Aeonium arboreum

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Tree aeonium
Madeira, Palheiro Gardens - Aeonium arboreum (Marokko) IMG 2310.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Saxifragales
Family: Crassulaceae
Genus: Aeonium
Species:
A. arboreum
Binomial name
Aeonium arboreum
Synonyms [1]
  • Aeonium doramaeWebb ex A.Berger nom. inval.
  • Aeonium doremaeWebb ex Christ
  • Aeonium holochrysumWebb & Berthel.
  • Aeonium manriqueorumBolle
  • Aeonium rubrolineatumSvent.
  • Aeonium vestitumSvent.
  • Sempervivum arboreum L.
  • Sempervivum urbicumLindl. nom. illeg.

Aeonium arboreum, the tree aeonium, [2] tree houseleek, or Irish rose,[ citation needed ] is a succulent, subtropical subshrub in the flowering plant family Crassulaceae.

Contents

It is an invasive weed in places outside its natural distribution, for example as a garden escape throughout temperate southern Australia.[ citation needed ]

Description

Aeonium arboreum in a bush setting. Aeonium arboreum - Jardin Botanico Canario Viera y Clavijo - Gran Canaria - 01.jpg
Aeonium arboreum in a bush setting.

Aeonium arboreum grows as a less branched subshrub and reaches stature heights of up to 2 metres. The more or less upright or ascending, smooth, not net-like patterned stem axes have a diameter of 1 to 3 centimetres.

Their leaves are in flattened rosettes with diameters of 10 to 25 centimetres at the end of the stem axes together. Young leaves are pressed tightly together. The obovate to oblate lanceolate leaf blade is pointed toward its apex and wedge-shaped at the base. It is 130 to 380 mm (5 to 15 in) long, 25 to 115 mm (1 to 4+12 in) wide and 1.5 to 3 millimetres thick. The green, usually purple-colored, glossy leaf surface is almost bare. The leaf margin is set with curved eyelashes.

The conical to ovate inflorescence has a length of 10 to 25 centimetres and a diameter of 10 to 15 centimetres. The inflorescence stem is 130 to 510 mm (5 to 20 in) long. The flowers sit on a 2-to-12-millimetre-long, slightly fluffy flower stem. Its sepals are also slightly fluff-haired with a pointed top and wedge-shaped base that is smooth and shiny green, red or purple. The yellow, narrow oblong to lanceolate, pointed petals are 5 to 7 millimetres long and 1.5 to 2 millimetres wide. The stamens are bare. It bears rosettes of leaves and large pyramidal panicles of bright yellow flowers in the spring. [3]

Distribution

The plant is endemic to the western Canary Islands of Tenerife, La Palma, El Hierro, La Gomera and Gran Canaria. The populations found on the Iberian Peninsula, the Moroccan coast and the Mediterranean are likely to be considered neophytes. [4] In temperate regions it needs to be grown under glass.

Cultivation

Aeonium arboreum grows in sunny or slightly shaded places on weathered volcanic soil. [5] The purple cultivar 'Zwartkop' ('Schwartzkopf') has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [6] A variegated form is grown as cultivar 'variegatum'.

Varieties

The following variety names are accepted. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Aeonium</i> Genus of succulents

Aeonium, the tree houseleeks, is a genus of about 35 species of succulent, subtropical plants of the family Crassulaceae. Many species are popular in horticulture. The genus name comes from the ancient Greek αἰώνιος / aiōnios (ageless). While most of them are native to the Canary Islands, some are found in Madeira, Cape Verde, Morocco, in East Africa and Yemen.

<i>Codiaeum variegatum</i> Species of plant

Codiaeum variegatum is a species of plant in the genus Codiaeum, which is a member of the family Euphorbiaceae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It is native to Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia, and the western Pacific Ocean islands, growing in open forests and scrub.

<i>Gossypium arboreum</i> Species of flowering plant

Gossypium arboreum, commonly called tree cotton, is a species of cotton native to Indian subcontinent and other tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. There is evidence of its cultivation as long ago as the Indus Valley Civilisation of the Indus River for the production of cotton textiles. The shrub was included in Linnaeus's Species Plantarum published in 1753. The holotype was also supplied by him, which is now in the Linnean Herbarium in the Swedish Museum of Natural History.

<i>Cotyledon orbiculata</i> Species of plant

Cotyledon orbiculata, commonly known as pig's ear or round-leafed navel-wort, is a South African succulent plant belonging to the genus Cotyledon.

<i>Aeonium haworthii</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae

Aeonium haworthii, also known as Haworth's aeonium or pinwheel, is a species of succulent flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae. It is grown as a houseplant in temperate regions. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit, as has the cultivar 'Variegatum'.

<i>Aeonium undulatum</i> Species of succulent

Aeonium undulatum is a succulent, evergreen flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae. It is a subshrub, one of the larger species of Aeonium with an 8–12 inches (200–300 mm) rosette of bright, glossy green leaves often over a metre from the ground on a single, unbranched stem. Other rosettes do not branch off this stem (normally) but grow from the bottom, unlike most aeoniums. The plant is monocarpic so the flowering stem will die when after producing its yellow inflorescence, which is normally after about 5 years.

<i>Aeonium cuneatum</i> Species of succulent

Aeonium cuneatum is a succulent species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae. It has a large leaf rosette and no stem. The leaves are smooth but have a grey shine to the upper surface which can be rubbed. It offshoots easily which makes a large group of Aeoniums across the ground. The flower is yellow and more open than the flowers of some other Aeonium species.

<i>Aeonium glutinosum</i> Species of succulent

Aeonium glutinosum is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae endemic to Madeira, Portugal. It has fairly thick leaves and its appearance varies depending on its growing conditions. One characteristic is the very sticky stem of the inflorescence. The main flower is shown but small stalks with flowers continue to appear for several months.

<i>Aeonium tabuliforme</i> Species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family Crassulaceae endemic to Tenerife

Aeonium tabuliforme, the flat-topped aeonium or saucer plant, is a species of succulent plant in the family Crassulaceae, native and endemic to Tenerife in the Canary Islands. It is low-growing, typically reaching about 5 cm high but up to 45 cm in diameter. It grows on moist, north-facing cliffs and ledges at low altitude. A mass of fleshy, hairy, bright green leaves in flat rosettes is produced on short unbranched stems, often on vertical surfaces. This species is short-lived and dies after flowering. Plants often take 3–4 years to flower, at which point they produce a tall (40–60 cm) raceme of yellow flowers.

<i>Dudleya brittonii</i> Species of succulent plant found in Mexico

Dudleya brittonii, with the common names Britton's dudleya, Britton's liveforever and giant chalk dudleya, is a succulent plant in the family Crassulaceae. It is native to the coast of northern Baja California, Mexico. Both forms of the plant have yellow leaves on a clustered rosette atop a large reddish-purple peduncle. The white form of the plant has a chalky epicuticular wax that reflects light and reacts with water. The green form of the plant is more common and found throughout a wider range. It is among the largest of the Dudleya.

<i>Echeveria agavoides</i> Species of succulent

Echeveria agavoides, or lipstick echeveria, is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae, native to rocky areas of Mexico, notably the states of San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Guanajuato and Durango.

<i>Pachyphytum</i> Genus of succulents

Pachyphytum is a small genus of succulents in the family Crassulaceae, native to Mexico, at elevations from 600 to 1,500 metres. The name comes from the ancient Greek pachys (=thick) and phyton (=plant) because of the shape of the leaves.

<i>Echeveria runyonii</i> Species of succulent

Echeveria runyonii is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae, that is native to the state of Tamaulipas in Mexico. Several cultivars have been described and cultivated.

<i>Crassula ovata</i> Species of succulent

Crassula ovata, commonly known as jade plant, lucky plant, money plant or money tree, is a succulent plant with small pink or white flowers that is native to the KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa, and Mozambique; it is common as a houseplant worldwide. Much of its popularity stems from the low levels of care needed; the jade plant requires little water and can survive in most indoor conditions. It is sometimes referred to as the money tree; however, Pachira aquatica also has this nickname.

<i>Crassula subaphylla</i> Species of plant

Crassula subaphylla is a succulent plant belonging to the family Crassulaceae. It is widespread in the Karoo regions of South Africa and Namibia.

<i>Crassula atropurpurea</i> Species of succulent

Crassula atropurpurea is a succulent plant, very common and widespread in the southern Karoo regions of South Africa and Namibia.

<i>Aeonium dodrantale</i> Species of plant

Aeonium dodrantale is a species of tree houseleek in the family Crassulaceae.

<i>Aeonium glandulosum</i> Species of plant

Aeonium glandulosum is a species of subshrub of the family Crassulaceae endemic to the Madeira archipelago.

<i>Dudleya anomala</i> Species of plant

Dudleya anomala is a rare species of succulent plant in the family Crassulaceae commonly known as the Todos Santos liveforever. With a dense, cushion-forming habit, this leaf succulent is characterized by elongated stems, slightly sticky leaves, and bell-shaped flowers with white, spreading petals. This species is native to Baja California, Mexico, and is found primarily on islands and one coastal locality.

<i>Dudleya cymosa <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> cymosa</i> Subspecies of succulent perennial plant

Dudleya cymosasubsp. cymosa is a species of succulent perennial plant in the family Crassulaceae native to California. It is the autonymous subspecies for Dudleya cymosa, and is known by the common name canyon liveforever. It is native to the California Coast Ranges, the Sierra Nevada and the Santa Monica Mountains. It is characterized by bright-yellow, orange or red flowers and broad, wide leaves. This plant is commonly found growing on rocky outcrops, talus slopes, and in shaded canyons.

References

  1. 1 2 The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species , retrieved 30 July 2016
  2. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  3. Reto Nyffeler: Aeonium . In: Urs Eggli (ed.): Succulent Encyclopedia Volume 4 Crassulaceae (thick-leafed plants) . Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN   3-8001-3998-7 , p 13.
  4. "International Crassulaceae Network: Aeonium arboreum". International Crassulaceae Network. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
  5. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN   978-1405332965.
  6. Aeonium 'Zwartkop' AGM. Archived 2014-03-28 at the Wayback Machine Royal Horticultural Society