5477 Holmes

Last updated

5477 Holmes
Discovery [1]
Discovered by E. F. Helin
Discovery site Palomar Obs.
Discovery date27 October 1989
Designations
(5477) Holmes
Named after
Robert Holmes [1]
(American astronomer)
1989 UH2
main-belt  ·(inner) [2]
Hungaria [1] [3] [4]
Orbital characteristics [2]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 27.60 yr (10,082 d)
Aphelion 2.0613 AU
Perihelion 1.7732 AU
1.9172 AU
Eccentricity 0.0751
2.65 yr (970 d)
295.23°
0° 22m 16.68s / day
Inclination 22.552°
49.112°
290.30°
Known satellites 1 (D: 1.09 km P: 24.4 h) [3] [5] [6]
Physical characteristics
2.95±0.13  km (derived) [5]
3.147±0.137 km [7] [8]
3.21 km(taken) [3]
3.215 km [9]
2.9932±0.0002  h [10] [lower-alpha 1]
2.9940±0.0002 h [11]
2.99401±0.00007 h [12]
2.99408±0.00007 h [13]
2.9943±0.0002 h [6]
0.2849 [9]
0.310±0.038 [7] [8]
E (assumed) [3]
13.99±0.03(R) [12]
14.0 [2]
14.26±0.54 [14]
14.4 [8] [13]
14.445 [3] [9]

    5477 Holmes, provisional designation 1989 UH2, is a Hungaria asteroid and binary system from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3 kilometers (2 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 27 October 1989, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory in California. [1] The presumed E-type asteroid is likely spherical in shape and has a short rotation period of 2.99 hours. [3] It was named for American amateur astronomer Robert Holmes. [1] The discovery of its 1-kilometer-sized minor-planet moon was announced in November 2005. [5] [6]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Holmes is a core member of the Hungaria family ( 003 ), [4] a large family of bright asteroids that forms the innermost dense concentration of asteroids in the Solar System, as the Mars-crosser and near-Earth populations are much more sparse. The family is part of the larger dynamical group with the same name. [1] [3] It orbits the Sun in the innermost asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–2.1  AU once every 2 years and 8 months (970 days; semi-major axis of 1.92 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic. [2] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Palomar in October 1989. [1]

    Physical characteristics

    Holmes is an assumed E-type asteroid, [3] which agrees with the overall spectral type for members of the Hungaria family. [15] :23

    Rotation period

    Since 2005, several rotational lightcurves of Holmes have been obtained from photometric observations by Brian Warner and Petr Pravec in collaboration with other astronomers. [6] [10] [11] [12] [13] [lower-alpha 1] Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve gave a well-defined rotation period of 2.9940 hours with a consolidated brightness amplitude between 0.10 and 0.12 magnitude, which indicates that the body has a nearly spherical shape ( U=3 ). [3] [11] The asteroid's short period is near that of a fast rotator.

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Holmes measures 3.147 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.31, [7] [8] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts Petr Pravec's revised WISE-data, that is, an albedo of 0.2849 and a diameter of 3.21 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 14.445. [3] [9] Johnston's Archive derives a diameter of 2.95 and 3.15 kilometers for the primary only and for the combined system, respectively. [5]

    Satellite

    The photometric observations obtained by Brian Warner and collaborators during 2–12 November 2005, [13] revealed that Holmes is a synchronous binary asteroid with a minor-planet moon orbiting it every 24.4 hours at an estimated average distance of 6.7 km. The discovery was announced immediately on 15 November 2005. [6] The mutual occultation events indicated the presence of a satellite 37% the size of its primary, which translates into an estimated diameter of 1.09–1.19 kilometers depending on the underlying size estimate of the primary. [3] [5]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after American amateur astronomer Robert E. Holmes Jr (born 1956), who directs the Astronomical Research Observatory ( H21 ) in Westfield, Illinois. [1] The official naming citation was suggested by Sergio Foglia and published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 February 2011 ( M.P.C. 73983). [16]

    Notes

    1. 1 2 Lightcurve plot of 5477 Holmes, Palmer Divide Observatory, Brian D. Warner (2012). Rotation period 2.9932±0.0002 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.10±0.01 mag. The second plot for the orbital period of the satellite gives a period of 24.37±0.01 hours. Quality code is 3. Summary figures at the LCDB.

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    References

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