415 BC

Last updated

Millennium: 1st millennium BC
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
415 BC in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 415 BC
CDXV BC
Ab urbe condita 339
Ancient Egypt era XXVII dynasty, 111
- Pharaoh Darius II of Persia, 9
Ancient Greek era 91st Olympiad, year 2
Assyrian calendar 4336
Balinese saka calendar N/A
Bengali calendar −1007
Berber calendar 536
Buddhist calendar 130
Burmese calendar −1052
Byzantine calendar 5094–5095
Chinese calendar 乙丑年 (Wood  Ox)
2283 or 2076
     to 
丙寅年 (Fire  Tiger)
2284 or 2077
Coptic calendar −698 – −697
Discordian calendar 752
Ethiopian calendar −422 – −421
Hebrew calendar 3346–3347
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat −358 – −357
 - Shaka Samvat N/A
 - Kali Yuga 2686–2687
Holocene calendar 9586
Iranian calendar 1036 BP – 1035 BP
Islamic calendar 1068 BH – 1067 BH
Javanese calendar N/A
Julian calendar N/A
Korean calendar 1919
Minguo calendar 2326 before ROC
民前2326年
Nanakshahi calendar −1882
Thai solar calendar 128–129
Tibetan calendar 阴木牛年
(female Wood-Ox)
−288 or −669 or −1441
     to 
阳火虎年
(male Fire-Tiger)
−287 or −668 or −1440

Year 415 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Cossus, Vibulanus, Volusus and Cincinnatus (or, less frequently, year 339 Ab urbe condita ). The denomination 415 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Contents

Events

By place

Greece

  • Athenian orator and politician, Andocides is imprisoned on suspicion of having taken part in the mutilation of the sacred busts called "Hermae" shortly before the departure of Athens' military expedition to Sicily. These mutilations cause a general panic, and Andocides is induced to turn informer. Andocides' testimony is accepted, and those whom he implicates, including Alcibiades, are condemned to death. Andocides is sent into exile.
  • The Athenian expedition to Sicily sets sail under Nicias, Lamachus and Alcibiades. After his departure with the armada, Alcibiades is accused of profanity and is recalled to Athens to stand trial.
  • After learning that he has been condemned to death in absentia, Alcibiades defects to Sparta and Nicias is placed in charge of the Sicilian expedition. The Athenian forces land at Dascon near Syracuse but with little result. Hermocrates heads the Syracusan defence.
  • Alcibiades openly joins with the Spartans and persuades them to send Gylippus to assist Syracuse and to fortify Decelea in Attica. He also encourages Ionia to revolt against Athens. As a result, a Spartan fleet soon arrives to reinforce their allies in Syracuse and a stalemate ensues.
  • Construction of the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens is completed. Construction had begun in 449 BC.

By topic

Drama

    Related Research Articles

    Andocides was a logographer in Ancient Greece. He was one of the ten Attic orators included in the "Alexandrian Canon" compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace in the third century BC.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Peloponnesian War</span> War between Athens and Sparta (431–404 BC)

    The Peloponnesian War was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world. The war remained undecided until the later intervention of the Persian Empire in support of Sparta. Led by Lysander, the Spartan fleet finally defeated Athens which began a period of Spartan hegemony over Greece.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">5th century BC</span> One hundred years, from 500 BC to 401 BC

    The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">400s BC (decade)</span> Decade

    This article concerns the period 409 BC – 400 BC.

    This article concerns the period 429 BC – 420 BC.

    This decade witnessed the continuing decline of the Achaemenid Empire, fierce warfare amongst the Greek city-states during the Peloponnesian War, the ongoing Warring States period in Zhou dynasty China, and the closing years of the Olmec civilization in modern-day Mexico.

    Year 403 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Mamercinus, Varus, Potitus, Iullus, Crassus and Fusus. The denomination 403 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Alcibiades</span> Athenian general and statesman (c. 450 – 404 BC)

    Alcibiades was an Athenian statesman and general. The last of the Alcmaeonidae, he played a major role in the second half of the Peloponnesian War as a strategic advisor, military commander, and politician, but subsequently fell from prominence.

    Year 413 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cossus and Medullinus. The denomination 413 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">414 BC</span> Calendar year

    Year 414 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Cossus, Ambustus, Potitus and Albinus. The denomination 414 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

    Year 424 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Crassus, Fidenas, Rutilus and Iullus. The denomination 424 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicias</span> 5th-century BC Athenian politician and general

    Nicias was an Athenian politician and general during the period of the Peloponnesian War. Nicias was a member of the Athenian aristocracy and had inherited a large fortune from his father, which was invested in the silver mines around Attica's Mt. Laurium. Following the death of Pericles in 429 BC, he became the principal rival of Cleon and the democrats in the struggle for the political leadership of the Athenian state. He was a moderate in his political views and opposed the aggressive imperialism of the democrats. His principal aim was to conclude a peace with Sparta as soon as it could be obtained on terms favourable to Athens.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Sicilian Expedition</span> Athenian military expedition to Sicily during the Peloponnesian War (415–413 BCE)

    The Sicilian Expedition was an Athenian military expedition to Sicily, which took place from 415–413 BC during the Peloponnesian War between Athens on one side and Sparta, Syracuse and Corinth on the other. The expedition ended in a devastating defeat for the Athenian forces, severely impacting Athens.

    <i>History of the Peloponnesian War</i> 5th century BC history book by Thucydides

    The History of the Peloponnesian War is a historical account of the Peloponnesian War, which was fought between the Peloponnesian League and the Delian League. It was written by Thucydides, an Athenian historian who also served as an Athenian general during the war. His account of the conflict is widely considered to be a classic and regarded as one of the earliest scholarly works of history. The History is divided into eight books.

    Gylippus was a Spartan general (strategos) of the 5th century BC; he was the son of Cleandridas, who was the adviser of King Pleistoanax and had been expelled from Sparta for accepting Athenian bribes in 446 BC and fled to Thurii, a pan-Hellenic colony then being founded in the instep of Italy with Athenian help and participation. His mother may have been a helot, which meant he was not a true Spartiate but a mothax, a man of inferior status. Despite this, from an early childhood he was trained for war in the traditional Spartan fashion and on reaching maturity had been elected to a military mess, his dues contributed by a wealthier Spartiate patron. For an individual of marginal origins, war was an opportunity to gain honor and eminence.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Demosthenes (general)</span> 5th-century BC Athenian military general

    Demosthenes, son of Alcisthenes, was an Athenian general during the Peloponnesian War.

    Lamachus was an Athenian strategos or general in the Peloponnesian War. He commanded as early as 435 BCE, and was prominent by the mid 420s. Aristophanes caricatured him in The Acharnians and subsequently honoured his memory in The Frogs. He was one of the three generals placed in command of the Sicilian Expedition.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Classical Greece</span> Period of ancient Greece from 510 to 323 BC

    Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years in Ancient Greece, marked by much of the eastern Aegean and northern regions of Greek culture gaining increased autonomy from the Persian Empire; the peak flourishing of democratic Athens; the First and Second Peloponnesian Wars; the Spartan and then Theban hegemonies; and the expansion of Macedonia under Philip II. Much of the early defining mathematics, science, artistic thought, theatre, literature, philosophy, and politics of Western civilization derives from this period of Greek history, which had a powerful influence on the later Roman Empire. Part of the broader era of classical antiquity, the classical Greek era ended after Philip II's unification of most of the Greek world against the common enemy of the Persian Empire, which was conquered within 13 years during the wars of Alexander the Great, Philip's son.

    The period of the 5th century BC in classical Greece is generally considered as beginning in 500 BC and ending in 404 BC, though this is debated. This century is essentially studied from the Athenian viewpoint, since Athens has left more narratives, plays and other written works than the other Greek states. If one looks at Athens, our principal source, one might consider that this century begins in 510 BC, with the fall of the Athenian tyrant and Cleisthenes's reforms. If one looks at the whole Greek world, however, we might place its beginning at the Ionian Revolt in 500 BC, that provoked the first Persian invasion of 492 BC. The Persians were finally defeated in 490 BC. A second Persian attempt failed in 480–479 BC. The Delian League then formed, under Athenian hegemony and as Athens' instrument. Athens' excesses caused several revolts among the allied cities, which were all put down by force, but Athenian dynamism finally awoke Sparta and brought about the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC. After both sides were exhausted, a brief peace occurred, and then the war resumed to Sparta's advantage. Athens was definitively defeated in 404 BC, and some internal Athenian agitations ended the 5th century in Greece.

    Phaeax was an Athenian orator and statesman. The son of Erasistratus, his date of his birth is not known, but he was a contemporary of Nicias and Alcibiades. Plutarch says, that he and Nicias were the only rivals whom Alcibiades feared when he entered upon public life.

    References

      [1]

      1. McGlew, James F. (1999). "Politics on the Margins: The Athenian "Hetaireiai" in 415 B.C." Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 48 (1): 1–22. ISSN   0018-2311.