Aplousobranchia

Aplousobranchia
Didemnum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Tunicata
Class:	Ascidiacea
Order:	Aplousobranchia Lahille, 1887
Families
See text.
Synonyms
Krikobranchiae

Aplousobranchia is an order of sea squirts in the class Ascidiacea, first described by Fernando Lahille in 1886. ^{[1] [2]} They are colonial animals, and are distinguished from other sea squirts by the presence of relatively simple pharyngeal baskets. This provides the etymology of their name: in Ancient Greek, ἁ.πλοος-ους (ha.ploos-ous) means "simple". The posterior part of the abdomen contains the heart and gonads, and is typically larger than in other sea squirts.

Taxonomy

Order Aplousobranchia ^[3]

• Family Clavelinidae Forbes & Hanley 1848 [Pycnoclavellidae Kott 1990]
  • Clavelina Savigny 1816 [BradiclavellaZirpolo 1925; ChondrostachysMacdonald 1858; DendroclavellaOka 1927; PodoclavellaHerdman 1890; RhodozonaVan Name 1902; StereoclavellaHerdman 1890; SynclavellaCaullery 1900]
  • Euclavella Kott 1990
  • Nephtheis Gould 1856 [OxycoryniaDrasche 1882]
  • Pycnoclavella Garstang 1891 [ArchiascidiaJulin 1904]
• Family Diazonidae Garstang 1891
  • Diazona Savigny 1816 [AphanibranchionOka 1906; SyntethysForbes & Goodsir 1851; DiagonumTroschel 1842; DiagomaWade 1842]
  • Pseudodiazona Millar 1963 [Patridium Kott 1975]
  • Pseudorhopalaea Millar 1975
  • Rhopalaea Philippi 1843 [RhopalonaRoule 1886; RhopalopsisHerdman 1890]
  • Tylobranchion Herdman 1886
• Family Didemnidae Giard 1872 [Diplosominae Giard 1872]
  • Atriolum Kott 1983
  • ClitellaKott 2001
  • Coelocormus Herdman 1886
  • Didemnum Savigny 1816 [DidemnoidesDrasche 1883; DiplosomoidesHerdman 1886 non Lahille 1890; HypurgonSollas 1903; LeptoclinumMilne-Edwards 1842; SarcodidemnoidesOka & Willey 1892; TetradidemnumDella Valle 1881]
  • Diplosoma Macdonald 1859 [ArenadiplosomaMenker & Ax 1970; AstelliumGiard 1872; LioclinumVerrill 1871; PseudodidemnumGiard 1872; Pseudodiplosoma]
  • Leptoclinides Bjerkan 1905 [AskonidesKott 1962]
  • Lissoclinum Verrill 1871 [DiplosomoidesLahille 1890 non Herdman 1886; EchinoclinumVan Name 1902; PolysomaKott 1983]
  • Polysyncraton Nott 1892
  • Trididemnum Della Valle 1881 [DidemnoidesLahille 1890 non Drasche 1884; DidemnopsisHartmeyer 1903]
• Family Euherdmaniidae Ritter 1904
  • Euherdmania Ritter 1904 [HerdmaniaRitter 1903 non Lahille 1888]
• Family Holozoidae Berrill 1950
  • ColellaHerdman 1886 nomen nudum ^[4]
  • Distaplia Della Valle 1881 [Celulophana; HolozoaLesson 1832; JuliniaCalman 1894; LeptobotrylloidesOka 1927]
  • Hypsistozoa Brewin 1953
  • Hypodistoma Tokioka 1967
  • Neodistoma Kott 1990
  • Polydistoma Kott 1990
  • Protoholozoa Kott 1969
  • Pseudoplacentela Sanamyan 1993
  • Sycozoa Lesson 1832 [CyathocormusOka 1913]
  • Sigillina Savigny 1816 [AtapozoaBrewin 1946; AtopozoaBrewin 1956; HyperiodistomaMichaelsen 1930]
• Family Placentelidae Kott 1992
  • Placentela Redikorzev 1913 [HomoedistomaRedikorzev 1927; SigillinariaOka 1933]
• Family Polycitoridae Michaelsen 1904
  • Archidistoma Garstang 1891
  • Brevicollus Kott 1990
  • Cystodytes Drasche 1884
  • Eucoelium Savigny 1816
  • Eudistoma Caullery 1909 [DistomaSavigny 1816 non Retzius 1786; PaessleriaMichaelsen 1909]
  • ExostomaKott 1990
  • Millarus Monniot & Monniot 1988
  • Polycitor Renier 1804 [ParadistomaCaullery 1909; TetrazonaMichaelsen 1930]
  • Polycitorella Michaelsen 1924
  • RhombiferaPeres 1956 non Barrande 1867
• Family Polyclinidae Milne-Edwards 1841 [Synoicidae]
  • Aplidiopsis Lahille 1890
  • Aplidium Savigny 1816 [HaploidiumAgassiz 1846; AmaroeciumMilne-Edwards 1841; CircinaliumGiard 1872; FragariumGiard 1872; HeterotremaFiedler 1889; ParascidiaMilne- Edwards 1841; PolyclinoidesDrasche 1883; SidnyumSavigny 1816]
  • Morchellioides Herdman, 1886
  • Morchellium Giard 1872
  • Neodictyon Sanamyan 1988
  • Polyclinella Harant 1931
  • Polyclinum Savigny 1816 [GlossophorumLahille 1816]
  • Sidneioides Kesteven 1909
  • Synoicum Phipps 1774 [AtopogasterHerdman 1886; LissamarouciumSluiter 1906; MacroclinumVerrill 1871; PolyclinopsisGottschaldt 1894; PsammaplidiumHerdman 1886; GlossoforumLahille 1886]
• Family Protopolyclinidae Kott 1992
  • Condominium Kott 1992
  • Monniotus Millar 1988
  • Protopolyclinum Millar 1960
• Family Pseudodistomidae Harant 1931
  • Anadistoma Kott 1992
  • Citorclinum Monniot & Millar 1988
  • Pseudodistoma Michaelsen 1924
• Family Ritterellidae Kott 1992
  • Dumus Brewin, 1952
  • Pharyngodictyon Herdman 1886
  • Ritterella Harant 1931
• Family Stomozoidae Kott 1990
  • Stomozoa Kott 1957
• Family Vitrumidae Kott 2009
  • Vitrum Kott 2009

References

1. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Aplousobranchia". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2023-01-13.
2. Lahille, F. (1886). Sur le classification des Tuniciers. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris. 16: 1573-1575
3. Gittenberger, A.; Sanamyan, K. (2015). Aplousobranchia. In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23
4. "Colella Herdman, 1886". WoRMS . Retrieved 17 March 2019.

• Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 1042. ISBN   0-03-056747-5.