Alopecurus geniculatus | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Clade: | Commelinids |
Order: | Poales |
Family: | Poaceae |
Subfamily: | Pooideae |
Genus: | Alopecurus |
Species: | A. geniculatus |
Binomial name | |
Alopecurus geniculatus L. 1753 not Lindh. ex Scheele 1849 nor Sibth. ex Steudel 1840 | |
Synonyms [1] | |
|
Alopecurus geniculatus is a species of grass known by the common name water foxtail [2] or marsh foxtail. [3] It is native to much of Eurasia and introduced into North America, South America, and Australia. It grows in moist areas. [4] [5] [6] [7]
Alopecurus geniculatus is a perennial grass forming bunches of erect stems up to about 60 cm (24 inches) in height. The leaves are up 12 cm (5 inches) in length. The pale green to purplish inflorescence is a dense panicle up to 6 or 7 cm long which blooms in dusty yellow-orange anthers. [8] [9] [10] reproduces sexually by seeds and can reproduce vegetatively by rooting at stem nodes. [2]
In Europe, it can be affected by a fungus, known as 'Foxtail Smut', Urocystis alopecuri . [11]
Alopecurus geniculatus is a component of purple moor grass and rush pastures a type of Biodiversity Action Plan habitat in the UK. It occurs on poorly drained neutral and acidic soils of the lowlands and upland fringe.
The grass has spread significantly in the United States since it was first introduced. [2]
State | First Observed |
---|---|
AK | 1940 |
AZ | 1941 |
AR | 1905 |
CA | 1900 |
CO | 1886 |
CT | 1900 |
DC | 1900 |
GA | 1929 |
ID | 1912 |
IL | 1860 |
IN | 1918 |
IA | 1894 |
KS | 1890 |
KY | 1900 |
LA | 1897 |
ME | 1893 |
MD | 1900 |
MA | 1874 |
MI | 1900 |
MN | 1900 |
MS | 1892 |
MT | 1884 |
NE | 1900 |
NV | 1978 |
NH | 1900 |
NJ | 1915 |
NM | 1904 |
NY | 1858 |
ND | 1915 |
OH | 1882 |
OK | 1896 |
OR | 1884 |
PA | 1900 |
RI | 1941 |
SD | 1900 |
TN | 1999 |
TX | 1899 |
UT | 1894 |
VT | 1921 |
WA | 1902 |
WV | 1900 |
WI | 1900 |
WY | 1888 |
Alopecurus geniculatus is known to hybridize with other members of the Alopecurus genus. Alopecurus x haussknechtianus is a hybrid between A. geniculatus and A. aequalis, Alopecurus x brachystylus is a hybrid between A. geniculatus and A. pratensis, Alopecurus x plettkei is s hybrid between A. geniculatus and A. bulbosus (Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland 2016) [2]
Timothy is an abundant perennial grass native to most of Europe except for the Mediterranean region. It is also known as timothy-grass, meadow cat's-tail or common cat's tail. It is a member of the genus Phleum, consisting of about 15 species of annual and perennial grasses.
Alopecurus pratensis, known as the meadow foxtail or the field meadow foxtail, is a perennial grass belonging to the grass family (Poaceae). It is native to Europe and Asia.
Alopecurus, or foxtail grass, is a common and widespread genus of plants in the grass family. It is common across temperate and subtropical parts of Eurasia, northern Africa, and the Americas, as well as naturalized in Australia and on various islands.
Aira is a genus of Old World plants in the grass family, native to western and southern Europe, central and southwest Asia, plus Africa.
Lycopodium clavatum is the most widespread species in the genus Lycopodium in the clubmoss family.
Polygonum arenastrum, commonly known as equal-leaved knotgrass, is a summer annual flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae. Other common names include common knotweed, prostrate knotweed, mat grass, oval-leaf knotweed, stone grass, wiregrass, and door weed, as well as many others. It is native to Europe and can be found on other continents as an introduced species and a common noxious weed. Knotweed was first seen in North America in 1809 and is now seen across much of the United States and Canada.
Scheuchzeria palustris, is a flowering plant in the family Scheuchzeriaceae, in which there is only one species and Scheuchzeria is the only genus. In the APG II system it is placed in the order Alismatales of the monocots.
Alopecurus myosuroides is an annual grass, native to Eurasia, found in moist meadows, deciduous forests, and on cultivated and waste land. It is also known as slender meadow foxtail, black-grass, twitch grass, and black twitch.
Arabis hirsuta, known as hairy rock-cress, is a flowering plant of the genus Arabis in the family Brassicaceae. In previous North American works, this species has been broadly defined to include plants native to Europe, Asia, and the northern half of North America, but is now more often restricted to a narrower subgroup restricted to Europe.
Comarum palustre, known by the common names purple marshlocks, swamp cinquefoil and marsh cinquefoil, is a common waterside shrub. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout North America, Europe, and Asia, particularly the northern regions. It is most commonly found on lake shores, marshy riversides and stream margins, often partly submerged with foliage floating. It is a parent of some Fragaria–Comarum hybrids, ornamental plants produced by crossing with strawberries.
Setaria faberi, the Japanese bristlegrass, nodding bristle-grass, Chinese foxtail, Chinese millet, giant bristlegrass, giant foxtail or nodding foxtail, is an Asian grass. It is a summer annual, with plants emerging from seeds in the spring, and setting seeds in the late summer or fall.
Ampelodesmos is a genus of Mediterranean plants in the grass family, which is known by the common names stramma, Mauritania grass, rope grass, and dis(s) grass. It is classified in its own tribe Ampelodesmeae within the grass subfamily Pooideae.
Alopecurus aequalis is a common species of grass known as shortawn foxtail or orange foxtail. It is native to much of the temperate Northern Hemisphere from Eurasia to North America. It is most commonly found in areas near fresh water, such as the margins of ponds and ditches.
Alopecurus carolinianus is a species of grass known by the common names Carolina foxtail and tufted foxtail.
Alopecurus saccatus is a species of grass known by the common name Pacific foxtail, or Pacific meadow foxtail.
Urocystis is a genus of smut fungi containing plant pathogens, which infect grass species and other plants.
Potamogeton compressus is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names grass-wrack pondweed, flatstem pondweed and eel-grass pondweed.
Setaria pumila is a species of grass known by many common names, including yellow foxtail, yellow bristle-grass, pigeon grass, and cattail grass. It is native to Europe, but it is known throughout the world as a common weed. It grows in lawns, sidewalks, roadsides, cultivated fields, and many other places. This annual grass grows 20 centimetres to well over 1 metre in height, its mostly hairless stems ranging from green to purple-tinged in color. The leaf blades are hairless on the upper surfaces, twisting, and up to 30 centimetres long. The inflorescence is a stiff, cylindrical bundle of spikelets 2 to 15 centimetres long with short, blunt bristles. The panicle may appear yellow or yellow-tinged.
Setaria verticillata is a species of grass known by the common names hooked bristlegrass, rough bristle-grass and bristly foxtail. It is native to Europe, but it is known on most continents as an introduced species and often a noxious weed. It is a hardy bunchgrass which grows in many types of urban, cultivated, and disturbed habitat. It is a weed of many types of agricultural crops, growing in vineyards and fields. Herbicide-resistant strains have been noted.
Deinandra fasciculata, known by the common names clustered tarweed and fascicled spikeweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to western North America.