5477 Holmes

Last updated

5477 Holmes
Discovery  [1]
Discovered by E. F. Helin
Discovery site Palomar Obs.
Discovery date27 October 1989
Designations
(5477) Holmes
Named after
 Robert Holmes   [1]
(American astronomer)
1989 UH2
main-belt  ·(inner)  [2]
Hungaria   [1] [3] [4]
Orbital characteristics   [2]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 27.60 yr (10,082 d)
Aphelion 2.0613 AU
Perihelion 1.7732 AU
1.9172 AU
Eccentricity 0.0751
2.65 yr (970 d)
295.23°
0° 22m 16.68s / day
Inclination 22.552°
49.112°
290.30°
Known satellites 1 (D: 1.09 km P: 24.4 h) [3] [5] [6]
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
2.95±0.13  km (derived) [5]
3.147±0.137 km [7] [8]
3.21 km(taken) [3]
3.215 km [9]
2.9932±0.0002  h [10] [lower-alpha 1]
2.9940±0.0002 h [11]
2.99401±0.00007 h [12]
2.99408±0.00007 h [13]
2.9943±0.0002 h [6]
0.2849 [9]
0.310±0.038 [7] [8]
E (assumed) [3]
13.99±0.03(R) [12]
14.0 [2]
14.26±0.54 [14]
14.4 [8] [13]
14.445 [3] [9]

    5477 Holmes, provisional designation 1989 UH2, is a Hungaria asteroid and binary system from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3 kilometers (2 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 27 October 1989, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory in California. [1] The presumed E-type asteroid is likely spherical in shape and has a short rotation period of 2.99 hours. [3] It was named for American amateur astronomer Robert Holmes. [1] The discovery of its 1-kilometer-sized minor-planet moon was announced in November 2005. [5] [6]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Holmes is a core member of the Hungaria family ( 003 ), [4] a large family of bright asteroids that forms the innermost dense concentration of asteroids in the Solar System, as the Mars-crosser and near-Earth populations are much more sparse. The family is part of the larger dynamical group with the same name. [1] [3] It orbits the Sun in the innermost asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–2.1  AU once every 2 years and 8 months (970 days; semi-major axis of 1.92 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic. [2] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Palomar in October 1989. [1]

    Physical characteristics

    Holmes is an assumed E-type asteroid, [3] which agrees with the overall spectral type for members of the Hungaria family. [15] : 23 

    Rotation period

    Since 2005, several rotational lightcurves of Holmes have been obtained from photometric observations by Brian Warner and Petr Pravec in collaboration with other astronomers. [6] [10] [11] [12] [13] [lower-alpha 1] Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve gave a well-defined rotation period of 2.9940 hours with a consolidated brightness amplitude between 0.10 and 0.12 magnitude, which indicates that the body has a nearly spherical shape ( U=3 ). [3] [11] The asteroid's short period is near that of a fast rotator.

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Holmes measures 3.147 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.31, [7] [8] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts Petr Pravec's revised WISE-data, that is, an albedo of 0.2849 and a diameter of 3.21 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 14.445. [3] [9] Johnston's Archive derives a diameter of 2.95 and 3.15 kilometers for the primary only and for the combined system, respectively. [5]

    Satellite

    The photometric observations obtained by Brian Warner and collaborators during 2–12 November 2005, [13] revealed that Holmes is a synchronous binary asteroid with a minor-planet moon orbiting it every 24.4 hours at an estimated average distance of 6.7 km. The discovery was announced immediately on 15 November 2005. [6] The mutual occultation events indicated the presence of a satellite 37% the size of its primary, which translates into an estimated diameter of 1.09–1.19 kilometers depending on the underlying size estimate of the primary. [3] [5]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after American amateur astronomer Robert E. Holmes Jr (born 1956), who directs the Astronomical Research Observatory ( H21 ) in Westfield, Illinois. [1] The official naming citation was suggested by Sergio Foglia and published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 February 2011 ( M.P.C. 73983). [16]

    Notes

    1. 1 2 Lightcurve plot of 5477 Holmes, Palmer Divide Observatory, Brian D. Warner (2012). Rotation period 2.9932±0.0002 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.10±0.01 mag. The second plot for the orbital period of the satellite gives a period of 24.37±0.01 hours. Quality code is 3. Summary figures at the LCDB.

    Related Research Articles

    1509 Esclangona, provisional designation 1938 YG, is a rare-type Hungaria asteroid and binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It is named after French astronomer Ernest Esclangon.

    2006 Polonskaya (provisional designation: 1973 SB3) is a stony Flora asteroid and asynchronous binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 22 September 1973, by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula, and later named after Ukrainian astronomer Elena Kazimirtchak-Polonskaïa. Its one-kilometer-sized satellite was discovered by an international collaboration of astronomers in November 2005.

    3309 Brorfelde, provisional designation 1982 BH, is a nearly spheroidal, binary Hungaria asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 January 1982, by Danish astronomers Kaare Jensen and Karl Augustesen at the Brorfelde Observatory near Holbæk, Denmark. It was named for the discovering observatory and the village where it is located.

    4674 Pauling, provisional designation 1989 JC, is a spheroidal binary Hungaria asteroid from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at the U.S. Palomar Observatory, California, on 2 May 1989, and named after the American chemist and Nobel laureate Linus Pauling.

    6084 Bascom, provisional designation 1985 CT, is a binary Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6.3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 February 1985, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory in California. It is named after American geologist Florence Bascom. Its satellite measures approximately 2.3 kilometers and has an orbital period of 43.51 hours.

    4029 Bridges, provisional designation 1982 KC1, is a stony asteroid and binary system from the middle regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter.

    1919 Clemence, provisional designation 1971 SA, is a bright Hungaria asteroid and suspected tumbler from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 September 1971, by American astronomer James Gibson together with Argentine astronomer Carlos Cesco at the Yale-Columbia Southern Station at Leoncito Astronomical Complex in Argentina. It is named after astronomer Gerald Clemence.

    29292 Conniewalker, provisional designation 1993 KZ1, is a bright, stony Phocaea asteroid and slow tumbler from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 May 1993, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker and Canadian astronomer David Levy at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1338 Duponta</span>

    1338 Duponta, provisional designation 1934 XA, is a stony Florian asteroid and synchronous binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7.8 kilometers in diameter.

    1453 Fennia, provisional designation 1938 ED1, is a stony Hungaria asteroid and synchronous binary system from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Yrjö Väisälä at the Turku Observatory in 1938, the asteroid was later named after the Nordic country of Finland. The system's minor-planet moon was discovered in 2007. It has a derived diameter of 1.95 kilometers and is orbiting its primary every 23.55 hours.

    7225 Huntress, provisional designation 1983 BH, is a binary Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 January 1983, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell's Anderson Mesa Station in Flagstaff, Arizona, United States. It is named after astrochemist Wesley Huntress.

    8116 Jeanperrin, provisional designation 1996 HA15, is a Florian asteroid and synchronous binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.8 kilometers (3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 17 April 1996, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at the La Silla Observatory in northern Chile. The likely stony S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.62 hours and a nearly round shape. It was named for French physicist and Nobel laureate Jean Baptiste Perrin. A minor-planet moon, a third the size of its primary, was discovered in 2007.

    5905 Johnson, provisional designation 1989 CJ1, is a Hungaria asteroid and synchronous binary system from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 11 February 1989, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. Its satellite measures approximately 1.6 km (1 mi) in diameter and orbits its primary every 21.8 hours. It was named after American astronomer and engineer Lindley N. Johnson.

    5481 Kiuchi, provisional designation 1990 CH, is a bright binary Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 February 1990, by Japanese astronomers Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at Kitami Observatory in Hokkaidō, Japan, and named after their colleague Tsuruhiko Kiuchi. The V-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.6 hours.

    3868 Mendoza, provisional designation 4575 P-L is a stony Vestian asteroid and binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 September 1960, by astronomers Cornelis Johannes van Houten, Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory.

    1830 Pogson, provisional designation 1968 HA, is a stony Florian asteroid and an asynchronous binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 17 April 1968, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at the Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period 2.6 of hours. It was named for English astronomer Norman Pogson. The discovery of its 2.5-kilometer sized companion was announced in May 2007.

    2815 Soma, provisional designation 1982 RL, is a binary Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 September 1982, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell's Anderson Mesa Station in Flagstaff, Arizona, in the United States. It is named for the mechanical puzzle Soma cube.

    4786 Tatianina, provisional designation 1985 PE2, is a bright background asteroid and synchronous binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.4 kilometers (2.1 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 13 August 1985, by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula. It was named after Tatiana Somova, a friend of the discoverer. The E-/Xc-subtype has a short rotation period of 2.9 hours. Its sub-kilometer minor-planet moon was discovered on 20 March 2006 and announced the following month.

    3982 Kastelʹ, provisional designation 1984 JP1, is a Florian asteroid and a suspected binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6.9 kilometers in diameter.

    10208 Germanicus, provisional designation 1997 QN1, is a stony Florian asteroid and binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.5 kilometers in diameter.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "5477 Holmes (1989 UH2)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
    2. 1 2 3 4 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 5477 Holmes (1989 UH2)" (2017-06-04 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 17 May 2018.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "LCDB Data for (5477) Holmes". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 17 May 2018.
    4. 1 2 "Asteroid 5477 Holmes". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
    5. 1 2 3 4 5 Johnston, Wm. Robert (21 September 2014). "Asteroids with Satellites Database – (5477) Holmes". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
    6. 1 2 3 4 5 Warner, B. D.; Pravec, P.; Kusnirak, P.; Cooney, W.; Gross, J.; Terrell, D.; et al. (November 2005). "CBET #288 – (5477) 1989 UH_2". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. 288 (288): 1. Bibcode:2005CBET..288....1W . Retrieved 17 May 2018.
    7. 1 2 3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv: 1109.4096 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. S2CID   118745497.
    8. 1 2 3 4 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv: 1109.6407 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. S2CID   118700974. (catalog)
    9. 1 2 3 4 Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026.
    10. 1 2 Warner, Brian D.; Stephens, Robert D.; Coley Daniel (October 2012). "Lightcurve for the Hungaria Binary 5477 Holmes". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 39 (4): 230–231. Bibcode:2012MPBu...39..230W. ISSN   1052-8091.
    11. 1 2 3 Pravec, P.; Scheirich, P.; Kusnirák, P.; Hornoch, K.; Galád, A.; Naidu, S. P.; et al. (March 2016). "Binary asteroid population. 3. Secondary rotations and elongations". Icarus. 267: 267–295. Bibcode:2016Icar..267..267P. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.019 .
    12. 1 2 3 Pravec, P.; Scheirich, P.; Vokrouhlický, D.; Harris, A. W.; Kusnirák, P.; Hornoch, K.; et al. (March 2012). "Binary asteroid population. 2. Anisotropic distribution of orbit poles of small, inner main-belt binaries". Icarus. 218 (1): 125–143. Bibcode:2012Icar..218..125P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.11.026.
    13. 1 2 3 4 Warner, Brian D.; Pravec, Petr; Kusnirak, Peter; Harris, Alan W.; Cooney, Walter R. Jr.; Gross, John; et al. (April 2011). "Lightcurves from the Initial Discovery of Four Hungaria Binary Asteroids". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (2): 107–109. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..107W. ISSN   1052-8091.
    14. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv: 1506.00762 . Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID   53493339.
    15. ↑ Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv: 1502.01628 . Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN   9780816532131. S2CID   119280014.
    16. ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
    This page is based on this Wikipedia article
    Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
    Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.