Births
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| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 681 BC by topic |
| Politics |
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| Categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 681 BC DCLXXX BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 73 |
| Ancient Egypt era | XXV dynasty, 72 |
| - Pharaoh | Taharqa, 10 |
| Ancient Greek era | 24th Olympiad, year 4 |
| Assyrian calendar | 4070 |
| Balinese saka calendar | N/A |
| Bengali calendar | −1273 |
| Berber calendar | 270 |
| Buddhist calendar | −136 |
| Burmese calendar | −1318 |
| Byzantine calendar | 4828–4829 |
| Chinese calendar | 己亥年 (Earth Pig) 2016 or 1956 — to — 庚子年 (Metal Rat) 2017 or 1957 |
| Coptic calendar | −964 – −963 |
| Discordian calendar | 486 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −688 – −687 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3080–3081 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | −624 – −623 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 2420–2421 |
| Holocene calendar | 9320 |
| Iranian calendar | 1302 BP – 1301 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 1342 BH – 1341 BH |
| Javanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | N/A |
| Korean calendar | 1653 |
| Minguo calendar | 2592 before ROC 民前2592年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −2148 |
| Thai solar calendar | −138 – −137 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) −554 or −935 or −1707 — to — 阳金鼠年 (male Iron-Rat) −553 or −934 or −1706 |
The year 681 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 73 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 681 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
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The Book of Nahum is the seventh book of the 12 minor prophets of the Hebrew Bible. It is attributed to the prophet Nahum, and was probably written in Jerusalem in the 7th century BC.
Sennacherib was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father Sargon II in 705 BC to his own death in 681 BC. The second king of the Sargonid dynasty, Sennacherib is among the most famous of all Assyrian kings due to the role he played in the Old Testament of the Bible, which describes his campaign in the Levant. Other events of his reign which secured his legacy throughout the millennia following his death include his destruction of the city Babylon in 689 BC and his construction of the last great Assyrian capital, Nineveh.
The 7th century BC began the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC.
The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. The 8th century BC is a period of great change for several historically significant civilizations. In Egypt, the 23rd and 24th dynasties lead to rule from Nubia in the 25th Dynasty. The Neo-Assyrian Empire reaches the peak of its power, conquering the Kingdom of Israel as well as nearby countries.
This article concerns the period 679 BC – 670 BC.
This article concerns the period 689 BC – 680 BC.
Sargon II was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the downfall of his predecessor Shalmaneser V in 722 BC to his death in battle in 705 BC. Though Sargon claimed to be the son of the previous king Tiglath-Pileser III, this is uncertain and he probably gained the throne through usurping it from Shalmaneser V. Sargon is recognized as one of the most important Neo-Assyrian kings due to his role in founding the Sargonid dynasty, which would rule the Neo-Assyrian Empire until its fall less than a century after Sargon's death.
Esarhaddon, also spelled Essarhaddon, Assarhaddon and Ashurhaddon, was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father Sennacherib in 681 BC to his own death in 669. The third king of the Sargonid dynasty, Esarhaddon is most famous for his conquest of Egypt in 671, which made his empire the largest the world had ever seen, and for his reconstruction of Babylon, which had been destroyed by his father.
Ashurbanipal, also spelled Assurbanipal, Asshurbanipal and Asurbanipal, was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father Esarhaddon in 668 BC to his own death in 631 BC. The fourth king of the Sargonid dynasty, Ashurbanipal is generally remembered as the last great king of Assyria.
Sinsharishkun or Sin-shar-ishkun was the penultimate king of Assyria, reigning from the death of his brother and predecessor Ashur-etil-ilani in 627 BC to his own death at the Fall of Nineveh in 612 BC.
Shamash-shum-ukin or Shamashshumukin, also known as Saulmugina and Sarmuge, was the son of the Neo-Assyrian king Esarhaddon and his appointed successor as King of Babylon, ruling Babylonia from 668 BC to his death in 648 BC.
The Canon of Kings was a dated list of kings used by ancient astronomers as a convenient means to date astronomical phenomena, such as eclipses. The Canon was preserved by the astronomer Claudius Ptolemy, and is thus known sometimes as Ptolemy's Canon. It is one of the most important bases for our knowledge of ancient chronology.
Ashur-nadin-shumi was a son of the Neo-Assyrian king Sennacherib and was appointed by him as the King of Babylon, ruling southern Mesopotamia from 700 BC to his capture and execution by the Elamites in 694 BC. Ashur-nadin-shumi was probably Sennacherib's firstborn son and his first crown prince and thus the designated successor to the Assyrian throne.
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was an Iron Age Mesopotamian empire, in existence between 911 and 609 BC, and became the largest empire of the world up until that time. The Assyrians perfected early techniques of imperial rule, many of which became standard in later empires, The Assyrians were the first to be armed with iron weapons, and their troops employed advanced, effective military tactics.
Naqi’a held an advisory position to the throne under the title of queen mother during the reigns of Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal, her son and grandson.
Ashur-uballit II, also spelled Assur-uballit II and Ashuruballit II, was the final king of Assyria, ruling from his predecessor Sinsharishkun's death at the Fall of Nineveh in 612 BC to his own defeat at Harran in 609 BC. He was possibly the son of Sinsharishkun and likely the same person as a crown prince mentioned in inscriptions at the Assyrian capital of Nineveh in 626 and 623 BC.
The Sargonid dynasty was the final ruling dynasty of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, ruling as kings of Assyria for just over a century from the ascent of Sargon II in 722 BC to the fall of Assyria in 609 BC. Although Assyria would ultimately fall during their rule, the Sargonid dynasty ruled the country during the apex of its power and Sargon II's three immediate successors Sennacherib, Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal are generally regarded as three of the greatest Assyrian monarchs. Though the dynasty encompasses seven Assyrian kings, two vassal kings in Babylonia and numerous princes and princesses, the term "Sargonids" is sometimes used solely for Sennacherib, Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal.
Isaiah 37 is the thirty-seventh chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is a part of the Book of the Prophets.
Arda-Mulissu or Arda-Mulissi, also known as Urad-Mullissu and Arad-Ninlil and known in Hebrew writings as Adrammelech, was an ancient Assyrian prince of the Sargonid dynasty, the son of the Assyrian king Sennacherib and the older brother of Sennacherib's successor Esarhaddon. Arda-Mulissu had served as Sennacherib's crown prince and heir for several years, since the death of Sennacherib's first crown prince Ashur-nadin-shumi in 694 BC, but was for unknown reasons replaced as heir by Esarhaddon in 684 BC.
The Statue of Marduk, also known as the Statue of Bêl, was the physical representation of the god Marduk, the patron deity of the ancient city of Babylon, traditionally housed in the city's main temple, the Esagila. There were seven statues of Marduk in Babylon, but 'the' Statue of Marduk generally refers to the god's main statue, placed prominently in the Esagila and used in the city's rituals. This statue was nicknamed the Asullḫi and was made of a type of wood called mēsu and covered with gold and silver.
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