Buchwaldoboletus lignicola

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Buchwaldoboletus lignicola
Buchwaldoboletus lignicola 102704.jpg
Views of the top and underside of the cap of Buchwaldoboletus lignicola
Buchwaldoboletus lignicola 102705.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Boletales
Family: Boletaceae
Genus: Buchwaldoboletus
Species:
B. lignicola
Binomial name
Buchwaldoboletus lignicola
(Kallenb.) Pilát (1969)
Synonyms [1]
  • Boletus lignicolaKallenb. (1929)
  • Xerocomus lignicola(Kallenb.) Singer (1942)
  • Gyrodon lignicola(Kallenb.) Heinem. (1951)
  • Phlebopus lignicola(Kallenb.) M.M.Moser ex Groves (1955)
  • Pulveroboletus lignicola(Kallenb.) E.A.Dick & Snell (1965)

Buchwaldoboletus lignicola is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to Europe and North America. Found on wood, it is actually parasitic on the fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii . It has a convex yellow- to rusty brown cap, yellow to yellow-brown pores and stipe, and a brown spore print. Its edibility is unknown.

Taxonomy and naming

Originally described by Franz Joseph Kallenbach in 1929 as Boletus lignicola, [2] it was given its current name by mycologist Albert Pilát in 1969. [3] He first placed it in the genus Pulveroboletus before erecting the new genus Buchwaldoboletus on account of its occurrence on wood (rather than in the ground), decurrent and arcuate pores, the yellow mycelium at the base of the stipe, the blueing flesh and lack of hyphal clamps. [4] Other genera in which the species has been placed include Xerocomus by Rolf Singer in 1942, [5] Gyrodon by Paul Heinemann in 1951, [6] and Phlebopus by Meinhard Moser in 1955. [1] [7] The species name comes from the Latin words lignum "wood" and the verb cǒlěre "to inhabit". [8]

Buchwaldoboletus lignicola is a member of the genus Buchwaldoboletus , which with the genus Chalciporus form group of fungi that is an early offshoot in the family Boletaceae. Many members appear to be parasitic. [9]

Description

The cap is convex, becoming more broadly so in age, and measures 2.5–10 cm (1.0–3.9 in) in diameter. The cap margin has a band of sterile tissue that is rolled inwards when young. The cap surface is initially finely velvety but often develops fines cracks in maturity. Its color is rusty brown to yellow brown. [10] Easily peeled off the mushroom, the skin is separated from the yellow flesh by a thin gelatinous layer, and can in fact be moved back and forth across the cap. [4] The flesh may stain blue where it has been cut or otherwise injured, although this reaction is slow to develop, or may not occur at all. The pores are small and angular, measuring 1–3 per millimeter, while the tubes are 3–12 mm long. The pore surface is yellowish to brownish yellow in maturity, and stains bluish-green with injury. The stipe measures 3–8 cm (1.2–3.1 in) long by 0.6–2.5 cm (0.2–1.0 in) thick, and is roughly the same width throughout its length, or narrower at the base. There is a yellow mycelium at the stipe base. [10] The smell is mild and sweet, but has occasionally been described as foul in old specimens. [4] The edibility of B. lignicola is not known with certainty. [10]

The mushroom produces an olive-brown spore print. Spores are ellipsoid, smooth, and measure 6–10 by 3–4  μm. [10]

Distribution, habitat and ecology

Buchwaldoboletus lignicola has been recorded across Europe from the far northern subarctic regions south to Switzerland, and North America from Ontario and Quebec south to Pennsylvania. [4] It is considered endangered in the Czech Republic. [11]

It is only found where the fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii grows, and microscopic tests have revealed it is parasitic on that species. [9] The two are found with coniferous trees such as Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ), eastern white pine ( P. strobus ) and European larch ( Larix decidua ), and less commonly deciduous trees such as wild cherry ( Prunus avium ). [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Chalciporus piperatus</i> Species of fungus in the family Boletaceae found in mixed woodland in Europe and North America

Chalciporus piperatus, commonly known as the peppery bolete, is a small pored mushroom of the family Boletaceae found in mixed woodland in Europe and North America. It has been recorded under introduced trees in Brazil, and has become naturalised in Tasmania and spread under native Nothofagus cunninghamii trees. A small bolete, the fruit body has a 1.6–9 cm orange-fawn cap with cinnamon to brown pores underneath, and a 4–9.5 cm high by 0.6–1.2 cm thick stipe. The flesh has a very peppery taste. The rare variety hypochryseus, found only in Europe, has yellow pores and tubes.

<i>Buchwaldoboletus</i> Genus of fungi

Buchwaldoboletus is a genus of bolete fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Albert Pilát in 1969. According to a 2011 survey of the genus, Buchwaldoboletus contains about a dozen species that are saprotrophic and lignicolous.

<i>Chalciporus</i> Genus of fungi

Chalciporus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. There are approximately 25 species in the genus.

<i>Bothia</i> Genus of fungi

Bothia is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Bothia castanella, a bolete mushroom first described scientifically in 1900 from collections made in New Jersey. Found in the eastern United States, Costa Rica, China, and Taiwan, it grows in a mycorrhizal association with oak trees. Its fruit body is chestnut brown, the cap is smooth and dry, and the underside of the cap has radially elongated tubes. The spore deposit is yellow-brown. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. Historically, its unique combination of morphological features resulted in the transfer of B. castanella to six different Boletaceae genera. Molecular phylogenetic analysis, published in 2007, demonstrated that the species was genetically unique enough to warrant placement in its own genus.

<i>Caloboletus rubripes</i> Species of fungus

Caloboletus rubripes, commonly known as the red-stipe bolete or the red-stemmed bitter bolete, is a mushroom in the family Boletaceae. It was known as Boletus rubripes until 2014. Fruit bodies (mushrooms) are robust, with caps up to 18 cm in diameter, atop thick stipes 5–12 cm long. Mushrooms are non-toxic, but is so bitter as to be inedible. The mushroom flesh has a very strong bluing reaction when cut or damaged. and forms mycorrhizal relationships, primarily with conifers. It can be differentiated from similar boletes by its cap color and non-reticulate stipe.

<i>Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus</i> Species of fungus

Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus is a species of bolete in the family Boletaceae, native to Europe. Previously known as Boletus rhodoxanthus, it was transferred in 2014 to the newly erected genus Rubroboletus, based on DNA data.

<i>Pulveroboletus ravenelii</i> Species of fungus

Pulveroboletus ravenelii, commonly known as Ravenel's bolete or the powdery sulfur bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Described as new to science in 1853, the widely distributed species is known from Asia, Australia, North America, Central America, and South America. Mycorrhizal with oak, the fungus fruits on the ground singly, scattered, or in groups in woods. Fruit bodies (mushrooms) have convex to flat, yellowish to brownish-red caps up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter. On the cap underside, the pore surface is bright yellow before turning dingy yellow to grayish brown with age; it stains greenish blue then grayish brown after injury. A cottony and powdery partial veil remains as a ring on the stipe. The mushrooms are edible, and have been used in traditional Chinese medicine and for mushroom dyeing.

<i>Chalciporus pseudorubinellus</i> Species of fungus

Chalciporus pseudorubinellus is a bolete fungus of the family Boletaceae. It is found in North America and Central America.

<i>Harrya chromapes</i> Species of fungus

Harrya chromapes, commonly known as the yellowfoot bolete or the chrome-footed bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. The bolete is found in eastern North America, Costa Rica, and eastern Asia, where it grows on the ground, in a mycorrhizal association with deciduous and coniferous trees. Fruit bodies have smooth, rose-pink caps that are initially convex before flattening out. The pores on the cap undersurface are white, aging to a pale pink as the spores mature. The thick stipe has fine pink or reddish dots (scabers), and is white to pinkish but with a bright yellow base. The mushrooms are edible but are popular with insects, and so they are often infested with maggots.

<i>Boletus subluridellus</i> Species of fungus

Boletus subluridellus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Described as new to science in 1971 by American mycologists, the bolete is found in the eastern United States and Canada. It grows on the ground in coniferous and mixed forests in a mycorrhizal association with deciduous trees, especially oak. The fruit bodies (mushrooms) have orangish-red, broadly convex caps that are up to 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter, with small, dark reddish pores on the underside. The pale yellow stipe measures 4–9 cm (1.6–3.5 in) long by 1.5–2.3 cm (0.6–0.9 in) thick. All parts of the fruit body will quickly stain blue when injured or touched.

<i>Imleria badia</i> Edible species of fungus in the family Boletaceae found in Europe and North America

Imleria badia, commonly known as the bay bolete, is an edible, pored mushroom found in Eurasia and North America, where it grows in coniferous or mixed woods on the ground or on decaying tree stumps, sometimes in prolific numbers. Both the common and scientific names refer to the bay- or chestnut-coloured cap, which is almost spherical in young specimens before broadening and flattening out to a diameter up to 15 cm (6 in). On the cap underside are small yellowish pores that turn dull blue-grey when bruised. The smooth, cylindrical stipe, measuring 4–9 cm long by 1–2 cm thick, is coloured like the cap, but paler. Some varieties have been described from eastern North America, differing from the main type in both macroscopic and microscopic morphology.

<i>Buchwaldoboletus acaulis</i> Species of fungus

Buchwaldoboletus acaulis is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to Lesser Antilles and Martinique. Found on wood in xero-mesophytic forests, it has a convex bright yellow cap, sulfur-yellow pores and stipe, and a brown spore print. Its edibility is unknown.

<i>Buchwaldoboletus hemichrysus</i> Species of fungus

Buchwaldoboletus hemichrysus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to USA. Found on pine wood, it has a convex bright golden-yellow cap, rich red-brown pores, and an ochraceous spore print. It's edible, but the flesh is described as "tasteless".

<i>Buchwaldoboletus xylophilus</i> Species of fungus

Buchwaldoboletus xylophilus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to Asia, found on wood. It has a convex brown cap, and a red-brown stipe. Its edibility is unknown.

Buchwaldoboletus kivuensis is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to Africa.

Buchwaldoboletus duckeanus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to South America.

Buchwaldoboletus brachyspermus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to Martinique.

<i>Buchwaldoboletus sphaerocephalus</i> Species of fungus

Buchwaldoboletus sphaerocephalus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to Europe, North America and Southwest Australia.

<i>Buchwaldoboletus pseudolignicola</i> Species of fungus

Buchwaldoboletus pseudolignicola is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to Japan.

Buchwaldoboletus parvulus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to India. It grows on dead bamboo stumps, has a convex bright yellow cap, yellow to red-brown pores, and a yellow above, reddish below stipe.

References

  1. 1 2 "Buchwaldoboletus lignicola (Kallenb.) Pilát, Friesia, 9 (1-2): 217, 1969". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2013-05-26.
  2. ↑ Kallenbach F. (1929). Die Pilze Mitteleuropas, Band 1, Die Röhrlinge (Boletaceae) (in German). p. 57.
  3. ↑ Pilát A. (1969). "Buchwaldoboletus. Genus novum Boletacearum". Friesia. 9 (1–2): 217–8.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz; Both, Ernst E. (2011). "A Preliminary Survey of the genus Buchwaldoboletus" (PDF). Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. 40: 1–14.
  5. ↑ Singer R. (1942). "Das System der Agaricales. II". Annales Mycologici (in German). 40: 43.
  6. ↑ Heinneman P. (1951). "Champignons récoltés au Congo Belge par Madame Goossens-Fontana I. Boletineae". Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'État à Bruxelles (in French). 21: 223–346 (see p. 238). doi:10.2307/3666673. JSTOR   3666673.
  7. ↑ Groves JW. (1962). "Phlebopus lignicola in North America". Mycologia. 54 (3): 319–20. doi:10.2307/3756422. JSTOR   3756422.
  8. ↑ Simpson DP. (1979) [1854]. Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. pp. 116, 346. ISBN   0-304-52257-0.
  9. 1 2 Nuhn ME, Binder M, Taylor AF, Halling RE, Hibbett DS (2013). "Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae". Fungal Biology. 117 (7–8): 479–511. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.04.008. PMID   23931115.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Bessette AE, Roody WC, Bessette AR (2000). North American Boletes. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 124. ISBN   978-0-8156-0588-1.
  11. ↑ Mikšik M. (2012). "Rare and protected species of boletes of the Czech Republic". Field Mycology. 13 (1): 8–16. doi: 10.1016/j.fldmyc.2011.12.003 .
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