221 BC

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Millennium: 1st millennium BC
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
221 BC by topic
Politics
Categories
221 BC in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 221 BC
CCXXI BC
Ab urbe condita 533
Ancient Egypt era XXXIII dynasty, 103
- Pharaoh Ptolemy IV Philopator, 1
Ancient Greek era 139th Olympiad, year 4
Assyrian calendar 4530
Balinese saka calendar N/A
Bengali calendar −813
Berber calendar 730
Buddhist calendar 324
Burmese calendar −858
Byzantine calendar 5288–5289
Chinese calendar 己卯年 (Earth  Rabbit)
2477 or 2270
    — to —
庚辰年 (Metal  Dragon)
2478 or 2271
Coptic calendar −504 – −503
Discordian calendar 946
Ethiopian calendar −228 – −227
Hebrew calendar 3540–3541
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat −164 – −163
 - Shaka Samvat N/A
 - Kali Yuga 2880–2881
Holocene calendar 9780
Iranian calendar 842 BP – 841 BP
Islamic calendar 868 BH – 867 BH
Javanese calendar N/A
Julian calendar N/A
Korean calendar 2113
Minguo calendar 2132 before ROC
民前2132年
Nanakshahi calendar −1688
Seleucid era 91/92 AG
Thai solar calendar 322–323
Tibetan calendar 阴土兔年
(female Earth-Rabbit)
−94 or −475 or −1247
    — to —
阳金龙年
(male Iron-Dragon)
−93 or −474 or −1246

Year 221 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Asina and Rufus/Lepidus (or, less frequently, year 533 Ab urbe condita ). The denomination 221 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Contents

Events

By place

Iberian Peninsula

  • The Carthaginian general Hasdrubal is murdered by a Celtic assassin while campaigning to increase the Carthaginian hold on Spain. Following the assassination of Hasdrubal, Hannibal, the son of the Carthaginian general, Hamilcar Barca, is proclaimed commander-in-chief by the army and his appointment is confirmed by the Carthaginian government.
  • Hannibal immediately moves to consolidate Carthage's control of Spain. He marries a Spanish princess, Imilce, then begins to conquer various Spanish tribes. He fights against the Olcades and captures their capital, Althaea; quells the Vaccaei in the northwest; and, making the seaport of Cartagena (Carthago Nova, the capital of Carthaginian Spain) his base, wins a resounding victory over the Carpetani in the region of the Tagus River.

Egypt

Seleucid Empire

  • The satrap of Media, Molon, and his brother, Alexander, revolt against Antiochus III, primarily due to their hatred towards Hermeias, Antiochus' chief minister. Molon is able to become master of the Seleucid domains to the east of the Tigris. He is stopped by Antiochus III's forces in his attempts to pass that river. Xenoetas, one of Antiochus' generals, is sent against Molon with a large force, but is surprised by Molon's forces and his whole army is cut to pieces and Xenoetas is killed. The rebel satrap now crosses the Tigris, and makes himself master of the city of Seleucia on the Tigris, together with the whole of Babylonia and Mesopotamia.

Greece

Roman Republic

China

  • The state of Qi – by now the only other independent state in China –, is invaded by the Qin generals Wang Ben, Li Xin and Meng Tian and surrenders after offering minimal resistance. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin unifies China and proclaims himself the First Emperor, as he is the first Chinese sovereign able to rule the whole country, thus ending the Warring States period. He is known by historians as Qin Shi Huang. [1]
  • The Chinese Bronze Age ends (approximate date).

Births

Deaths

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">220 BC</span> Calendar year

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">217 BC</span> Calendar year

Year 217 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Geminus and Flaminius/Regulus. The denomination 217 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 246 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crassus and Licinus. The denomination 246 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

The year 245 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Buteo and Bulbus. The denomination 245 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 259 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Scipio and Florus. The denomination 259 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ptolemy IV Philopator</span> 4th Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt (r. 221–204 BC)

Ptolemy IV Philopator was the fourth pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 221 to 204 BC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sosibius</span> Late 3rd-century BC Ptolemaic chief minister

Sosibius was the chief minister of Ptolemy IV Philopator, king of Egypt. Nothing is known of his origin or parentage, though he may have been a son of Sosibius of Tarentum; nor is there any account of how he rose to power. He is first attested immediately after the accession of Ptolemy IV in 221 BC, exercising great influence over the 22-year old king alongside Agathocles, the brother of Ptolemy IV's mistress Agathoclea. He remained a major force throughout the reign and helped ensure the smooth succession of Ptolemy V Epiphanes in 204 BC. After that he disappears from the record.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Syrian Wars</span> Series of land wars between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt (3rd-2nd centuries BC)

The Syrian Wars were a series of six wars between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, successor states to Alexander the Great's empire, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC over the region then called Coele-Syria, one of the few avenues into Egypt. These conflicts drained the material and manpower of both parties and led to their eventual destruction and conquest by Rome and Parthia. They are briefly mentioned in the biblical Books of the Maccabees.

References

  1. ↑ Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Section: The First Emperor, Section: Wang Jian, Section: Meng Tian.
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