"Over the Rainbow" | |
---|---|
Song by Judy Garland | |
Published | 1939 by Leo Feist, Inc. |
Composer(s) | Harold Arlen |
Lyricist(s) | E.Y. Harburg |
"Over the Rainbow", also known as "Somewhere Over the Rainbow", is a ballad by Harold Arlen with lyrics by Yip Harburg. [1] It was written for the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz , in which it was sung by actress Judy Garland [2] in her starring role as Dorothy Gale. [1] It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and became Garland's signature song.
About five minutes into the film, Dorothy sings the song after failing to get Aunt Em, Uncle Henry, and the farmhands to listen to her story of an unpleasant incident involving her dog, Toto, and the town spinster, Miss Gulch (Margaret Hamilton). Aunt Em tells her to "find yourself a place where you won't get into any trouble". This prompts her to walk off by herself, musing to Toto, "Someplace where there isn't any trouble. Do you suppose there is such a place, Toto? There must be. It's not a place you can get to by a boat, or a train. It's far, far away. Behind the moon, beyond the rain", at which point she begins singing.
Composer Harold Arlen and lyricist Yip Harburg often worked in tandem, Harburg generally suggesting an idea or title for Arlen to set to music, before Harburg contributed the lyrics. [3] For their work together on The Wizard of Oz , Harburg claimed his inspiration was "a ballad for a little girl who... was in trouble and... wanted to get away from... Kansas. A dry, arid, colorless place. She had never seen anything colorful in her life except the rainbow". Arlen decided the idea needed "a melody with a long broad line". [4]
By the time all the other songs for the film had been written, Arlen was feeling the pressure of not having the song for the Kansas scene. He often carried blank pieces of music manuscript in his pockets to jot down short melodic ideas. Arlen described how the inspiration for the melody to "Over the Rainbow" came to him suddenly while his wife Anya drove:
"I said to Mrs. Arlen... 'let's go to Grauman's Chinese ... You drive the car, I don't feel too well right now.' I wasn't thinking of work. I wasn't consciously thinking of work, I just wanted to relax. And as we drove by Schwab's Drug Store on Sunset I said, 'Pull over, please.' ... And we stopped and I really don't know why—bless the muses—and I took out my little bit of manuscript and put down what you know now as 'Over the Rainbow.'" [5]
The song was originally sung in A-flat major. [6] Arlen later wrote the contrasting bridge section based on the idea of "a child's piano exercise". [7] In the movie, a renowned Stradivarius violin was used in the accompaniment. [8]
Italian newspaper Il Messaggero has noted a resemblance, both harmonic and melodic, between Over the Rainbow and the theme of the intermezzo (known as Ratcliff's Dream) of Pietro Mascagni's 1895 opera Guglielmo Ratcliff . [9]
On October 7, 1938, Judy Garland recorded the song on the MGM soundstage with an arrangement by Murray Cutter. In September 1939, a studio recording of the song, not from the film soundtrack, was recorded and released as a single for Decca. In March 1940, that same recording was included on a Decca 78 four-record studio cast album entitled The Wizard of Oz. Although this isn't the version that appeared in the film, Decca continued to release the "cast album" into the 1960s after it was reissued on disc, a 331⁄3-rpm album.
The film version of "Over the Rainbow" was unavailable to the public until the soundtrack was released by MGM in 1956 to coincide with the television premiere of The Wizard of Oz. [10] The soundtrack version has been re-released several times over the years, including a deluxe edition by Rhino in 1995. [11]
After The Wizard of Oz appeared in 1939, "Over the Rainbow" became Garland's signature song. She performed it for thirty years and sang it as she had for the film. She said she wanted to remain true to the character of Dorothy and to the message of being somewhere over the rainbow. [12]
In 1981, the 1939 recording of the song by Judy Garland on Decca Records was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. [13]
An introductory verse ("When all the world is a hopeless jumble...") that was omitted from the film is sometimes used in theatrical productions of The Wizard of Oz and is included in the piano sheet music from the film. It was used in versions by Cliff Edwards, Tony Bennett, Al Bowlly, Doris Day, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Sarah Vaughan, Mandy Patinkin, Trisha Yearwood, Melissa Manchester, Hilary Kole, Jewel, Eva Cassidy, and Norma Waterson. Judy Garland sang the introductory verse at least once, on a 1948 radio broadcast of The Louella Parsons Show. [14] Lyrics for a second verse ("Once by a word only lightly spoken...") appeared in the British edition of the sheet music. [15]
In March 2017, Judy Garland's 1939 Decca single was entered in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as music that is "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". [16] The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) ranked it number one on their Songs of the Century list. The American Film Institute named it best movie song on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs list.
"Over the Rainbow" was given the Towering Song Award by the Songwriters Hall of Fame and was sung at its dinner on June 12, 2014, by Jackie Evancho. [17] In April 2005, the United States Postal Service issued a commemorative stamp honoring Yip Harburg that includes a lyric. [18]
It was sent as an audio wakeup call to astronauts aboard the STS-88 space shuttle mission on Flight Day 4, dedicated to astronaut Robert D. Cabana by his daughter Sara. [19]
According to his family, Gene Wilder died while listening to "Over the Rainbow" sung by Ella Fitzgerald, one of his favorite songs. [20] [21]
The first German version in the English language was recorded by the Swing Orchestra Heinz Wehner (1908–1945) in March 1940 in Berlin. Wehner, at this time a well-known international German swing artist, [22] also took over the vocals. [23] The first German version in German language was sung by Inge Brandenburg (1929–1999) in 1960. [24]
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World" | |
---|---|
Single by Israel Kamakawiwoʻole | |
from the album Facing Future | |
Released | 1993 |
Recorded | 1988 |
Length | 5:07 |
Label | Mountain Apple Company |
Songwriter(s) | E.Y. Harburg, Bob Thiele, George David Weiss |
On the album Facing Future (1993), Israel Kamakawiwoʻole included "Over the Rainbow" in a ukulele medley with "What a Wonderful World" by Louis Armstrong. Kamakawiwo'ole called the recording studio at 3 a.m. He was given 15 minutes to arrive by Milan Bertosa.
Bertosa said, "And in walks the largest human being I had seen in my life. Israel was probably like 500 pounds. And the first thing at hand is to find something for him to sit on." A security guard gave Israel a large steel chair. "Then I put up some microphones, do a quick sound check, roll tape, and the first thing he does is 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow.' He played and sang, one take, and it was over." [25]
Kamakawiwoʻole's version reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot Digital Tracks chart during the week of January 31, 2004 (for the survey week ending January 18, 2004). [26] In the U.S., it was certified Platinum for million downloads sold. [27] As of October 2014 it had sold over 4.2 million digital copies. [28]
In the UK his version was released as a single under the title "Somewhere Over the Rainbow". It entered the UK Official Singles Chart in April 2007 at number 68. In Germany, the single also returned to the German Singles Chart in September 2010. After two weeks on that chart, it received gold status for selling 150,000 copies. [29] In October 2010, it reached number one on the German charts. In 2011 was certified 5× gold for selling over 750,000 copies. [29] It stayed at the top spot for twelve non-consecutive weeks and was the most successful single in Germany in 2010. [30] In March 2010 it was the second best-selling download in Germany with digital sales between 500,000 and 600,000. [31] [32] In France, it debuted at number four in December 2010 and reached number one. [33] In Switzerland, it received Platinum status for 30,000 copies sold. [34]
Kamakawiwoʻole's version of "Over the Rainbow" has been used in commercials, films and television programs, including 50 First Dates , Charmed , Cold Case , ER , Finding Forrester , Horizon , Life on Mars , Meet Joe Black , Scrubs , Snakes on a Plane , Son of the Mask , and the television series South Pacific . The Kamakawiwoʻole version was sung by the cast of Glee on the season one finale "Journey" and included on Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals, charting at number 30 in the UK, 31 in Canada and Ireland, 42 in Australia, and 43 in the U.S. [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41]
Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
Austria (IFPI Austria) [42] | Platinum | 50,000* |
Germany (BVMI) [43] | 2× Platinum | 1,000,000^ |
Italy (FIMI) [44] | Gold | 25,000‡ |
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) [45] | 2× Platinum | 100,000^ |
United Kingdom (BPI) [46] | Gold | 400,000‡ |
United States (RIAA) [47] | Platinum | 4,200,000 [28] |
* Sales figures based on certification alone. |
"Over the Rainbow" | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Single by Eva Cassidy | ||||
from the album The Other Side and Songbird | ||||
B-side | "Dark End of the Street" [48] | |||
Released | January 29, 2001 | |||
Length | 4:58 | |||
Label | Blix Street | |||
Composer(s) | Harold Arlen | |||
Lyricist(s) | E.Y. Harburg | |||
Producer(s) | Chris Biondo | |||
Eva Cassidy singles chronology | ||||
|
Eva Cassidy recorded a studio version of the song for The Other Side (1992). After her death in 1996, it was included on the posthumous compilation Songbird (1998). In December 2000, a clip of Cassidy performing the song at Blues Alley was featured on the BBC2 program Top of the Pops 2 . [49] Following the premiere, it became the program's most-requested video in history, and demand for the album soared after the clip was re-aired in January 2001. [50] The song was subsequently released as a single the same month, on January 29. [51]
"Over the Rainbow" debuted at number 88 on the UK Singles Chart in February 2001 and climbed to number 42 in May, becoming Cassidy's first single to chart in the United Kingdom. In Scotland, it reached number 36, giving Cassidy her first top-40 single in that region. It was her highest-charting song in the United Kingdom until 2007, when "What a Wonderful World" reached number one. [52] The song also reached number 27 in Ireland in December, becoming her only top-40 hit in that country.
Cassidy's recording was selected by the BBC for its Songs of the Century album in 1999. Her performance at Blues Alley appeared on the album Simply Eva (2011).
Chart (2001) | Peak position |
---|---|
Ireland (IRMA) [53] | 27 |
Scotland (OCC) [54] | 36 |
UK Singles (OCC) [55] | 42 |
UK Indie (OCC) [56] | 10 |
Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom (BPI) [57] | Gold | 400,000‡ |
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow"/"What a Wonderful World" | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Single by Cliff Richard | ||||
from the album Wanted | ||||
Released | December 3, 2001 | |||
Length | 4:47 | |||
Label | Papillon | |||
Songwriter(s) | H. Arlen, E.Y. Hamburg, George David Weiss, G. Douglas | |||
Producer(s) | Alan Tarney | |||
Cliff Richard singles chronology | ||||
| ||||
Music video | ||||
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow"/"What a Wonderful World" on YouTube |
On December 3, 2001, the British singer Cliff Richard recorded a cover of the mashup "Somewhere Over the Rainbow"/"What a Wonderful World" on his album Wanted . At the time of release the official website for the album explained that it consisted of "hits Cliff's always 'Wanted' to record." [58] The album is primarily made up of cover songs, including songs by artists such as Elvis Presley, The Beatles, Carole King and Tina Turner. The inspiration for the album came when Richard was sent a copy of Israel Kamakawiwo'ole's recording of "Over the Rainbow" combined with "What a Wonderful World" weeks into the year 2000 and he knew immediately he wanted to record it. [59]
The mashup reggae-themed track with a lot of similarities to the Israel Kamakawiwo'ole arrangement was released as the debut single from the album Wanted and charted on the UK Singles Chart peaking at number 11 and stayed for 6 weeks in the British charts. [60] Richard premiered it on the Open House with Gloria Hunniford on November 6, 2001. On the date of release of the single on December 3, 2001, he was invited to the ITV programme This Morning to perform it live. He also performed it at the Premier Christmas Spectacular at Methodist Westminster Central Hall in London on December 14, 2001.
Chart (2001) | Peak position |
---|---|
UK Singles (OCC) [60] | 11 |
"Over the Rainbow" | |
---|---|
Single by Danielle Hope | |
Released | May 23, 2010 (UK) |
Genre | Pop |
Length | 2:58 |
Label | Polydor |
Composer(s) | Harold Arlen |
Lyricist(s) | E.Y. Harburg |
Danielle Hope, the winner of the BBC talent show Over the Rainbow , released a cover version of the song as a digital download on May 23, 2010, and a single on May 31, 2010. [61] As it was recorded before a winner was announced, runners-up Lauren Samuels and Sophie Evans also recorded versions. [61]
The single was a charity record that raised money for the BBC Performing Arts Fund and Prostate UK. [62]
UK digital download
CD single
Chart (2010) | Peak position |
---|---|
UK Singles (OCC) [63] | 29 |
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow / What a Wonderful World" | |
---|---|
Song by Robin Schulz, Alle Farben and Israel Kamakawiwoʻole | |
Released | September 7, 2021 |
Length | 3:31 |
Label | Sony Music Entertainment, B1/Warner Music |
Composer(s) | Harold Arlen |
Lyricist(s) | E.Y. Harburg |
In July 2021, German musician, DJ and record producer Robin Schulz and the German DJ and producer Alle Farben released a mashup "Somewhere Over the Rainbow / What a Wonderful World" based on Kamakawiwo'ole's version and voice on Sony Music Entertainment, B1/Warner Music. The new remix version has charted in Germany, France and Belgium. A new official video was also released.
Chart (2021) | Peak position |
---|---|
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) [64] | 48 |
France (SNEP) [65] | 138 |
Germany (GfK Entertainment charts) | 82 |
The 1939 Glenn Miller recording on RCA Bluebird was no. 1 on the Your Hit Parade chart for six weeks that year.
The Demensions recorded an ethereal, orchestral, and dreamy doo-wop version, arranged by composer Seymour Barab that reached number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1960 [66] and number 17 in Canada. [67] In 1978, Gary Tanner's recording of "Somewhere over the Rainbow" reached number 69 on the Hot 100. [68] Katharine McPhee's version in 2006 reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100.
In 1965 Australian band Billy Thorpe and the Aztecs released the song as a single following the release of an EP called I Told The Brook in 1964. The single went to Number 2 on the Australian charts. [69]
Jerry Lee Lewis included "Over the Rainbow" on his 1980 album Killer Country on Elektra Records. This version went to number 10 on the Pop Country charts. [70]
The song was also featured in Joanie Bartels' 1987 album Lullaby Magic, Vol. 2. [71]
German-Greek EDM producer and DJ Marusha released a cover version of the track in 1994, which became a Top 40 hit in central Europe, reaching the Top 10 in Switzerland (#2), Germany (#3), and the Netherlands (#6); it also reached #13 in Austria and #34 in the Flanders region of Belgium. [72]
The 1997 film Face/Off featured a recording of "Over the Rainbow" by Olivia Newton-John. [73]
In 2003, Brazilian singer Luiza Possi released a Portuguese version of the song under the title "Além do arco-íris (Over the Rainbow)", for the soundtrack of the Brazilian soap-opera Chocolate com Pimenta. A cover of the original version was also recorded.[ citation needed ]
Zaachariaha Fielding, of Electric Fields fame, was selected by Baz Luhrmann to sing "Somewhere over the Rainbow" in the Yolngu language in his 2008 film Australia . [74]
Nicholas David, a contestant on the third season of The Voice, recorded a version that went to number 96 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2012 with sales of 48,000 copies. [75]
American singer Ariana Grande released a version of the song on June 6, 2017, to raise money at her benefit concert One Love Manchester after 22 people were killed in the Manchester Arena bombing at Grande's concert on May 22, 2017. [76] Her live performance at the benefit concert was televised two days prior, i.e. on June 4, 2017. The song was then added to the setlist of her Dangerous Woman Tour. [77] The version peaked at number 60 on the UK Singles Chart on the week ending June 22, 2017. [78]
In 2017 to raise money for BBC Children in Need, 1,788 children sang the song in unison from 10 towns across the UK. [79] [80] The choirs performed simultaneously and through out the song it would cut between the choirs giving each choir 10–20 seconds. This was all done live as they sang. The choirs sang from: Elstree at Elstree Studios the studio, just outside of London, where the main telethon was held, [80] Manchester at The Science and Industry Museum, [80] Bristol at Aerospace, [80] Glasgow at BBC Pacific Quay, [80] Newcastle at The Discovery Museum, [80] Newbury at Brockhurst and Marlston House School, [80] Belfast at The Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, [80] Halifax at The Piece Hall, [80] Cardiff at The Broadcasting House [80] and Nottingham at The Albert Hall [80]
Edgar Yipsel Harburg was an American popular song lyricist and librettist who worked with many well-known composers. He wrote the lyrics to the standards "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?", "April in Paris", and "It's Only a Paper Moon", as well as all of the songs for the film The Wizard of Oz, including "Over the Rainbow". He was known for the social commentary of his lyrics, as well as his leftist leanings. He championed racial, sexual and gender equality and union politics. He also was an ardent critic of high society and religion.
Israel Kaʻanoʻi Kamakawiwoʻole, also called Braddah IZ or just simply IZ, was a Native Hawaiian musician and singer. He achieved commercial success and popularity outside of Hawaii with his 1993 studio album, Facing Future. His medley of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World" was released on his albums Ka ʻAnoʻi and Facing Future, and was subsequently featured in various media. The song has had 358 weeks on top of the World Digital Songs chart, making it the longest-leading number-one hit on any of the Billboard song charts. Kamakawiwoʻole is regarded as one of the greatest musicians from Hawaii and is the most successful musician from the state.
Harold Arlen was an American composer of popular music, who composed over 500 songs, a number of which have become known worldwide. In addition to composing the songs for the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, including "Over the Rainbow", which won him the Oscar for Best Original Song, he was nominated as composer for 8 other Oscar awards. Arlen is a highly regarded contributor to the Great American Songbook. "Over the Rainbow" was voted the 20th century's No. 1 song by the RIAA and the NEA.
The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). An adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's fantasy novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, it was primarily directed by Victor Fleming, who left production to take over the troubled Gone with the Wind. It stars Judy Garland, Frank Morgan, Ray Bolger, Bert Lahr, Jack Haley, Billie Burke and Margaret Hamilton. Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay, while others made uncredited contributions. The music was composed by Harold Arlen and adapted by Herbert Stothart, with lyrics by Edgar "Yip" Harburg.
"What a Wonderful World" is a song written by Bob Thiele and George David Weiss. It was first recorded by Louis Armstrong live in 1959. It was later recorded in studio and released in 1967 as a single. In April 1968, it topped the pop chart in the United Kingdom, but performed poorly in the United States because Larry Newton, the president of ABC Records, disliked the song and refused to promote it.
"That Old Black Magic" is a 1942 popular song written by Harold Arlen (music), with the lyrics by Johnny Mercer. They wrote it for the 1942 film Star Spangled Rhythm, when it was first sung by Johnny Johnston and danced by Vera Zorina. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1943 but lost out to "You'll Never Know".
"The Man That Got Away" is a torch song written for the 1954 version of A Star Is Born. The song, with music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by Ira Gershwin, is performed in the film by Judy Garland. "The Man That Got Away" was ranked #11 by the American Film Institute on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs list. It was nominated for Best Original Song at the 27th Academy Awards but lost to "Three Coins in the Fountain".
"We're Off to See the Wizard" is one of the classic songs from the Academy Award-winning 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Composer Harold Arlen described it, along with "The Merry Old Land of Oz" and "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead", as one of the "lemon drop" songs of the film. The lyrics are by E.Y. "Yip" Harburg.
"If I Only Had a Brain" is a song by Harold Arlen (music) and Yip Harburg (lyrics). The song is sung in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz by the character Scarecrow, played by Ray Bolger, when he meets Dorothy, played by Judy Garland. The characters pine about what each wants from the Wizard. It was also sung in Jeremy Sams and Andrew Lloyd Webber's 2011 musical adaptation with an additional reprise called "If We Only Had a Plan" when the characters discuss how to rescue Dorothy in Act II.
"Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" is a song in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. It is the centerpiece of several individual songs in an extended set-piece performed by the Munchkins, Glinda and Dorothy Gale highlighted by a chorus of Munchkin girls and one of Munchkin boys, it was also sung by studio singers as well as by sung by the Winkie soldiers. It was composed by Harold Arlen, with the lyrics written by E. Y. Harburg. The group of songs celebrate the death of the Wicked Witch of the East when Dorothy's house is dropped on her by the cyclone.
"You Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It)" is a popular song from 1913 composed by James V. Monaco with lyrics by Joseph McCarthy. It was introduced by Al Jolson in the Broadway revue The Honeymoon Express (1913), and used in the 1973 revival of the musical Irene.
The songs from the 1939 musical fantasy film The Wizard of Oz have taken their place among the most famous and instantly recognizable American songs of all time, and the film's principal song, "Over the Rainbow", is perhaps the most famous song ever written for a film. Music and lyrics were by Harold Arlen and E.Y. "Yip" Harburg, who won an Academy Award for Best Song for "Over the Rainbow."
Rufus Does Judy at Carnegie Hall is the sixth album by the Canadian-American singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright, released through Geffen Records in December 2007. The album consists of live recordings from his sold-out June 14–15, 2006, tribute concerts at Carnegie Hall to the American actress and singer Judy Garland. Backed by a 36-piece orchestra conducted by Stephen Oremus, Wainwright recreated Garland's April 23, 1961, concert, often considered "the greatest night in show business history". Garland's 1961 double album, Judy at Carnegie Hall, a comeback performance with more than 25 American pop and jazz standards, was highly successful, initially spending 95 weeks on the Billboard charts and garnering five Grammy Awards.
Judy Garland signed her first recording contract at age 13 with Decca Records in late 1935. Garland began recording albums for Capitol Records in the 1950s. Her greatest success, Judy at Carnegie Hall (1961), was listed for 73 weeks on the Billboard 200 chart, was certified Gold, and took home five Grammy Awards.
Meco Plays The Wizard of Oz is an album by the American musician Meco, released in 1978. The album sold around 400,000 copies.
My Life is a 2007 EP by ukulele artist Jake Shimabukuro, released in the U.S. on September 4, 2007, by Hitchhike Records. It was released in Japan on July 18, 2007, by Epic/Sony.
Garland at the Grove is the debut live album by Judy Garland, released in mono on February 2, 1959 and in stereo on February 16, 1959 by Capitol Records, accompanied by Freddy Martin and his orchestra. The album was recorded at the Cocoanut Grove nightclub at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles.
Judy is the fifth studio album by Judy Garland, released on October 10, 1956 by Capitol Records. The album was conducted and arranged by Nelson Riddle. The eleven tracks were selected to complement Garland's style, with the pacing set to create a pleasant mood and varied tempo.
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World" is a medley of "Over the Rainbow" by Judy Garland and "What a Wonderful World" by Louis Armstrong, recorded by Hawaiian singer Israel Kamakawiwoʻole. First released on the 1990 album Ka ʻAnoʻi, an acoustic rendition of the medley became notable after its release on his 1993 album Facing Future.
Killer Country is a studio album by Jerry Lee Lewis, released on Elektra Records in 1980. The album peaked at No. 35 on Billboard's Top Country Albums chart.
Then I put up some microphones, do a quick sound check, roll tape, and the first thing he does is 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow.' He played and sang, one take, and it was over.