2035 in public domain

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The literature of Ian Fleming, including the original James Bond series of novels and short stories, will enter the public domain in Europe in 2035. Ian-Fleming-bronze-bust-by-sculptor-Anthony-Smith.jpg
The literature of Ian Fleming, including the original James Bond series of novels and short stories, will enter the public domain in Europe in 2035.

When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform. The following is a list of creators whose works enter the public domain in 2035 under the most common copyright regimes, assuming no further extensions to copyright terms become law in the interim.

Contents

Countries with life + 70 years

Except for Belarus (Life + 50 years) [1] and Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime. [2] [3] In addition, several other countries have a limit of 70 years. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator.

NamesCountryBirthDeathOccupationNotable work
Dr. Atl Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 3 October 187515 August 1964Painter, writer
Fernando Leal Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 26 February 18967 October 1964Painter, muralist, lithographer, engraver
Bharathidasan Flag of India.svg India 29 April 189121 April 1964Poet"Tamil Thai Valthu"
Birinchi Kumar Barua Flag of India.svg India 16 October 190830 March 1964Scholar, writer
Carlos Brandt Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela 11 October 187527 February 1964Writer
Guru Dutt Flag of India.svg India 9 July 192510 October 1964Film director Pyaasa
Ian Fleming Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 28 May 190812 August 1964Writer James Bond
Mushtaq Hussain Khan Flag of India.svg India 187813 August 1964Musician
Jawaharlal Nehru Flag of India.svg India 14 November 188927 May 1964Politician An Autobiography

Countries with life + 60 years

In Bangladesh, India, and Venezuela a work enters the public domain 60 years after the creator's death.

NamesCountryBirthDeathOccupationNotable work
Jean Absil Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium 23 October 18932 February 1974Composer
Gilbert Archey Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 4 August 189020 October 1974ZoologistThe Moa, a Study of the Dinornithiformes
Miguel Ángel Asturias Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala 19 October 18999 June 1974Poet-diplomat El Señor Presidente
Farid al-Atrash Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt 191726 December 1974Composer
Kurt Atterberg Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 12 December 188715 February 1974Composer Compositions
H. E. Bates Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 16 May 190529 January 1974Writer The Darling Buds of May
Erick Berry Flag of the United States.svg United States 4 January 1892February 1974Writer The Winged Girl of Knossos
Bobby Bloom Flag of the United States.svg United States 15 January 194628 February 1974Singer-songwriter"Montego Bay"
Hector Bolitho Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 28 May 189712 September 1974WriterAlbert the Good and the Victorian Reign
Buddhadeb Bosu Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh 19081974Writer
Rosario Castellanos Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 25 May 19257 August 1974Poet, novelistThe Nine Guardians
Nellie Coad Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 15 October 18836 September 1974Teacher, writer
Phillis Emily Cunnington Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 1 November 188724 October 1974Physician, historianHandbook of English Mediaeval Costume
Maurice Duggan Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 25 November 192211 December 1974WriterSummer in the Gravel Pit
Duke Ellington Flag of the United States.svg United States 29 April 189924 May 1974Composer Duke Ellington discography
Julius Evola Flag of Italy.svg Italy 19 May 189811 June 1974Philosopher Revolt Against the Modern World
Allal al-Fassi Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco 10 January 191013 May 1974WriterThe Independence Movements in Arab North Africa
Dorothy Fields Flag of the United States.svg United States 15 July 190428 March 1974Film lyricist"The Way You Look Tonight"
Louise Fitzhugh Flag of the United States.svg United States 5 October 192819 November 1974Writer Harriet the Spy
Georgette Heyer Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 16 August 19024 July 1974Writer List of works by Georgette Heyer
Ali Ismael Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt 28 December 192216 June 1974Composer Fida'i
Marie Luise Kaschnitz Flag of Germany.svg Germany 31 January 190110 October 1974WriterMenschen und Dinge 1945
Erich Kästner Flag of Germany.svg Germany 23 February 189929 July 1974Poet, screenwriter Emil and the Detectives
Muhammad Ayub Khan Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan 14 May 190719 April 1974Politician Books
Pär Lagerkvist Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 23 May 189111 July 1974Writer Barabbas
Eve Langley Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 1 September 19041 June 1974Writer The Pea-Pickers
Charles Lindbergh Flag of the United States.svg United States 4 February 190226 August 1974Aviator, writer "WE", The Spirit of St. Louis
Eric Linklater Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 8 March 18997 November 1974Writer, poet The Wind on the Moon
Walter Lippmann Flag of the United States.svg United States 23 September 188914 December 1974Writer Public Opinion
Margaret MacPherson Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 19 June 189514 September 1974Writer, journalistA Symposium Against War
P. Schuyler Miller Flag of the United States.svg United States 21 February 191213 October 1974Writer
Henry de Monfreid Flag of France.svg France 14 November 187913 December 1974Adventurer, writerSecrets of the Red Sea
Stanley Mullen Flag of the United States.svg United States 20 June 19111974Artist, writer Kinsmen of the Dragon
Leslie Munro Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 26 February 190113 February 1974Politician, writerUnited Nations: hope for a divided world
Douglas Robb Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 18991974Physician, writerMedical Odyssey
David Alfaro Siqueiros Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 29 December 18966 January 1974Painter, muralistPortrait of the Bourgeoisie (1939–1940), The March of Humanity (1957–1971)
William Sloane Flag of the United States.svg United States 15 August 190625 September 1974WriterTo Walk the Night
Zaharia Stancu Flag of Romania.svg Romania 7 October 19025 December 1974Writer Through the Ashes of the Empire
Sheila Stuart Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 18921974WriterAlison's Highland Holiday
Jacqueline Susann Flag of the United States.svg United States 20 August 191821 September 1974Writer Valley of the Dolls
Sándor Szathmári Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 29 June 189716 July 1974Writer, mechanical engineer Kazohinia
Whanki Kim Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 3 April 191325 July 1974PainterWhat Form, Shall We Meet Again? (어디서 무엇이 되어 다시 만나랴)
Robert Charles Zaehner Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 8 April 191324 November 1974ScholarZurvan, Mysticism, Our Savage God

Countries with life + 50 years

In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay, a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.

NamesCountryBirthDeathOccupationNotable work
Vicente Aleixandre Flag of Spain.svg Spain 26 April 189814 December 1984Poet
Michail Sholokhov Flag of Russia.svg Russia 24 May 190521 February 1984Novelist And Quiet Flows the Don

Countries with life + 80 years

Spain has a copyright term of life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988. [4] In Colombia and Equatorial Guinea, a work enters the public domain 80 years after the creator's death.

NamesCountryBirthDeathOccupationNotable work
Jacinto Benavente Flag of Spain.svg Spain 12 August 186614 July 1954Writer The Unloved Woman

United States

Wizard of oz movie poster.jpg
Poster - Gone With the Wind 01.jpg
The two most famous films entering the public domain in the United States in 2035 are Victor Fleming's The Wizard of Oz and Gone with the Wind , both of which are widely considered to be among the greatest films of all time.

Under the Copyright Term Extension Act, books published in 1939, films released in 1939, and other works published in 1939 will enter the public domain in 2035. [5] Sound recordings published in 1934 and unpublished works whose authors died in 1964 will also enter the public domain.

The most famous films entering the public domain in 2035 are two adaptations directed by Victor Fleming: MGM's The Wizard of Oz starring Judy Garland, and Selznick International's Best Picture Academy Award winner Gone with the Wind starring Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh, both of which have been celebrated for their innovative use of Technicolor and are widely considered to be among the greatest motion pictures of all time. The entry of the former film is more significant given its widespread influence in popular culture, and will bring along the film's trademark designs and portrayals for L. Frank Baum's world and characters [a] as well as its entire incidental and song score, including its signature song "Over the Rainbow". Also entering the public domain are multiple Hollywood films that are considered classics among their respective genres: Frank Capra's Mr. Smith Goes to Washington with Jean Arthur and James Stewart, Sam Wood's Goodbye, Mr. Chips with Robert Donat, John Ford's Stagecoach starring John Wayne, Dark Victory with Bette Davis and Humphrey Bogart, Leo McCarey's Love Affair with Irene Dunne, Ernst Lubitsch's Ninotchka starring Greta Garbo and Melvyn Douglas, Hal Roach's Of Mice and Men adaptation with Burgess Meredith, and William Wyler's adaptation of Wuthering Heights with Merle Oberon and Laurence Olivier.

Other notable films entering the public domain this year include 20th Century Fox's two Sherlock Holmes films with Basil Rathbone, Jean Renoir's The Rules of the Game , Jesse James starring Tyrone Power and Henry Fonda, Busby Berkeley's Babes in Arms starring Garland and Mickey Rooney, Dodge City starring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland, George Cukor's The Women , Ford's Drums Along the Mohawk with Fonda and Claudette Colbert, Michael Curtiz's The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex , William Dieterle's adaptation of The Hunchback of Notre Dame with Charles Laughton, Condemned To Be Shot (one of the earliest television films), Hugh Harman's animated short film Peace on Earth , the final Betty Boop cartoons, and Walt Disney's last Silly Symphony short The Ugly Duckling . The modern character designs of Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse will also enter the public domain.

Important literary works that will enter the public domain in 2035 include James Joyce's final work Finnegans Wake , John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath , Agatha Christie's crime novel And Then There Were None , Raymond Chandler's The Big Sleep introducing Philip Marlowe, Richard Llewellyn's novel How Green Was My Valley , Ernest Vincent Wright's novel Gadsby , Stanley G. Weinbaum's post-apocalyptic novel The Black Flame , the science fiction short stories I, Robot by Eando Binder and Marooned off Vesta by Isaac Asimov, Robert A. Heinlein's short story Life-Line , T. S. Eliot's poetry book Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats (the source material for Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Cats ), Joseph Kesselring's play Arsenic and Old Lace , Lindsay and Crouse's Life with Father , J. B. Priestley's novel Let the People Sing , Jorge Luis Borges' short story Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote in its original Spanish, Hergé's Tintin story King Ottokar's Sceptre in its original French black-and-white version, and the children's books Cecily G. and the Nine Monkeys by H. A. Rey (which introduced the monkey character now known as Curious George) in its original French, and Madeline by Ludwig Bemelmans. The first comic books of DC Comics' Batman, as well as the original character of the Human Torch from Marvel Comics (not to be confused with Johnny Storm, a member of the Fantastic Four who were introduced much later), will also become public domain in 2035. The same will happen for the booklet from the Montgomery Ward department store chain that introduced the character of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, who would later become the focus of a popular Christmas song; and for the premiere issues of The Kenyon Review , Startling Stories , Poetry London and Famous Fantastic Mysteries .

Artworks entering the public domain include Salvador Dalí's The Enigma of Hitler , Edward Hopper's Cape Cod Evening, Frida Kahlo's oil painting The Two Fridas , and Fernand Leger's Adam and Eve.

Popular songs entering the public domain include "Moonlight Serenade", "God Bless America", "If I Didn't Care", "What's New?", and the nursery rhyme "I'm A Little Teapot". Prokofiev's Alexander Nevsky will also become public domain in the United States this year.

See also

Notes

  1. For example: the portrayal of main character Dorothy Gale as wearing a blue gingham dress, as well as the iconic ruby slippers.

References

  1. Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998
  2. "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  3. "EUR-Lex – 32006L0116 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  4. "Áreas de cultura: Propiedad Intelectual – Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  5. Hirtle, Peter B. (3 January 2020). "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States". Cornell University Library Copyright Information Center. Retrieved 17 December 2020.