| Dyer's woodruff | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Asperula tinctoria in flower | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | Asperula |
| Species: | A. tinctoria |
| Binomial name | |
| Asperula tinctoria | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Asperula tinctoria, common name dyer's woodruff, [2] is a plant in the family Rubiaceae, a native of much of northern and central Europe from France to Russia and also of Western Siberia. [1] [3] [4] [5] [6]
The root was used by the ancient Greeks and Romans to make a red dye for clothing, but was less productive than the more widely used madder Rubia tinctorum . [7]
Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 13,500 species in about 620 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include Coffea, the source of coffee, Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine, ornamental cultivars, and historically some dye plants.
Isatis tinctoria, also called woad, dyer's woad, dyer's-weed, or glastum, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae with a documented history of use as a blue dye and medicinal plant. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. It is occasionally known as Asp of Jerusalem. Woad is also the name of a blue dye produced from the leaves of the plant. Woad is native to the steppe and desert zones of the Caucasus, Central Asia to Eastern Siberia and Western Asia but is now also found in South-Eastern and Central Europe and western North America.
Galium is a large genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Rubiaceae, occurring in the temperate zones of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Some species are informally known as bedstraw.
Asperula cynanchica, the squinancywort or squincywort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. Its common name is derived from its former use as a medicinal herb to cure quinsy. It is native to much of southern and central Europe from Spain and Ireland to Russia.
Asperula, commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia.
Asperula orientalis, known as annual woodruff or oriental woodruff, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in Turkey, western Syria, Iraq, the Caucasus and Iran. It is often used as an ornamental plant in various regions and is reportedly naturalized in Oregon, North Dakota and the Czech Republic.
Asperula gunnii, the mountain woodruff, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a perennial herb that is endemic to Australia.
Chrozophora tinctoria is a plant species native to the Mediterranean, the Middle East, India, Pakistan, and Central Asia. It is also present as a weed in North America and Australia.
Asperula arvensis, known as blue woodruff, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It belongs to the genus Asperula. It is native to most of Europe plus Algeria, Morocco, and southwest Asia from Turkey to Kyrgyzstan.
Asperula pusilla, commonly known as alpine woodruff, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a perennial herb that is endemic to Australia.
Asperula aristata is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as woodruff. It is native to Morocco, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Greece, Bulgaria, Albania, Serbia, North Macedonia, Croatia, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, France, Spain, and Portugal.
Asperula conferta is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is Australian endemic distributed across Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and the Northern Territory.
Asperula gussonei, also known as alpine woodruff, is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It was first described in 1831 and is endemic to Sicily.
Asperula abbreviata is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as Woodruff, and is endemic to Naxos and Amorgos in Greece. It was first formally described in 1901 by Eugen von Halácsy who gave it the name Asperula lutea var. abbreviata in Conspectus Florae Graecae. In 1943, Karl Heinz Rechinger raised the variety to species status as Asperula abbreviata in Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften / Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe.
Asperula abchasica is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as Woodruff, and is endemic to Transcaucasus, and was first named by V.I Krecz.
Asperula accrescens is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as Woodruff, and is endemic to Transcaucasus, and was first named by Klokov.
Asperula ambleia is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as Stiff Woodruff, and is endemic from SE. Queensland to NE. Victoria in Australia, and was first named by Airy Shaw.
Asperula assamica is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as Woodruff, and is endemic to Assam, East Himalayas, and was first named by Meisn.
Asperula asterocephala is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as Woodruff, and is endemic to Iraq, and was first named by Bornm.
Asperula asthenes is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as trailing woodruff, and is endemic to the east coast of New South Wales, Australia
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