyright Information Center".
6. "United States Copyright Law". Archived from the original on 2014-08-01. Retrieved 2012-06-02.