Amphisphaeriaceae

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Amphisphaeriaceae
Amphisphaeriaceae (fungi).jpg
Pelotia fungi, a species of Amphisphaeriaceae
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Amphisphaeriales
Family: Amphisphaeriaceae
G.Winter (1885)
Type genus
Amphisphaeria
Ces. & De Not. (1863)

The Amphisphaeriaceae are a family of fungi that is mainly found in parts of New Zealand, South America, Asia and parts of Europe. According to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, there were 41 genera placed within the family, although the position of 13 of those genera is uncertain. [1] The 2020 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa severely reduced the family to 4 members. [2]

Contents

Origins and controversies

This family of fungi was established as Amphispaerieae to contain the previously unclassified genera Caryospora , Strickeria , Ohleria , and Amphisphaeria , among others. However, the name was forgotten over time. In 1964, the name was reintroduced as the current Amphisphaeriaceae, and genera such as Apiorynchostoma , and again, Amphisphaeria. There was plenty of controversy about which order the Amphisphaeriaceae should be placed in. In 1973, Amphisphaeriaceae was placed under the order Sphaeriales (and some sources still classify it as such). In 1983, however, Amphisphaeriaceae was placed in under the order Amphisphaeriales , along with Cainiaceae , and Hyponectriaceae . After much study, however, Cainiaceae was merged with Amphisphaeriaceae, and were considered Xylariaceous. Because of this, Amphisphaeriaceae was officially placed in the order Xylariales in 1993. In 2020, it was placed by in the order Amphisphaeriales and also subclass Xylariomycetidae. [2]

Current status

Amphisphaeriaceae is a large, complicated family of Ascomycota. The asci are cylindrical or club-shaped, and they have a simple top ring that is amyloid (starchy), or sometimes nonamyloid. Many Amphisphaeriaceae genera have not been linked to anamorphs.

Leaf affected with Monochaetia fungi, a genus of Amphisphaeriaceae Affectedleaf.jpg
Leaf affected with Monochaetia fungi, a genus of Amphisphaeriaceae

Many fungi that are part of the family are fatal to plants, causing them to die. In fact, several genera of Amphisphaeriaceae have been listed as invasive species.

Genera

In 2007, it held 41 genera; Amphisphaerella — Amphisphaeria — Arecophila — Blogiascospora — Broomella — Cannonia — Capsulospora — Ceriophora — Ceriospora — Chitonospora — Clypeophysalospora — Discostroma — Distorimula — Dyrithiopsis — Dyrithium — Ellurema — Flagellosphaeria — Frondispora — Funiliomyces — Griphosphaerioma — Iodosphaeria — Lanceispora — Leiosphaerella — Lepteutypa — Lindquistomyces — Manokwaria — Monochaetia — Monographella — Mukhakesa — Neobroomella — Neohypodiscus — Ommatomyces — Oxydothis — Paracainiella — Pemphidium — Pestalosphaeria — Reticulosphaeria — Urosporella — Urosporellopsis and Xylochora . [1]

In 2020, it was just 4 genera; [2]

Figures in brackets are approx. how many species per genus.

Of the previous genera; Amphisphaerella (lost) — Arecophila (now in Cainiaceae family) — Blogiascospora (lost) — Broomella (now Sporocadaceae) — Cannonia (Coniochaetales genera incertae sedis) — Capsulospora (lost) — Ceriophora — Ceriospora (lost) — Chitonospora (Amphisphaeriales genus incertae sedis) — Clypeophysalospora (Clypeophysalosporaceae) — Discostroma (lost) — Distorimula (lost) — Dyrithiopsis (within Hymenopleella genus, Sporocadaceae) — Dyrithium (lost) — Ellurema (lost) — Flagellosphaeria (lost) — Frondispora (lost) — Funiliomyces (lost) — Iodosphaeria (Iodosphaeriaceae) — Lanceispora (Xylariales genera incertae sedis) — Leiosphaerella (Pseudomassariaceae) — Lindquistomyces (lost) — Manokwaria (lost) — Monochaetia (Sporocadaceae) — Monographella (in Idriella genus, Microdochiaceae) — Mukhakesa (lost) — Neobroomella (lost) — Neohypodiscus (Boliniaceae) — Ommatomyces (Clypeosphaeriaceae) — Oxydothis (Oxydothidaceae) — Paracainiella (lost) — Pemphidium (lost) — Pestalosphaeria (Pestalotiopsidaceae) — Reticulosphaeria (lost) — Urosporella (Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis) — Urosporellopsis (lost) and Xylochora (lost). [2]

Works cited

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xylariales</span> Order of fungi

The Xylariales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes, subdivision Pezizomycotina, division Ascomycota. It was the original order of the subclass Xylariomycetidae. Xylariales was circumscribed in 1932 by Swedish mycologist John Axel Nannfeldt, and Xylariomycetidae by Ove Erik Eriksson and Katarina Winka in 1997. In 2020, more families were added to the order.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xylariomycetidae</span> Subclass of fungi

Xylariomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi.

<i>Iodosphaeria</i> Genus of fungi

Iodosphaeria is a genus of fungi in the family Amphisphaeriaceae. Most of species of Iodosphaeria are saprobes that feed on dead leaves and twigs of various hosts such as the Argentine white pine. No species have been reported as pathogenic to hosts. As of January 2022, it contains eleven species.

The Hyponectriaceae are a family of fungi, that was formerly in the order Xylariales. It was placed in the Amphisphaeriales order in 2020.

Allophoron is a genus of fungi in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the division is unknown, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single lichen species Allophoron farinosum, found in Colombia. The genus and species were described as new in 1942 by Czech lichenologist Josef Nádvorník.

Antimanoa is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the division is unknown, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Antimanoa grisleae, originally collected from Venezuela. The genus and species were described as new to science in 1930 by German mycologist Hans Sydow.

Phragmitensis is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum.

Aquaticola is a genus of fungi in the Cephalothecaceae family of the Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the Sordariomycetes class is unknown, except that it is in subclass Diaporthomycetidae, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any order.

Fusoidispora is a fungal genus in the Annulatascaceae family of the Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the Sordariomycetes class is unknown, except that it is in subclass Diaporthomycetidae, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any order. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Fusoidispora aquatica.

Frondicola is a fungal genus in the Hyponectriaceae family and Xylariales order. It was formerly placed in the Annulatascaceae family of the Ascomycota. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Frondicola tunitricuspis, described as new to science by mycologist Kevin Hyde in 1992.

Adomia is a genus of fungi in the Xylariales order of the Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Adomia avicenniae.

The Apiosporaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota. It was placed in the order Amphisphaeriales in 2020.

Hapsidospora is a genus of fungi in the Hypocreales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. Unchanged in 2020.

Peloronectria is a genus of fungi in the Hypocreales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. Unchanged in 2020.

Pseudomeliola is a genus of fungi in the Hypocreales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. Unchanged in 2020.

Scopinella is a genus of fungi in the Coronophorales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order was unknown, It has been placed into the family of Ceratostomataceae.

Fluminicola is a fungal genus in the family Papulosaceae of the Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the Sordariomycetes class is unknown, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any order. This is was a monotypic genus, containing the single species Fluminicola bipolaris until new species were found in 2017 and 2021.

Bruceomycetaceae is a small family of fungi in the order Lecanorales. It contains two genera, each of which contains a single species.

Xenus lithophylli is a species of lichenized ascomycete fungus discovered in 1992, composing the entire monotypic genus Xenus. It is found parasiting the calcified algae Lithophyllum, and lives attached to corals in Belize, in the Caribbean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amphisphaeriales</span> Order of fungi

The Amphisphaeriales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes and subclass Xylariomycetidae.

References

  1. 1 2 Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany. 13: 1–58. Archived from the original on 2009-03-18.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 .
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