Antrodia

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Antrodia
Kuusekorgik (Antrodia serialis).JPG
Antrodia serialis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Polyporales
Family: Fomitopsidaceae
Genus: Antrodia
P.Karst. (1879) [1]
Type species
Antrodia serpens
(Fr.) P.Karst. (1879)
Species

~50

Synonyms [2]

Antrodia is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. Antrodia species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be turned so as to form narrow brackets. Most species are found in temperate and boreal forests, and cause brown rot.

Contents

Description

Antrodia are effused-resupinate, that is, they lie stretched out on the growing surface with the hymenium exposed on the outer side, but turned out at the edges to form brackets. When present, these brackets are typically white or pale brown. The pores on the surface of the hymenium may be round or angular. The context is white or pale. All species cause brown-rot. Typically, basidiospores are thin-walled, cylindrical, and narrowly ellipsoidal or fusiform in shape. [5] Most species grow on the wood of coniferous trees, except for A. albida, which grows on the dead wood of deciduous trees. [6]

Distribution

Roughly twenty-nine species are known from Europe, [7] 21 species in North America, [8] and 18 species in East Asia, [9] although more new species have been reported since the time of these publications.

Taxonomy

The modern definition of the genus follows the description given by Gilbertson and Ryvarden (1986), in their monograph North American Polypores. [8]

In order to reliably identify the various species and strains of medicinal Antrodia, genetic markers have been developed and phylogenetic analyses performed. [10] These analyses have demonstrated that there are three distinct phylogenetic lineages within the genus Antrodia.

Species

Antrodia albobrunnea Antrodia albobrunnea FI.jpg
Antrodia albobrunnea

The following species are recognised in the genus Antrodia: [11]

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<i>Ceriporia</i> Genus of fungi

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<i>Skeletocutis</i> Genus of fungi

Skeletocutis is a genus of about 40 species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although most species are found in the Northern Hemisphere. It causes a white rot in a diverse array of woody substrates, and the fruit bodies grow as a crust on the surface of the decaying wood. Sometimes the edges of the crust are turned outward to form rudimentary bracket-like caps.

<i>Fibroporia</i> Genus of fungi

Fibroporia is a genus of ten species of poroid crust fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. The genus contains species similar to those in genus Antrodia, but they are phylogenetically distinct.

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<i>Rhodofomitopsis</i> Genus of fungi

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<i>Sarcoporia</i> Genus of fungi

Sarcoporia is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Petter Karsten in 1894, with the widespread fungus Sarcoporia polyspora as the type species. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek words σάρξ ("flesh") and πόρος ("pore").

References

  1. ↑ Karsten P. (1880). "Symbolae ad Mycologian Fennicam 6". Meddelanden Af Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in Latin). 5: 15–46.
  2. ↑ "Synonymy: Antrodia P. Karst". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
  3. ↑ Murrill WA. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America: XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32 (9): 469–93 (see p. 481). doi:10.2307/2478463. JSTOR   2478463.
  4. ↑ Kotlába F, Pouzar Z (1958). "Polypori novi vel minus cogniti Cechoslovakiae III". Ceská Mykologie. 12 (2): 95–104.
  5. ↑ Dai YC, Niemelä T (2002). "Changbai wood-rotting fungi 13". Antrodia sensu lato". Annales Botanici Fennici. 39: 257–265.
  6. ↑ Ellis JB, Ellis MB (1990). Fungi without Gills (Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes): An Identification Handbook. London, UK: Chapman and Hall. p. 27. ISBN   0-412-36970-2.
  7. ↑ Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1993). European polypores 1. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 6. pp. 1–387.
  8. 1 2 Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1986). North American Polypores. Oslo, Norway: Fungiflora. ISBN   0-945345-06-2.
  9. ↑ Núñez M, Ryvarden L (2001). East Asian polypores 2. Polyporaceae s. lato. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 14. pp. 170–522.
  10. ↑ Chiu HH. (2007). "Phylogenetic analysis ofAntrodia species and Antrodia camphorata inferred from internal transcribed spacer region". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 91 (3): 267–76. doi:10.1007/s10482-006-9116-4. PMID   17072535. S2CID   25431381.
  11. ↑ "Species Fungorum - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  12. ↑ Cui BK, Li HJ, Dai YC (2011). "Wood-rotting fungi in eastern China 6. Two new species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota) from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui Province". Mycotaxon. 116: 13–20. doi: 10.5248/116.13 .
  13. ↑ Vlasák J, Vlasák J Jr, Ryvarden L (2012). "Four new polypore species from the western United States". Mycotaxon. 119: 217–31. doi: 10.5248/119.217 .
  14. 1 2 Kout, Jiří; Vlasák, Josef; Vlasák Jr., Josef (2017). "Antrodia multiformis and A. tenerifensis spp. nov. (Fomitopsidaceae, Basidiomycota): new brown rot polypores". Mycological Progress. 16 (7): 737–742. Bibcode:2017MycPr..16..737K. doi:10.1007/s11557-017-1310-4. S2CID   27715816.
  15. ↑ Cui BK. (2013). "Antrodia tropica sp. nov. from southern China inferred from morphological characters and molecular data". Mycological Progress. 12 (2): 223–30. Bibcode:2013MycPr..12..223C. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0829-7. S2CID   8400718.
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