Aquilegia fragrans | |
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Flower of Aquilegia fragrans at the Giardino Botanico Alpino Chanousia | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Ranunculales |
Family: | Ranunculaceae |
Genus: | Aquilegia |
Species: | A. fragrans |
Binomial name | |
Aquilegia fragrans | |
Synonyms [1] | |
List
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Aquilegia fragrans, the fragrant columbine or sweet-scented columbine, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the Western Himalayas. [1]
Aquilegia fragrans grows to 30–80 cm (12–31 in) in height. The rootstock is slender with the upper part covered by previous years' leaf-stalks. The stems are branched and densely hairy with glands below the flowers. The basal leaves are biternate with long hairy stalks. Its leaflets are wedge- or teardrop-shaped, paler and hairy beneath, green and usually hairless above, with two or three lobes. The flowers are horizontal or slightly nodding with whitish or pale purple sepals measuring 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) in length. The petals are usually paler than the sepals and 15–18 mm (0.59–0.71 in) long, with straight or slightly curved nectar spurs measuring 15–18 mm (0.59–0.71 in). [2]
The species is part of a clade containing several Western, Southern and Central Asian species of columbine, that likely split from their closest relatives in Eurasia in the mid-Pliocene, approximately 3.37 million years ago. [3]
The specific epithet fragrans means "fragrant" in Latin.
This species is native to subalpine meadows in the Western Himalayas at altitudes of 2,400–3,600 m (7,900–11,800 ft). It is present in the Kunar, Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar, and Parwan provinces of Afghanistan, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir regions of Pakistan, and the Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Uttarakhand states and Jammu and Kashmir union territory of India. [4]
Aquilegia fragrans flowers from June to August. [2]
The species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List. [5]
Aquilegia is a genus of about 130 species of perennial plants that are found in meadows, woodlands, and at higher elevations throughout the Northern Hemisphere, known for the spurred petals of their flowers.
Aquilegia coerulea, the Colorado columbine, Rocky Mountain columbine, or blue columbine, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to the Rocky Mountains and some of the surrounding states of the western United States. It is the state flower of Colorado. The Latin specific name coerulea means "sky blue".
Pachypodium brevicaule is a species of plant that belongs to the family Apocynaceae.
Aquilegia grata is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to the northwestern Balkans.
Aquilegia barbaricina, common name Barbaricina columbine, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae. It is endemic to Italy, occurring only on the island of Sardinia.
Aquilegia nuragica, commonly called Nuragica columbine, is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae. It is endemic to Italy, in a single canyon in the Supramonte mountain range on the island of Sardinia.
Mitrephora fragrans is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Borneo and The Philippines. Elmer Drew Merrill, the American botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its large, fragrant flowers.
Aquilegia chrysantha, the golden columbine, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.
Aquilegia eximia, the serpentine columbine or Van Houtte's columbine, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to California.
Aquilegia flavescens, the yellow columbine, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the Rocky Mountains of the United States and Canada.
Aquilegia longissima, the long-spur columbine or long-spurred columbine, is a rare perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae that is native to northern Mexico, Texas, and Arizona.
Verticordia fragrans, commonly known as hollyhock verticordia, is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an openly branched shrub with egg-shaped leaves and spikes of sweetly scented, pink and white flowers in spring and early summer.
Cyanicula fragrans, commonly known as the fragrant china orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is similar to the other china orchids, especially C. ashbyae but has a paler green leaf, vanilla-scented flowers and a more northerly distribution.
Aquilegia alpina, the alpine columbine or breath of God, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the western and central Alps.
Aquilegia olympica is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to Turkey, Iran, and the Caucasus.
Aquilegia ecalcarata, the spurless columbine or false columbine, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to central China.
Pseuduvaria fragrans is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Thailand. Yvonne Su, Tanawat Chaowasku and Richard Saunders the botanists who first formally described the species, named it after its strongly fragrant flowers.
Aquilegia blecicii, common name Blečić's columbine, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the Balkans.
Aquilegia glandulosa, the Altai columbine or Siberian columbine, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to northern and central Asia.
Aquilegia incurvata, or the Qinling columbine (秦岭耧斗菜), is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to the Qinling mountain range in China.