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الرعد Ar-Raʻd The Thunder | |
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Classification | Medinan |
Position | Juzʼ 13 |
No. of verses | 43 |
No. of Rukus | 6 |
No. of Sajdahs | 1 (15th Ayah) |
No. of words | 854 |
No. of letters | 3450 |
Opening muqaṭṭaʻāt | 4 Alif Lam Mim Ra (المر) |
Quran |
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Ar-Ra'd, (Arabic : الرعدar-raʻd), or the Thunder, [1] is the 13th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an, composed of 43 verses (āyāt). It has Muqattat (Quranic initials) المر (Alif. Lam. Mim. Ra or ALMR).
Verse 15 contains a prostration symbol ۩: [2]
This sūrah is concerned with the oneness of God, the message, the Day of judgement, and the penalty. The sūrah revolves around an important axis that what is truth is clear through power and stability; what is falsehood is clear through its weakness. The verses call upon people to not be deceived by the glitter of falsehood because it is inevitably fleeting, while the truth shines throughout the entire universe.
The name of the sūrah is from the word (Ar-Ra'd) (Thunder) in the 13th ayah. [4]
Ibn Taymiyyah in his work, Majmu al-Fatwa al-Kubra, quoted the Marfu Hadith transmitted by Ali ibn abi Thalib, that Ra'd were the name of a group of angels who herded the dark clouds like a shepherd. [5] [7] Ali further narrated that thunder (Ra'dan Arabic : رعدان) is the growling voices of those angels while herding the clouds, while lightning strikes (Sawa'iq Arabic : صوائق) are a device used by those angels in gathering and herding the raining clouds. [5] Al-Suyuti narrated from the Hadith transmitted from Ibn Abbas about the lightning angels, while giving further commentary that hot light produced by lightning (Barq Arabic : برق) was the emitted light produced from a whip device used by those angels. [5] [7] Saudi Grand Mufti Abd al-Aziz Bin Baz also ruled the sunnah practice of reciting Sura Ar-Ra'd, Ayah 13|Quran 13:13 (Translated by Shakir) whenever a Muslim hears thunder, as this was practiced according to the Hadith tradition narrated by Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. [8]
There has been considerable disagreement about the time of revelation among Muslim scholars going back to conflicting reports from the Companions. In his famous tafsir, Turkish scholar Elmalili Hamdi Yazir reviews the different reports and opinions in the introduction of his tafsir of Surah Ar-Ra'd. [9] He quotes a report by Alûsî that Ikrime, Atâ and Hasen said the surah was revealed during the Meccan phase. On the other side, Companion and prominent scholar of the Quran Abdullah bin Abbas along with Kelbî, Mukatil, and Katade said it was revealed in the Medinan phase. He then quotes famous Tafsir scholars Kâdî Baydawî and Ebus-suud as saying it's Madinan, and Fahreddin Râzî as saying it's Meccan.
The rhetoric of the discourse [10] shows that this sūrah was uncovered in the ending of the Meccan phase, when Muhammad was also revealed with the surahs Yunus, Hud, and Al-A'araf. Time had passed since Muhammad last passed on the Message. His adversaries had been carrying out various plots to vanquish him and his mission, while his supporters thought that by indicating some tangible miracle the disbelievers might be brought to the Correct Path. The sūrah responded that the Devotees ought not to lose heart, and that disbelievers would explain away any miracle, even if Allah brought the dead out of their graves and caused them to talk. [11]
The opening ayah articulates the fundamental topic of this sūrah: "The Message of Muhammad (Allah's tranquility arrive) is the very Truth, however, it is the shortcoming of the individuals that they are dismissing it".
Other than this, the sūrah also addresses the rivals and their complaints, and the Devotees, who had been going through trials and were tiring. The Devotees are told that by standing by restlessly for Allah's help, they have been ameliorated and loaded up with expectation and fortitude. The significant issues, divine Laws, and direction incorporated in the text of the discourse can be categorized as follows: [12] -
The Pen, or Nūn is the sixty-eighth chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 52 verses (āyāt). Quran 68 describes God's justice and the judgment day. Three notable themes of this Surah are its response to the opponents' objections, warning and admonition to the disbelievers, and exhortation of patience to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Chronologically, this was the first appearance of any of the "disjointed" [i.e., single] letters (muqattaat) which precede a number of the surahs of the Qur'an, while in Quranic order this is the last surah to have the appearance of muqattaat.
Al Imran is the third chapter (sūrah) of the Quran with two hundred verses (āyāt).
At-Tawbah is the ninth chapter of the Quran. It contains 129 verses and is one of the last Medinan surahs. This Surah is known by two names, At-Taubah and Al-Bara'at. It is called At-Taubah in light of the fact that it articulates taubah (atonement) and informs about the conditions of its acceptance.. The name Bara'at (Release) is taken from the opening word of the Surah.
Al-Anfal is the eighth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 75 verses (āyāt). Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation, it is a "Medinan surah", completed after the Battle of Badr. It forms a pair with the next surah, At-Tawba.
Al-An'am is the sixth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 165 verses (āyāt). Coming in order in the Quran after Al-Fatiha, Al-Baqarah, Al 'Imran, An-Nisa', and Al-Ma'idah, this surah dwells on such themes as the clear signs of Allah's Dominion and Power, rejecting polytheism and unbelief, the establishment of Tawhid, the Revelation, Messengership, and Resurrection. It is a "Meccan surah", and it is believed to have been revealed in its entirety during the final year of the Meccan period of Islam. This explains the timing and contextual background of the believed revelation. The surah also reports the story of Ibrahim, who calls others to stop worshiping celestial bodies and turn towards Allah.
Al-Kahf is the 18th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 110 verses (āyāt). Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation, it is an earlier Meccan surah, which means it was revealed before Muhammad's hijrah to Medina, instead of after.
Al-Muʼminun is the 23rd chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 118 verses (āyāt). Regarding the timing and contextual background of the supposed revelation, it is an earlier "Meccan surah", which means it is believed to have been revealed before the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina (Hijra).
An-Naml is the 27th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 93 verses (āyāt).
The Spider is the 29th chapter (surah) of the Quran with 69 verses (āyāt).
Ar-Rum is the 30th chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, consisting of 60 verses (āyāt). The term Rūm originated in the word Roman, and during the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, it referred to the Eastern Roman Empire; the title is also sometimes translated as "The Greeks" or "The Byzantines".
As-Sajdah (السجدة), is the 32nd chapter (sūrah) of the Quran with 30 verses (āyāt). The name of the chapter has been translated as ۩ 'prostration' or 'adoration' and is taken from the fifteenth verse, which mentions those who "... fall prostrate and hymn the praise of their Lord".
Az-Zumar is the 39th chapter (surah) of the Qur'an, the central religious text of Islam. It contains 75 verses (ayat). This surah derives its name from the Arabic word zumar (troops) that occurs in verses 71 and 73. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the believed revelation, it is believed to have been revealed in the mid-Maccan period when persecutions of the Muslim believers by the polytheists had escalated.
Ghafir, also known as Al-Muʼmin, is the 40th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an, with 85 verses (āyāt). It takes its name from verse 28, which mentions a distinguished believer from among the clan of the Pharaoh who supported Moses, referring to him as a "believing man", hence al-Mu'min; The Believer. However, this surah is most often called al-Ghafir because of the Divine Name mentioned in verse 3.
Az-Zukhruf is the 43rd chapter (surah), of the Quran, the central religious text of Islam. It contains 89 verses (ayat).
Al-Qamar is the 54th chapter (surah) of the Quran, with 55 verses (ayat).The Surah was revealed in Mecca. The opening verses refer to the splitting of the Moon. "Qamar" (قمر), meaning "Moon" in Arabic, is also a common name among Muslims.
Ar-Rahman is the 55th Chapter (Surah) of the Qur'an, with 78 verses (āyāt).
In Islam, angels are believed to be heavenly beings, created from a luminous origin by God. The Quran is the principal source for the Islamic concept of angels, but more extensive features of angels appear in hadith literature, Mi'raj literature, Islamic exegesis, theology, philosophy, and mysticism.
In Islamic tradition the two kiraman katibin are two angels called Raqib and Atid, believed by Muslims to record a person's actions.
The Arabic term al-mu'aqqibat is a term occurring in the Quran (Q.13:11) which some Islamic commentators consider to refer to a class of guardian angel. Therefore, these Angels are also called al hafathah (الحفظة) which means the guarding angels. They protect human from the harm of evil jinn (جن) and devils (شياطين).
Al Khoroithi, Makarimil Akhlaq, Hadith Ali ibn Abi Talib; Ibn Taymiyyah, Majm al-Fatawa; al-Suyuti; Tafsir Jalalayn, Hasyiyah ash Shawi 1/31
257 Armad, al-Tirmidhc, al-Nasa'c, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abc latim, Abe 'l-Shaykh in al-"AVama, Ibn Mardawayh, Abe Nu'aym, in al-DalA"il, and al-kiya'in al-MukhtAra (Ibn 'Abbas)