Artemisia maritima

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Artemisia maritima
Artemisia-maritima.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Artemisia
Species:
A. maritima
Binomial name
Artemisia maritima
L. 1753
Synonyms [1]
  • Artemisia seriphiumWallr., nom. superfl.
  • Artemisia seriphium var. latifoliaWallr.
  • Seriphidium maritimum(L.) Poljakov

Artemisia maritima is a European species of wormwood known as sea wormwood, [2] and also formerly often by its synonym Seriphidium maritimum. [3] It is native to the Atlantic coasts of northern Europe, from western and northern France, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Baltic States, and northwestern Russia. [1] [4] In Great Britain, it is found as far north as Wigton on the west coast and Cruden Bay on the east coast, and in Ireland, on the east and west coasts between Dublin and Killough, and Tralee Bay to Galway; it also occurs on the Isle of Man. [2] [5]

Contents

There are two subspecies: [1]

Description and Similar Species

Sea wormwood is a herbaceous perennial plant or subshrub growing to 50 cm, which flowers from August to September; it has strongly aromatic pale grey-green to whitish-green foliage, and is wind pollinated. The leaves are deeply twice pinnatifid, with narrow, linear segments, and, like the whole plant, are covered on both sides with a dense coat of white cottony hairs. The small, oblong flower heads, each containing three to six tubular florets 1–2 mm diameter, are of a yellowish or brownish tint; they are produced in August and September, and are arranged in racemes, sometimes drooping, sometimes erect. [3] [6]

It is the caterpillar foodplant of Eupithecia extensaria. [7]

It somewhat resembles wormwood Artemisia absinthium and hoary mugwort A. stelleriana , but has slenderer leaf segments under 2 mm broad; A. stelleriana also lacks the strong scent. [3]

Reports of the species from southeastern Europe are based on misapplication of the name to the closely related Artemisia santonicum . [8]

Habitat

It occurs mostly on saline soils, being found on the drier parts of saltmarshes, brackish ditches, sea cliffs, and coastal shingle. [2] As with many other saltmarsh plants, it has started to colonise inland along roadsides that are salted to melt winter ice and snow. [2]

Usage

Close up of Artemisia maritima foliage Artemisia maritima baie-authie 80 15072007 1.jpg
Close up of Artemisia maritima foliage

John Hill said in 1771 of this species: "This is a very noble bitter: its peculiar province is to give an appetite, as that of the Common Wormwood is to assist digestion; the flowery tops and the young shoots possess the virtue: the older Leaves and the Stalk should be thrown away as useless .... The apothecaries put three times as much sugar as of the ingredient in their Conserves; but the virtue is lost in the sweetness, those will not keep so well that have less sugar, but 'tis easy to make them fresh as they are wanted." [9] Thornton, in his Family Herbal, tells us that "beat up with thrice its weight of fine sugar, it is made up into a conserve ordered by the London College, and may be taken where the other preparations disgust too much." [10]

The plant is a source of the sesquiterpenoid santonin. [11]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Beta vulgaris</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Artemisia</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

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<i>Artemisia vulgaris</i> Medicinal plant known as common mugwort

Artemisia vulgaris, commonly known as mugwort or common mugwort, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is one of several species in the genus Artemisia commonly known as mugwort, although Artemisia vulgaris is the species most often called mugwort. Mugworts have been used medicinally and as culinary herbs.

<i>Eryngium maritimum</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

Eryngium maritimum, the sea holly or sea eryngo, or sea eryngium, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae and native to most European coastlines. It resembles a thistle in appearance because of its burr-shaped inflorescences. Despite its common name, it is not a true holly but an umbellifer.

<i>Artemisia absinthium</i> Species of plant

Artemisia absinthium, otherwise known as common wormwood, is a species of Artemisia native to North Africa and temperate regions of Eurasia, and widely naturalized in Canada and the northern United States. It is grown as an ornamental plant and is used as an ingredient in the spirit absinthe and some other alcoholic beverages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sea beet</span> Subspecies of beet (terrestrial)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Génépi</span> Traditional herbal liqueur or aperitif in the Alpine regions of Europe

Génépi or génépy is a traditional French herbal liqueur or apéritif popularized in the Alpine regions. Genepi also refers to alpine plants of the genus Artemisia that is used to make a liqueur in the French region of Savoy, where the Artemisia génépi plants grow and where the beverage is commonly produced.

<i>Armeria maritima</i> Flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae

Armeria maritima, the thrift, sea thrift or sea pink, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae. It is a compact evergreen perennial which grows in low clumps and sends up long stems that support globes of bright pink flowers. In some cases purple, white or red flowers also occur. It is a popular garden flower and has been distributed worldwide as a garden and cut flower. It does well in gardens designed as xeriscapes or rock gardens. The Latin specific epithet maritima means pertaining to the sea or coastal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mugwort</span> Genus of flowering plants used as herbs

Mugwort is a common name for several species of aromatic flowering plants in the genus Artemisia. In Europe, mugwort most often refers to the species Artemisia vulgaris, or common mugwort. In East Asia the species Artemisia argyi is often called "Chinese mugwort" in the context of traditional Chinese medicine, Ngai Chou in Cantonese or àicǎo (艾草) for the whole plant in Mandarin, and àiyè (艾叶) for the leaf, which is used specifically in the practice of moxibustion. Artemisia princeps is a mugwort known in Korea as ssuk (쑥) and in Japan as yomogi (ヨモギ). While other species are sometimes referred to by more specific common names, they may be called simply "mugwort" in many contexts.

<i>Cakile maritima</i> Species of plant in family Brassicaceae

Cakile maritima, sea rocket or European searocket, is a common plant in the mustard family Brassicaceae. It is widespread in Europe, North Africa and western Asia, especially on coastlines. It can now be found in many other areas of the world where it has been introduced. It is present on the west and east coasts of North America, where it has the potential to become an invasive species. This is an annual plant which grows in clumps or mounds in the sand on beaches and bluffs. The shiny leaves are fleshy, green and tinted with purple or magenta, and long-lobed. It has white to light purple flowers and sculpted, segmented, corky brown fruits one to three centimetres long. The fruits float and are water-dispersed.

<i>Artemisia campestris</i> Species of flowering plant

Artemisia campestris is a common and widespread species of plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. It is native to a wide region of Eurasia and North America. Common names include field wormwood, beach wormwood, northern wormwood, Breckland wormwood, boreal wormwood, Canadian wormwood, field sagewort and field mugwort.

<i>Artemisia ludoviciana</i> Species of plant

Artemisia ludoviciana is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, known by several common names, including silver wormwood, western mugwort, Louisiana wormwood, white sagebrush, lobed cud-weed, prairie sage, and gray sagewort.

<i>Tripleurospermum maritimum</i> Species of flowering plant

Tripleurospermum maritimum is a species of flowering plant in the aster family commonly known as false mayweed or sea mayweed. It is found in many coastal areas of Northern Europe, including Scandinavia and Iceland, often growing in sand or amongst beach pebbles.

<i>Artemisia herba-alba</i> Species of plant

Artemisia herba-alba, the white wormwood, is a perennial shrub in the genus Artemisia that grows commonly on the dry steppes of the Mediterranean regions in Northern Africa, Western Asia and Southwestern Europe. It is used as an antiseptic and antispasmodic in herbal medicine.

<i>Artemisia argyi</i> Species of mugwort daisy

Artemisia argyi, commonly known as silvery wormwood or Chinese mugwort, is a herbaceous perennial plant with a creeping rhizome. It is native to China, Korea, Mongolia, Japan, and the Russian Far East. It is known in Chinese as àicǎo or ài yè or ài hao, in Japanese as Chōsen yomogi and in Korean as Hwanghae ssuk. It is used in herbal medicine for conditions of the liver, spleen and kidney.

<i>Artemisia norvegica</i> Species of flowering plant

Artemisia norvegica is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names alpine sagewort, boreal sagewort, mountain sagewort, Norwegian mugwort, arctic wormwood, and spruce wormwood. It is found in cold locations in Eurasia and high altitudes and high latitudes in North America.

<i>Artemisia stelleriana</i> Species of flowering plant

Artemisia stelleriana is an Asian and North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to China, Japan, Korea, Russian Far East, and the Aleutian Islands in the United States. The species is widely cultivated as an ornamental and naturalized in scattered locations in North America, primarily on coastal dunes and other sandy locations, as well as in Scandinavia. Common names include hoary mugwort, Dusty Miller, beach wormwood, and oldwoman.

<i>Artemisia pontica</i> Species of flowering plant

Artemisia pontica, the Roman wormwood or small absinthe, is an herb used in the production of absinthe and vermouth. Originating in southeastern Europe, it is naturalized over much of Eurasia from France to Xinjiang, and is also found in the wild in northeastern North America.

<i>Artemisia santonicum</i> Species of flowering plant

Artemisia santonicum is a species of wormwood native to eastern Europe and western Asia, from Austria east through the Balkans, Ukraine and southern Russia to Kazakhstan, and also through Turkey to Iran.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-11-09.
  2. 1 2 3 4 P.A. Stroh; T. A. Humphrey; R.J. Burkmar; O.L. Pescott; D.B. Roy; K.J. Walker, eds. (2020). "Sea Wormwood Artemisia maritima L." BSBI Online Plant Atlas 2020. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 Streeter D, Hart-Davies C, Hardcastle A, Cole F, Harper L. 2009. Collins Flower Guide. Harper Collins ISBN   9-78-000718389-0
  4. Tela Botanica, Armoise maritime, Artemisia maritima L. in French
  5. "Seriphidium maritimum". NBN Atlas. National Biodiversity Network Trust. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  6. "Artemisia maritima Sea Wormwood PFAF Plant Database".
  7. Lowen, James (2021). Much Ado About Mothing. London: Bloomsbury. p. 384. ISBN   978-1-4729-6697-1.
  8. Soják, (L.); Waldst. & Hegi, Kit.); Poljakov, Kit.). "Artemisia santonicum". Euro+Med-Plantbase. Retrieved 2024-11-09.
  9. Hill, John (1771). Virtues of British Herbs. With the History, Description, and Figures of the several Kinds. London: Printed for R. Baldwin. pp.  12-13.
  10. Thornton, Robert John (1814). A Family Herbal: or, Familiar Account of the Medical Properties of British and Foreign Plants. London: B. and R. Crosby. p.  707.
  11. Hanson, James Ralph (2003). Natural Products: The Secondary Metabolites. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 85. ISBN   9780854044900 . Retrieved 2016-10-23.