Atractocarpus fitzalanii

Last updated

Brown gardenia
Atractocarpus fitzalanii.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Genus: Atractocarpus
Species:
A. fitzalanii
Binomial name
Atractocarpus fitzalanii
Synonyms [4]
  • Gardenia fitzalaniiF.Muell.
  • Randia fitzalanii(F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.
  • Trukia fitzalanii(F.Muell.) Fosberg

Atractocarpus fitzalanii, commonly known as the brown gardenia or yellow mangosteen, is a species of plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae. It is found in coastal parts of tropical Queensland, Australia. The beautifully scented flowers and glossy foliage has seen this plant enter cultivation in gardens of eastern Australia.

Contents

Description

Atractocarpus fitzalanii grows as a woody shrub or small tree some 3–10 m (9.8–32.8 ft) in height. The trunk is covered by smooth grey bark. The large glossy dark green leaves are obovate to oval-shaped and range from 10–18 cm (3.9–7.1 in) long by 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) wide. The yellowish veins and midrib are prominent on the leaf. The new growth is a bright lime green in colour. The small (2-2.5 cm or 1 inch) white fragrant flowers appear from September to November, occur singly and have five lanceolate petals around a tube. The round- or oval-shaped fruit is 3–4 cm in diameter and ripens in April to June. The fragrance of the flowers resembles that of the common gardenia, and fruit can be eaten fresh. [5]

Phenology

The subspecies fitzalanii flowers from October to February, and fruit ripen between September and March. Subspecies tenuipes flowers between October and November, while the fruit mature from May to August. [6]

Taxonomy

This species was originally described as Gardenia fitzalanii in 1860 by the German naturalist and Victorian state botanist Ferdinand von Mueller. [7] The description was based on plant material collected by the Irish-born botanist Eugene Fitzalan during an expedition in August–October 1860 to find the mouth of the Burdekin River. [8]

In 1866 George Bentham transferred the species to the genus Randia, [9] where it remained for over 130 years. In 1999 the Australian botanist Christopher Francis Puttock published a revision of Atractocarpus in Australia, in which he gave this species its current combination. [6]

Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognised: [4] [6] [10] [11]

Etymology

The genus name Atractocarpus is derived from the Ancient Greek terms átraktos , meaning "spindle", and karpós meaning "fruit", and refers to the spindle-shaped fruit of the type species. [12] The species epithet fitzalanii was given in honour of the collector. The subspecies name tenuipes is from the Latin tenuipes meaning "slender legged", a reference to the slender pedicels displayed by the group. [6]

Distribution and habitat

The range is from far north Queensland south through to Mackay. It is found in rainforests and sheltered habitats.

Ecology

Flowers open in the afternoon, and moths then visit the plants. Birds eat the fruit. [13]

Uses

Its bushy lush foliage and bright new growth, fragrant flowers and edible and tasty fruit give it horticultural potential in gardens in subtropical climates. It is suited to a shady position with good drainage in gardens, or moderately to brightly lit indoor spaces. [14]

Related Research Articles

<i>Gardenia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the coffee family Rubiaceae

Gardenia is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar, Pacific Islands, and Australia.

<i>Diploglottis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Diploglottis is a genus of 10 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in rainforests and margins of adjoining humid forests in eastern Australia and New Guinea. Some species are known as native tamarind or small-leaved tamarind; they have no direct relationship with the true tamarind.

<i>Randia</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Randia, commonly known as indigoberry, is a mostly Neotropical genus of shrubs or small trees in the Rubiaceae. As of February 2022 Plants of the World Online lists a total of 112 accepted species in the genus. Several Australian species have been reassigned to the genus Atractocarpus. These include the garden plants Atractocarpus chartaceus and A. fitzalanii.

<i>Atractocarpus chartaceus</i> Species of plant in the family Rubiaceae

Atractocarpus chartaceus, commonly known as the narrow-leaved gardenia, is a species of evergreen flowering plant in the madder and coffee family Rubiaceae. It is mostly found in subtropical rainforest of eastern Australia, and it is cultivated for its fragrant flowers and colourful fruit.

<i>Atractocarpus benthamianus</i> Species of plant

Atractocarpus benthamianus is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae growing in eastern Australia. It is an understorey species of subtropical and tropical rainforest on fertile soils. The natural range of distribution is from Forster, New South Wales to central Queensland. This plant features beautifully scented flowers.

<i>Atractocarpus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Atractocarpus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Its members are commonly known as native gardenias in Australia. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek terms atractos "spindle", and karpos "fruit", from the spindle-shaped fruit of the type species.

<i>Olearia canescens</i> Species of shrub

Olearia canescens is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub with scattered elliptic or egg-shaped leaves, and white and yellow, daisy-like inflorescences.

<i>Carnarvonia araliifolia</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae

Carnarvonia araliifolia, commonly known as the red oak, red silky oak, Caledonian oak or elephant's foot, is the sole species in the monotypic genus Carnarvonia, a member of the Proteaceae plant family. It is endemic to the rainforests of northeastern Queensland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eugene Fitzalan</span>

Eugene Fitzherbert Albini Fitzalan (1830–1911) was an Irish-born botanist in Australia. He made many botanical expedition and discovered numerous new species. He created the first botanical garden in Cairns, Queensland, now the heritage-listed Flecker Botanical Gardens.

<i>Syzygium forte</i> Species of plant in the family Myrtaceae

Syzygium forte, commonly known as flaky-barked satinash, white apple or brown satinash, is a tree in the family Myrtaceae native to New Guinea and northern Australia.

<i>Gardenia actinocarpa</i> Species of plant endemic to Queensland

Gardenia actinocarpa is a rare and endangered plant in the madder family Rubiaceae that grows in a very restricted area within the Wet Tropics rainforest of north-east Queensland.

Elaeocarpus largiflorens, commonly known as tropical quandong, is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a medium-sized to large tree, sometimes with buttress roots at the base of the trunk, mostly elliptic leaves and reddish-brown flowers.

<i>Atractocarpus hirtus</i> Species of plant in the family Rubiaceae

Atractocarpus hirtus, commonly known as the hairy gardenia or native loquat, is a plant in the madder family Rubiaceae, a large family of some 6,500 species with a cosmopolitan distribution. This species is endemic to north-east Queensland, Australia.

Christopher Francis Puttock, often cited as C.F.Puttock, is an Australian botanist and taxonomist who has interests in the Rubiaceae and Asteraceae flowering plant families as well as Pteridophyta (ferns) and Rhodophyta.

<i>Atractocarpus merikin</i> Species of plant in the family Rubiaceae

Atractocarpus merikin, commonly known as the mountain gardenia or merikin, is a plant in the Rubiaceae family endemic to northeast Queensland.

<i>Alyxia oblongata</i> Species of plant in the family Apocynaceae

Alyxia oblongata, commonly known as the chain fruit, prickly lixy, or prickly Alyxia, is a plant in the dogbane family Apocynaceae endemic to a small part of northeastern Queensland.

<i>Ormosia ormondii</i> Species of plant in the family Fabaceae

Ormosia ormondii, commonly known as yellow bean, is a medium-sized tree up to 25 m (82 ft) in height in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. The leaves are compound with up to 9 leaflets. Masses of pink flowers are produced on axillary panicles from October to December. The fruit is a dehiscent pod up to 90 mm (3.5 in) long by 20 mm (0.79 in) wide, containing up to 5 bright red seeds around 12 mm (0.47 in) diameter.

<i>Archidendron vaillantii</i> Species of plant in the family Fabaceae

Archidendron vaillantii, commonly known as the salmon bean, is an evergreen tree in the legume family Fabaceae. It is endemic to the rainforests of northeast Queensland.

<i>Lasianthus chlorocarpus</i> Species of plant in the family Rubiaceae

Lasianthus chlorocarpus, commonly known as blue rubi, is a plant in the family Rubiaceae native to parts of Malesia, Papuasia and Australia. It is an evergreen shrub growing up to 2 m high in well developed rainforest.

<i>Atractocarpus sessilis</i> Species of plant in the family Rubiaceae

Atractocarpus sessilis, commonly known as brown randia, is an evergreen shrub in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to both Queensland, Australia, and New Guinea.

References

  1. "Species profile—Atractocarpus fitzalanii". Queensland Department of Environment and Science. Queensland Government. 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  2. IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). (2021). "Atractocarpus fitzalanii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T192498222A192498224. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T192498222A192498224.en . Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  3. "Atractocarpus fitzalanii". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government . Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 "Atractocarpus fitzalanii (F.Muell.) Puttock". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  5. "Yellow Mangosteen". Trade Winds Fruit website. Trade Winds Fruit. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Puttock, Christopher F. (10 July 1999). "Revision of Atractocarpus (Rubiaceae: Gardenieae) in Australia and New Combinations for Some Extra-Australian Taxa". Australian Systematic Botany. 12 (2): 285. doi:10.1071/SB97030 . Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  7. Mueller, Ferdinand von (1860). Essay on the plants collected by Mr Eugene Fitzalan, during Lieut. Smith's expedition to the estuary of the Burdekin. Melbourne: Victorian Government . Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  8. Report of the proceedings of the Queensland Government schooner "Spitfire" in search of the mouth of the River Burdekin, on the north-eastern coast of Australia : and of the exploration of a portion of that coast extending from Gloucester Island to Halifax Bay., Brisbane: Queensland Government, 1860, nla.obj-475664242, retrieved 8 September 2023 via Trove
  9. Bentham, George; Mueller, Ferdinand von (1866). Flora australiensis: a description of the plants of the Australian territory. London: L. Reeve and Co. p. 411. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  10. F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Atractocarpus fitzalanii subsp. fitzalanii". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  11. F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Atractocarpus fitzalanii subsp. tenuipes". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  12. Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 434. ISBN   9780958174213.
  13. Puttock CF (1999). "Revision of Atractocarpus (Rubiaceae: Gardenieae) in Australia and New Combinations for Some Extra-Australian Taxa". Australian Systematic Botany. CSIRO Publishing. 12 (2): 271–309. doi:10.1071/SB97030.
  14. Ratcliffe, David & Patricia (1987). Australian Native Plants for Indoors. Crows Nest, NSW: Little Hills Press. p. 125. ISBN   0-949773-49-2.