Ar-Ra'd

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Surah 13 of the Quran
الرعد
Ar-Raʻd
The Thunder
Classification Medinan
Position Juzʼ 13
No. of verses 43
No. of Rukus 6
No. of Sajdahs 1 (15th Ayah)
No. of words854
No. of letters3450
Opening muqaṭṭaʻāt 4 Alif Lam Mim Ra (المر)
  Quran 12
Quran 14  

Ar-Ra'd, (Arabic : الرعدar-raʻd), or the Thunder, [1] is the 13th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an, composed of 43 verses (āyāt). It has Muqattat (Quranic initials) المر (Alif. Lam. Mim. Ra or ALMR).

Contents

Verse 15 contains a prostration symbol ۩: [2]

۝ [3] Whatsoever is in heaven and on earth worshippeth GOD, voluntarily or of force; and their shadows also, morning and evening. ۩ [1]

This sūrah is concerned with the oneness of God, the message, the Day of judgement, and the penalty. The sūrah revolves around an important axis that what is truth is clear through power and stability; what is falsehood is clear through its weakness. The verses call upon people to not be deceived by the glitter of falsehood because it is inevitably fleeting, while the truth shines throughout the entire universe.

The name of the sūrah is from the word (Ar-Ra'd) (Thunder) in the 13th ayah. [4]

Summary

Q13-14

Ibn Taymiyyah in his work, Majmu al-Fatwa al-Kubra, quoted the Marfu Hadith transmitted by Ali ibn abi Thalib, that Ra'd were the name of a group of angels who herded the dark clouds like a shepherd. [5] [7] Ali further narrated that thunder (Ra'dan Arabic : رعدان) is the growling voices of those angels while herding the clouds, while lightning strikes (Sawa'iq Arabic : صوائق) are a device used by those angels in gathering and herding the raining clouds. [5] Al-Suyuti narrated from the Hadith transmitted from Ibn Abbas about the lightning angels, while giving further commentary that hot light produced by lightning (Barq Arabic : برق) was the emitted light produced from a whip device used by those angels. [5] [7] Saudi Grand Mufti Abd al-Aziz Bin Baz also ruled the sunnah practice of reciting Sura Ar-Ra'd, Ayah 13|Quran   13:13  (Translated by  Shakir) whenever a Muslim hears thunder, as this was practiced according to the Hadith tradition narrated by Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. [8]

Time of Revelation

There has been considerable disagreement about the time of revelation among Muslim scholars going back to conflicting reports from the Companions. In his famous tafsir, Turkish scholar Elmalili Hamdi Yazir reviews the different reports and opinions in the introduction of his tafsir of Surah Ar-Ra'd. [9] He quotes a report by Alûsî that Ikrime, Atâ and Hasen said the surah was revealed during the Meccan phase. On the other side, Companion and prominent scholar of the Quran Abdullah bin Abbas along with Kelbî, Mukatil, and Katade said it was revealed in the Medinan phase. He then quotes famous Tafsir scholars Kâdî Baydawî and Ebus-suud as saying it's Madinan, and Fahreddin Râzî as saying it's Meccan.


The rhetoric of the discourse [10] shows that this sūrah was uncovered in the ending of the Meccan phase, when Muhammad was also revealed with the surahs Yunus, Hud, and Al-A'araf. Time had passed since Muhammad last passed on the Message. His adversaries had been carrying out various plots to vanquish him and his mission, while his supporters thought that by indicating some tangible miracle the disbelievers might be brought to the Correct Path. The sūrah responded that the Devotees ought not to lose heart, and that disbelievers would explain away any miracle, even if Allah brought the dead out of their graves and caused them to talk. [11]


Theme

The opening ayah articulates the fundamental topic of this sūrah: "The Message of Muhammad (Allah's tranquility arrive) is the very Truth, however, it is the shortcoming of the individuals that they are dismissing it".

Other than this, the sūrah also addresses the rivals and their complaints, and the Devotees, who had been going through trials and were tiring. The Devotees are told that by standing by restlessly for Allah's help, they have been ameliorated and loaded up with expectation and fortitude. The significant issues, divine Laws, and direction incorporated in the text of the discourse can be categorized as follows: [12] -

  1. The Qur'an is the disclosure of Allah.
  2. Trees, fruits, and vegetables are among the indications of Allah.
  3. Allah never changes the state of a people except if they are eager to change themselves.
  4. The individuals who don't react to the call of Allah will have no real way to escape from hellfire.
  5. It is the recognition of Allah that gives quietness to hearts.
  6. Rasools [Prophets] have no capacity to show any marvel of miracle with the exception of the will of Allah.

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References

  1. 1 2 George Sale's translation
  2. "Surah Ar-Ra'd - 15-25". Quran.com. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  3. Arabic script in Unicode symbol for a Quran verse, U+06DD, page 3, Proposal for additional Unicode characters
  4. (v. 13)
  5. 1 2 3 4 Abduh Tuasikal, Muhammad (2009). "Ada Apa di Balik Petir?". Rumaysho (in Indonesian). Retrieved 26 February 2022. Al Khoroithi, Makarimil Akhlaq, Hadith Ali ibn Abi Talib; Ibn Taymiyyah, Majm al-Fatawa; al-Suyuti; Tafsir Jalalayn, Hasyiyah ash Shawi 1/31
  6. Wherry, Elwood Morris (1896). A Complete Index to Sale's Text, Preliminary Discourse, and Notes. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  7. 1 2 Stephen Burge (2012). Angels in Islam Jalal Al-Din Al-Suyuti's Al-Haba'ik Fi Akhbar Al-mala'ik (ebook). Taylor & Francis. p. 186. ISBN   9781136504747 . Retrieved 26 February 2022. 257 Armad, al-Tirmidhc, al-Nasa'c, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abc latim, Abe 'l-Shaykh in al-"AVama, Ibn Mardawayh, Abe Nu'aym, in al-DalA"il, and al-kiya'in al-MukhtAra (Ibn 'Abbas)
  8. Ibn Baz, Abd al Aziz. "ما يحسن بالمسلم قوله عند نزول المطر أو سماع الرعد؟" [What is good for a Muslim to say when it rains or when he hears thunder?; Fatwa number 13/85]. BinBaz.org (in Arabic). BinBaz.org. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  9. Hak Dini Kuran Dili Tefsiri, Volume 5, Pages 109-110, by Elmalili Muhammed Hamdi Yazir (editors: Prof. Ismail Karacam, Asst. Prof Emin Isik, Dr Nusrettin Bolelli, and Abdullah Yucel)
  10. (vv. 27-31 and vv. 34-48)
  11. (v. 31)
  12. Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik (translator), Al-Qur'an, the Guidance for Mankind - English with Arabic Text (Hardcover) ISBN   0-911119-80-9