Christian Albert Theodor Billroth was an Austrian surgeon and amateur musician.
Gastric bypass surgery refers to a technique in which the stomach is divided into a small upper pouch and a much larger lower "remnant" pouch and then the small intestine is rearranged to connect to both. Surgeons have developed several different ways to reconnect the intestine, thus leading to several different gastric bypass procedures (GBP). Any GBP leads to a marked reduction in the functional volume of the stomach, accompanied by an altered physiological and physical response to food.
A gastrectomy is a partial or total surgical removal of the stomach.
Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), also known as stomach stapling, is a form of bariatric surgery for weight control. The VBG procedure involves using a band and staples to create a small stomach pouch. In the bottom of the pouch is an approximate one-centimeter hole through which the pouch contents can flow into the remainder of the stomach and hence on to the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract.
In medicine, the ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA), also known as an ileo-anal pouch, restorative proctocolectomy, ileal-anal pullthrough, or sometimes referred to as a j-pouch, s-pouch, w-pouch or an internal pouch, is an anastomosis of the ileum to the anus, bypassing the former site of the colon in cases where the colon has been removed. It retains or restores functionality of the anus, with stools passed under voluntary control of the patient, preventing fecal incontinence and serving as an alternative to ileostomy. The pouch component is a surgically constructed intestinal reservoir; usually situated near where the rectum would normally be. It is formed by folding loops of small intestine back on themselves and stitching or stapling them together. The internal walls are then removed thus forming a reservoir. The reservoir is then stitched or stapled into the perineum where the rectum was.
A gastroenterostomy is the surgical creation of a connection between the stomach and the jejunum. The operation can sometimes be performed at the same time as a partial gastrectomy. Gastroenterostomy was in the past typically performed to treat peptic ulcers, but today it is usually carried out to enable food to pass directly to the middle section of the small intestine when it is necessary to bypass the first section because of duodenal damage. The procedure is still being used to treat gastroparesis that is refractory to other treatments, but it is now rarely used to treat peptic ulcers because most cases thereof are bacterial in nature and there are many new drugs available to treat the gastric reflux often experienced with peptic ulcer disease. Reported cure rates for H. pylori infection range from 70% to 90% after antibiotic treatment.
ICD-9-CM Volume 3 is a system of procedural codes used by health insurers to classify medical procedures for billing purposes. It is a subset of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) 9-CM. Volumes 1 and 2 are used for diagnostic codes.
Sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical weight-loss procedure in which the stomach is reduced to about 15% of its original size, by surgical removal of a large portion of the stomach along the greater curvature. The result is a sleeve or tube like structure. The procedure permanently reduces the size of the stomach, although there could be some dilation of the stomach later on in life. The procedure is generally performed laparoscopically and is irreversible.
Ménétrier disease is a rare, acquired, premalignant disease of the stomach characterized by massive gastric folds, excessive mucous production with resultant protein loss, and little or no acid production. The disorder is associated with excessive secretion of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α). It is named after a French physician Pierre Eugène Ménétrier, 1859–1935.
Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a medical condition where there is an obstruction at the level of the pylorus, which is the outlet of the stomach. Individuals with gastric outlet obstruction will often have recurrent vomiting of food that has accumulated in the stomach, but which cannot pass into the small intestine due to the obstruction. The stomach often dilates to accommodate food intake and secretions. Causes of gastric outlet obstruction include both benign causes, as well as malignant causes, such as gastric cancer.
Bariatric surgery includes a variety of procedures performed on people who are obese. Long term weight loss through standard of care procedures is largely achieved by altering gut hormone levels that are responsible for hunger and satiety, leading to a new hormonal weight set point. Bariatric surgery is a hormonal surgery in these procedures, for which the alteration in gut hormones develops as a result of the procedure's restriction and malabsorption.
Billroth I, more formally Billroth's operation I, is an operation in which the pylorus is removed and the distal stomach is anastomosed directly to the duodenum.
In general surgery, a Roux-en-Y anastomosis, or Roux-en-Y, is an end-to-side surgical anastomosis of bowel used to reconstruct the gastrointestinal tract. Typically, it is between stomach and small bowel that is distal from the cut end.
John Benjamin Murphy, born John Murphy was an American physician and abdominal surgeon noted for advocating early surgical intervention in appendicitis appendectomy, and several eponyms: Murphy’s button, Murphy drip, Murphy’s punch, Murphy’s test, and Murphy-Lane bone skid. He is best remembered for the eponymous clinical sign that is used in evaluating patients with acute cholecystitis. His career spanned general surgery, orthopedics, neurosurgery, and cardiothoracic surgery, which helped him to gain international prominence in the surgical profession. Mayo Clinic co-founder William James Mayo called him "the surgical genius of our generation".
Stump blow-out, or duodenal blow-out, is the leakage of the blind end of the duodenum. It occurs as a complication of Billroth II gastrectomy, usually on the fourth or fifth day after surgery. It is due to improper closure of duodenal stump, especially when the duodenum is inflamed and oedematous. It can also occur because of afferent loop block, local pancreatitis and distal obstruction. The patient who was previously convalescing satisfactorily may suddenly present with severe abdominal pain, fever and shock-like state. Jaundice may develop within 48 hours owing to the absorption of bile from peritoneal cavity. If the abdomen is drained, bile-stained fluid may be seen emerging at the drain site. Intravenous fluids should be started and adequate surgical drainage should be provided. Surgery is indicated when there is peritonitis, unresponsive fistula or distal obstruction. Once the life-threatening phase is over, the priority should be to give adequate nutrition. Surgical loop connection relieves the obstruction distally.
SADI-S is a bariatric surgical technique to lose weight.
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an inherited genetic syndrome most often caused by an inactivating mutation in the E-cadherin gene (CDH1) located on chromosome 16. Individuals who inherit an inactive copy of the CDH1 gene are at significantly elevated risk for developing stomach cancer. For this reason, individuals with these mutations will often elect to under go prophylactic gastrectomy, or a complete removal of the stomach to prevent this cancer. Mutations in CDH1 are also associated with high risk of lobular breast cancers, and may be associated with a mildly elevated risk of colon cancer.
Ileal Interposition is a Metabolic Surgery procedure, used to treat overweight diabetic patients through surgical means. First presented by the Brazilian surgeon Aureo De Paula in 1999, this technique is applied by placing ileum, which is the distal part of the small intestine, either between stomach and the proximal part of the small intestine (1) or by placing the ileum to the proximal part of the small intestine without touching the natural connections of the stomach (2). There are 2 different versions of the operation. Sleeve gastrectomy procedure is standard for both of the versions.
Stomach Intestinal Pylorus-Sparing (SIPS) surgery is a type of weight-loss surgery. It was developed in 2013 by two U.S. surgeons, Daniel Cottam from Utah and Mitchell S. Roslin from New York.
