Andahuaylas uprising

Last updated
Andahuaylazo
Part of the Internal conflict in Peru
Andahuaylazo comisaria.jpg
Date1–4 January 2005
Location
Andahuaylas, Peru [a]
ActionRebellion:
  • Armed confrontations with law enforcement
  • Kidnapping of police officers [2]
  • Power outages
Result

Government victory:

  • Humala is arrested on January 3rd
  • Rebels surrender on January 4th
Belligerents

Flag of Peru (state).svg Government of Peru

Emblem of the Ethnocacerist movement.svg Ethnocacerists
Flag of Peru (war).svg Retired armed forces members

Bandera Andahuaylas.svg Local supporters
Commanders and leaders
Insignia of the President of Peru.svg Alejandro Toledo
Flag of the National Police of Peru.svg Félix Murazzo  [ es ]
Flag of the National Police of Peru.svg José Williams 		Emblem of the Ethnocacerist movement.svg Antauro Humala  (POW)
Emblem of the Ethnocacerist movement.svg Marco Vizcarra  White flag icon.svg
Strength
300+ DINOES members 160 reservists and ethnocacerists
1,000+ locals (3–4 Jan)
Casualties and losses
4 killed
5 wounded		 2 killed
9 wounded

The Andahuaylas uprising, better known in Peru as the Andahuaylazo, [3] was a military uprising that took place in the Peruvian city of Andahuaylas and was led by the retired Peruvian Army major Antauro Humala, who, leading 160 reservists, [4] demanded the resignation of then-President Alejandro Toledo among other key objectives. [1] It took place between January 1 and 4, 2005, ending with the capture of Antauro Humala and the surrender of his followers.

Contents

The rebels had the objective of transforming power, through the implementation of major reforms, since they wanted a transitional government under a constituent assembly with the command of different leaders, who, according to the rebels, would have changed the lifestyle of the population and the Peruvian state system itself.

Background

Brothers Ollanta and Antauro Humala, officers of the Peruvian Army and followers of the principles of ethnocacerism outlined by their father, lawyer Isaac Humala, began to gain public notoriety when they led an uprising in Locumba against the government of Alberto Fujimori, then in its final stages, on October 29, 2000. [5] After being arrested and prosecuted for rebellion, sedition and insulting their superior, they were released and amnestied by Congress, already under the transitional government of Valentín Paniagua, on December 21, 2000. [6]

Subsequently, during the mandate of Alejandro Toledo, Ollanta Humala was appointed as a deputy to the Peruvian military attaché in France, in January 2003, and then as a military attaché to the Peruvian Embassy in South Korea, in June 2004. Meanwhile, Antauro Humala launched himself on a mission to oppose the government of Toledo, demanding his resignation and his submission to a "residence trial." Due to his weekly publication's tone against the Peruvian Armed Forces, accusing them of being part of a "Fujimorist mafia", he received support from many followers of ethnocacerism. [6]

By December 2004, reports from the General Intelligence Directorate of the Ministry of the Interior already warned about the initial movements of Antauro Humala's ethnocacerist reservists in Andahuaylas. Despite this, then-Interior Minister Javier Reátegui ignored the warnings. [2]

Timeline

Day 1

The main police station of Andahuaylas staffed 80 troops on a normal day. However, due to the New Year's celebrations, only 10 officers were manning the post on January 1. [6] At 4:25 in the morning of January 1, 2005, Antauro Humala, in command of 160 unarmed reservists (many of them veterans of the Cenepa War and of the internal conflict) entered the city through Peru Avenue and captured the police command, [7] after a weak and short resistance by the few police officers, it is said that in reality the number of reservists was around 300, but they were hidden in strategic areas. [8]

The ethnocaceristas seized 80 HK-G3 rifles, 4 shotguns, 29 war grenades, 11 pistols, 800 tear gas canisters and 50,000 bullet cartridges, as well as 2 police patrol cars, and in the words of Antauro himself, "5 manzanas from the city of Andahuaylas." [8] During the day, a small police patrol returned to the headquarters and tried to regain control of the post. It was during this confrontation that 5 police officers and 2 reservists were injured. 17 police officers and soldiers were taken hostage, who were displayed to the locals. [6]

Day 2

At 5 in the morning of January 2, 2005, the rebels ambushed a patrol car of the Green Squadron of the Peruvian Police near the police station, reportedly killing police officers Carlos Cahuana Pacheco, Luis Chávez Vásquez, Ricardo Rivera Fernández and Abelardo Cerrón Carbajal. [5] According to the only survivor of the attack, Humala reportedly exclaimed to his hosts: "We have killed four state dogs!" [6] [b]

Toledo and Reátegui, who were vacationing in northern Punta Sal, were forced to return to Lima to deal with the situation. [1] [6] As such, over 300 members of the National Division of Special Operations (DINOES) were ordered to the scene and a state of emergency was declared. [2] [6] An ultimatum was also given to the rebels. [1]

Day 3

On January 3, more than a thousand locals marched into the main square, led by Humala. At first it was thought that Humala would surrender, but that did not happen. [6] The leader of the riot met with General Félix Murazzo  [ es ] of the Police. [2] When Antauro returned triumphantly to the police station, some bullets killed a reservist and injured two more of them and also two civilians. However, when negotiating his surrender, Humala was arrested in the Municipality of Andahuaylas. [2] [6]

Day 4

The uprising came to an end after the 150 rebels who retreated to the police station after Humala's arrest surrendered to the local police after receiving a letter by Humala that indicated they should put their weapons down. [2] [5] [6] Humala was then imprisoned at the Piedras Gordas prison, later being transferred to a military prison in Chorrillos and then Ancón II until the end of his sentence. [6]

Notes

  1. ↑ Some 100 supporters of the movement were also reported to be present in Arequipa. [1]
  2. ↑ In 2015, a report from the Criminalistics Directorate of the Peruvian National Police indicated that the bullets that caused the officers' death came from a place opposite from the group, alluding to police snipers located at nearby Huayhuaca hill on the orders of Otto Guibovich as the possible perpetrators. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union for Peru</span> Political party in Peru

Union for Peru is a Peruvian political party founded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, an ex-UN Secretary General, in 1994 to run for the presidency of Peru in the 1995 general elections. Originally a social democratic party, the party became the main political home of the Peruvian ethnocacerist movement in the late-2010s after a group led by former Army Major Antauro Humala joined the party. Humala later formed the Patriotic Front in 2018 and contested the 2021 general elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antauro Humala</span> Army major and politician in Peru

Antauro Igor Humala Tasso is a Peruvian ethnocacerist, a former army major, and nationalist leader. He has been the Leader of the political party ANTAURO since its creation in 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethnocacerism</span> Political movement in Peru

The ethnocacerist movement is a Peruvian ethnic nationalist movement that espouses an ideology called ethnocacerism. The movement seeks to establish a dictatorship of the proletariat led by the country's Indigenous communities and their descendants. It draws on the ideas and history of several Indigenous and anti-colonial movements, including those of Juan Velasco Alvarado, Evo Morales, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Muammar Gaddafi, and Che Guevara. Ethnocacerism is considered an Indigenist ideology and is currently represented in electoral politics by the Union for Peru party and other smaller parties. The ideology is also followed by Peruvian militant groups such as the Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists and Ejército de Reservistas Andino Amazónico – T.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006 Peruvian general election</span>

General elections were held in Peru in on 9 April 2006 to elect the President, two Vice-Presidents, 120 members of Congress and five members of the Andean Parliament for the 2006–2011 period. As the no presidential candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round was held on 4 June between the top two candidates, Ollanta Humala and Alan García. Garcia won the run-off with 52.63% to Humala's 47.37%. He was subsequently inaugurated on 28 July 2006, Peruvian Independence Day.

Isaac Humala Núñez is a Peruvian labour lawyer and the ideological leader of the Movimiento Etnocacerista, a group of ethnic nationalists in Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ollanta Humala</span> President of Peru from 2011 to 2016

Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso is a Peruvian politician and former military officer who served as President of Peru from 2011 to 2016. Originally a socialist and left-wing nationalist, he is considered to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the political centre during his presidency.

Indigenismo is a political ideology in several Latin American countries which emphasizes the relationship between the nation state and indigenous nations and indigenous peoples. In some contemporary uses, it refers to the pursuit of greater social and political inclusion for indigenous peoples in Latin America, whether through nation-wide reforms or region-wide alliances. In either case, this type of indigenismo seeks to vindicate indigenous cultural and linguistic difference, assert indigenous rights, and seek recognition and in some cases compensation for past wrongdoings of the colonial and republican states. Nevertheless, some historical figures like José Martí are classified as having been both indigenistas and hispanistas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Víctor Isla</span>

Víctor Isla Rojas is a Peruvian lawyer, businessman and politician. He was a former Congressman representing the Loreto region for two terms, from 2006 to 2016 and was President of the Congress between 2012 and 2013. Before he became a congressman, he was the Vice Governor of Loreto serving between 2003 and 2006 and served as Provincial Councillor of Alto Amazonas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011 Peruvian general election</span>

General elections were held in Peru on 10 April 2011 to elect the president, the vice presidents, 130 members of Congress and five members of the Andean Parliament. As no presidential candidate received a majority in the first round, a second round was held on 5 June to determine the successor of outgoing president Alan García. Former army officer Ollanta Humala narrowly defeated Keiko Fujimori, daughter of imprisoned former President Alberto Fujimori. Humala was sworn in as the 94th President of Peru on 28 July.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Possible Peru Electoral Alliance</span> Political party in Peru

The Possible Peru Electoral Alliance was an electoral alliance in Peru formed for the 2011 general election, dominated by the eponymous party Possible Peru and led by presidential candidate and ex-president Alejandro Toledo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daniel Mora</span> Peruvian military officer and politician

Daniel Emiliano Mora Zevallos is a Peruvian military officer and politician belonging to the Possible Peru. He was the first Minister of Defense in Ollanta Humala's government and a Congressman, representing the Constitutional Province of Callao for the 2011–2016 term.

Javier Reátegui Rosello is a Possible Peru Alliance member and a former Peruvian Interior Minister. He resigned in 2005 due to events relating to Antauro Humala occupying a rural police station in Andahuaylas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hatun Asha ambush</span> 2016 attacks in Santo Domingo, Peru

2016 attacks in Santo Domingo de Acobamba and Llochegua took place on the eve of the 2016 Peruvian general election, when groups of Shining Path guerrilla fighters armed with long-range rifles and grenades, ambushed a Peruvian military caravan of eight vehicles at Hatun Asha. The ambush began at approximately 5:00 (a.m.), when guerrillas targeted a Peruvian military patrol along a rural road within the Santo Domingo de Acobamba District, located in the District of Huancayo. The vehicles were transporting election ballots and related materials and their transport was handled by soldiers of the 311th Battalion of the Peruvian Armed Forces, who were tasked with guarding polling places in the central Junin region, while the patrol was also to serve in Lima. The ambush left a total of nine government soldiers and two civilian contractors dead as well as five others who escaped wounded. Two hours after the attack, a second attack occurred in Mayapo, on the Llochegua District in Ayacucho, where one police officer was injured and taken to a hospital in Pichari.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alberto Otárola</span> Prime Minister of Peru (2022–2024)

Luis Alberto Otárola Peñaranda is a Peruvian attorney and politician who was the Prime Minister of Peru from 2022 until his resignation in 2024. He previously served as Minister of Defense twice, under Ollanta Humala and Dina Boluarte.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palestine–Peru relations</span> Bilateral relations

Palestine–Peru relations are bilateral relations between the State of Palestine and Republic of Peru. Peru recognized Palestine as a sovereign state on 24 January 2011. Both nations are members of the Non-Aligned Movement. Palestine has an embassy in Lima.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022–2023 Apurímac protests</span> Conflict in central Peru

The 2022–2023 Apurímac protests corresponds to a series of protests and violent confrontations that began on 10 December 2022 in the department of Apurímac in the context of the December 2022 Peruvian protests. The protesters demand the resignation of President Dina Boluarte, the closure of the Congress of the Republic, and new general elections. Unlike the protests in other regions and cities, in Apurímac the confrontations are more violent, and criminal acts have been recorded, such as the kidnapping of police officers and attacks on police stations. The Boluarte government declared a state of emergency, removing some constitutional protections from citizens, including the rights preventing troops from staying within private homes and buildings, freedom of movement, freedom of assembly and "personal freedom and security".

The Locumba uprising, also called Locumbazo, was a military uprising that took place in Locumba, Peru, and the Toquepala mine on Sunday, 29 October 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists</span> Rebel military group in Peru

The Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists (ASPRET) is an ethnonationalist paramilitary group, active in the VRAEM conflict zone in Peru. The group is led by Eddy Villarroel Medina, also known as "Comandante Sacha," a former member of the Peruvian Armed Forces. ASPRET's primary objective is to gain political power, and overthrow the Peruvian state. Members of the group call themselves the "guardians of the people" and have participated in riots in Oxapampa and Puerto Bermudez. ASPRET has an alliance with the Militarized Communist Party of Peru from 2017. The group has also been accused of being connected to Hezbollah, which it denies. Many members of the movement are armed forces veterans of Peru's internal wars or the border disputes with Ecuador in the 1980s and 1990s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, University Students, and Reservists</span> Peruvian political party

The National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, University Students and Reservists, or just the National Alliance is a Peruvian political party. Founded in 2023, it is led by Antauro Humala, leader of the Ethnocacerist movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Go on Country – Social Integration Party (2000)</span> Political party in Peru

Go on Country – Social Integration Party was a Peruvian political party. Founded in the northern city of Santiago de Chuco, La Libertad in 2000, the party nominated Ulises Humala, brother of future President Ollanta Humala, for the presidency in the 2006 general election, in the election, the party received 1.1% of the popular vote but no seats in the Congress of the Republic. The presidential ticket itself attained 0.2%, placing fourteenth nationally and subsequently lost its registration.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Puertas, Laura (2005-01-03). "Ex militares de Perú se sublevan y piden la renuncia de Toledo" . El País . Archived from the original on Mar 13, 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "(CRONOLOGÍA) 'Andahuaylazo', el intento de golpe que dejó seis muertos". El Comercio . 2011-05-19. Archived from the original on Nov 3, 2012.
  3. ↑ "Antauro Humala begins trial for 2005 assault on police station". Andean Air Mail & PERUVIAN TIMES. 28 March 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  4. ↑ Villarroel Zurita, Alexander (2020-04-06). "Antauro Humala y el 'andahuaylazo', el caso que lo llevó a prisión por 19 años" . El Comercio . Archived from the original on May 22, 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 Meza, Sebastian (2022-08-22). "¿Qué pasó en el Andahuaylazo, hecho por el que Antauro Humala fue condenado y no se arrepiente?". La República . Archived from the original on Jan 21, 2023.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Antauro Humala: ¿qué fue el 'Andahuaylazo'?". Caretas . 2022-08-21. Archived from the original on Mar 13, 2023.
  7. ↑ Capuñay Reátegui, Christian (2022-08-24). "El Andahuaylazo". El Peruano . Archived from the original on Mar 13, 2023.
  8. 1 2 Recordando el "Andahuaylazo" [Remembering the "Andahuaylazo"] (in Spanish). Buenos días, Perú. 2012. Archived from the original on Mar 13, 2023.
  9. ↑ Ayma, Diego (2015-02-02). "Andahuaylazo: ¿Policías asesinados por francotiradores militares?". Diario Correo.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.