A dehydrogenase is an enzyme belonging to the group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by reducing an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+ or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN. Like all catalysts, they catalyze reverse as well as forward reactions, and in some cases this has physiological significance: for example, alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde in animals, but in yeast it catalyzes the production of ethanol from acetaldehyde.
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. The electrons that are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to the ETC involves four multi-subunit large enzymes complexes and two mobile electron carriers. Many of the enzymes in the electron transport chain are embedded within the membrane.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), also called methoxatin, is a redox cofactor and antioxidant. Produced by bacteria, it is found in soil and foods such as kiwifruit, as well as human breast milk. Enzymes using PQQ as a redox cofactor are called quinoproteins and play a variety of redox roles. Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase is used as a glucose sensor in bacteria. PQQ stimulates growth in bacteria. Eukaryote targets, including mammalian lactate dehydrogenase, are of more interest to health. It is suggested that PQQ taken as a dietary supplement could promote mitochondrial biogenesis via this pathway as well as PGC-1α.
The Pseudomonadaceae are a family of bacteria which includes the genera Azomonas, Azorhizophilus, Azotobacter, Mesophilobacter, Pseudomonas, and Rugamonas. The family Azotobacteraceae was recently reclassified into this family.
The oxidase test is used to determine if an organism possesses the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme. The test is used as an aid for the differentiation of Neisseria, Moraxella, Campylobacter and Pasteurella species. It is also used to differentiate pseudomonads from related species.
In enzymology, a carnitine 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.108) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:
In enzymology, an alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor) (EC 1.1.99.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a choline dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a polyvinyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a nitrite reductase (NO-forming) (EC 1.7.2.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Thiosulfate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:
Azurin is a small, periplasmic, bacterial blue copper protein found in Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes bacteria. Azurin moderates single-electron transfer between enzymes associated with the cytochrome chain by undergoing oxidation-reduction between Cu(I) and Cu(II). Each monomer of an azurin tetramer has a molecular weight of approximately 14kDa, contains a single copper atom, is intensively blue, and has a fluorescence emission band centered at 308 nm.
Polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) (EC 1.1.2.6, PVA dehydrogenase, PVADH) is an enzyme with systematic name polyvinyl alcohol:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) (EC 1.1.2.7, methanol dehydrogenase, MDH) is an enzyme with systematic name methanol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.1.5.5, type III ADH, membrane associated quinohaemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase) is an enzyme with systematic name alcohol:quinone oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Alcohol dehydrogenase (azurin) (EC 1.1.9.1, type II quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase, quinohaemoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase, QHEDH, ADHIIB) is an enzyme with systematic name alcohol:azurin oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase is an enzyme with systematic name D-glucose:acceptor oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Lupanine 17-hydroxylase (cytochrome c) (EC 1.17.2.2, lupanine dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)) is an enzyme with systematic name lupanine:cytochrome c-oxidoreductase (17-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
