Bulinus

Bulinus
A live individual of Bulinus wrighti
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Heterobranchia
Superorder:	Hygrophila
Family:	Planorbidae
Subfamily:	Bulininae
Tribe:	Bulinini
Genus:	Bulinus O. F. Müller, 1781 [1]
Diversity [2]
37 extant species, at least 7 fossil species
Synonyms [3]
Bulinus (Bulinus)O. F. Müller, 1781· accepted, alternate representation Bulinus (Isidora)Ehrenberg, 1831· accepted, alternate representation Bulinus (Physopsis)F. Krauss, 1848· accepted, alternate representation Bulinus (Pyrgophysa)Crosse, 1879· accepted, alternate representation BullinusOken, 1815 (an incorrect subsequent spelling of Bulinus) IsidoraEhrenberg, 1831 Isidora (Physopsis)F. Krauss, 1848 (superseded combination) Kosovia Atanacković, 1959 [4] Kosovia (Kosovia)Atanacković, 1959 † (junior synonym) Limnaea (Bulinus)O.F. Müller, 1781 Physa (Isidora)Ehrenberg, 1831 Physa (Pyrgophysa)Crosse, 1879 PhysopsisF. Krauss, 1848 PulmobranchiaPelseneer, 1894 PyrgophysaCrosse, 1879 (junior synonym)

Bulinus is a genus of small tropical freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Bulinidae, the ramshorn snails and their allies. ^[5]

This genus is medically important because several species of Bulinus function as intermediate hosts for the schistosomiasis blood fluke. ^[6]

Taxonomy

Miocene genus Kosovia was synonymized Bulinus in 2017. ^[3]

Distribution

These snails are widespread in Africa including Madagascar ^[7] and the Middle East. ^[8]

This genus has not yet become established in the USA, but it is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA. ^[9]

Shell description

The shell of species in the genus Bulinus is sinistral. It has a very large body whorl and a small spire.

Species

Lateral view of a shell of Bulinus truncatus .

Species within the genus Bulinus have been placed into four species groups: the Bulinus africanus group, Bulinus forskalii group, Bulinus reticulatus group and the Bulinus truncatus/tropicus complex. ^[6] For the most part, species have been classified on the basis of their morphology although, in recent decades, the study of ploidy, allozymes and DNA methods have all played an increasing role in species discrimination. ^[6] Morphological characters, whilst adequate to allocate a specimen to a species group are sometimes unreliable when used to classify at higher resolution especially within the Bulinus africanus group. ^[6]

There are 37 ^[2] (or 38 species when the Bulinus mutandensis is recognized as a separate species) species within the genus Bulinus including:

Bulinus africanus group - 10 species

• Bulinus abyssinicus (Martens, 1866) ^[10]
• Bulinus africanus (Krauss, 1848) ^{[6] [10]}
• Bulinus globosus (Morelet, 1866) ^{[6] [10]}
• Bulinus hightoni Brown & Wright, 1978 ^[10]
• Bulinus jousseaumei (Dautzenberg, 1890) ^[10]
• Bulinus nasutus (Martens, 1879) ^{[6] [10]}
• Bulinus obtusispira (Smith, 1882) ^[10]
• Bulinus obtusus Mandahl-Barth, 1973 ^[10]
• Bulinus ugandae Mandahl-Barth, 1954 ^[10]
• Bulinus umbilicatus Mandahl-Barth, 1973 ^[10]

Bulinus forskalii group - 11 species

• Bulinus barthi Jelnes, 1979 ^{[6] [10]}
• Bulinus bavayi (Dautzenberg, 1894) ^[10]
• Bulinus beccarii (Paladilhe, 1872) ^[10]
• Bulinus browni Jelnes, 1979 ^[10]
• Bulinus camerunensis Mandahl-Barth, 1957 ^{[6] [10]}
• Bulinus canescens (Morelet, 1868) ^{[10] [11]}
• Bulinus cernicus (Morelet, 1867) ^{[6] [10]}
• Bulinus crystallinus (Morelet, 1868) ^[10]
• Bulinus forskalii (Ehrenberg, 1831) ^{[6] [10]}
• Bulinus scalaris (Dunker, 1845) ^[10]
• Bulinus senegalensis Müller, 1781 - the type species of the genus ^[10]

Bulinus reticulatus group - 2 species

• Bulinus reticulatus Mandahl-Barth, 1954 ^{[10] [12] [6]}
• Bulinus wrighti Mandahl-Barth, 1965 ^{[6] [10]}

Bulinus truncatus/tropicus complex - 14-15 species

• Bulinus angolensis (Morelet, 1866) ^[10]
• Bulinus depressus Haas, 1936 ^[10]
• Bulinus hexaploidus Burch, 1972 ^[10]
• Bulinus liratus (Tristram, 1863) ^[10]
• Bulinus mutandensis Preston, 1913 ^[13]
• Bulinus natalensis (Küster, 1841) ^{[10] [14] [6]}
• Bulinus nyassanus (E. A. Smith, 1877) ^{[6] [10]}
• Bulinus octoploidus Burch, 1972 ^[10]
• Bulinus permembranaceus (Preston, 1912) ^[10]
• Bulinus succinoides (E. A. Smith, 1877) ^[10]
• Bulinus transversalis (Martens, 1897) ^[10]
• Bulinus trigonus (Martens, 1892) ^[10]
• Bulinus tropicus (Krauss, 1848) ^{[6] [10]}
• Bulinus truncatus (Audouin, 1827) ^{[6] [10]}
• Bulinus yemenensis Paggi et al., 1978 ^[10]

other

• Bulinus rubellus Broderip 1832
• † Bulinus bouei (Pavlović, 1931) - from late Miocene ^[3]
• † Bulinus corici Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2012 - from middle Miocene ^[3]
• † Bulinus matejici (Pavlović, 1931) - from middle Miocene ^[3]
• † Bulinus ornatus (Pavlović, 1931) - from late Miocene ^[3]
• † Bulinus pavlovici (Atanacković, 1959) - from late Miocene ^[3]
• † Bulinus stevanovici (Atanacković, 1959) - late Miocene ^[3]
• † Bulinus striatus (Milošević, 1978) - late Miocene ^[3]

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.5 text from the reference ^[6]

1. Müller O. F. 1781. Geschichte der Perlen-Blasen. Der Naturforscher 15: 1-20, Tab. I [= 1]. Halle.
2. Characterisation of Bulinus Archived 28 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine . Accessed 31 December 2008.
3. Neubauer, Thomas A.; Mandic, Oleg; Harzhauser, Mathias; Jovanović, Gordana (2017). "The discovery of Bulinus (Pulmonata: Planorbidae) in a Miocene palaeolake in the Balkan Peninsula". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 83 (3): 1–9. doi: 10.1093/mollus/eyx015 .
4. Atanacković, M (1959). "Pliocène du Bassin de Kosovo (Serbie méridionale)". Geološki Glasnik. 3: 257–377.
5. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bulinus O. F. Müller, 1781. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=224352 on 2020-06-27
6. Kane, R. A.; Stothard, J. R.; Emery, A. M.; Rollinson, D. (2008). "Molecular characterization of freshwater snails in the genus Bulinus: A role for barcodes?". Parasites & Vectors. 1 (1): 15. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-1-15 . PMC   2441610 . PMID   18544153.
7. Stothard, J. R.; Brémond, P.; Andriamaro, L.; Sellin, B.; Sellin, E.; Rollinson, D. (2001). "Bulinus species on Madagascar: Molecular evolution, genetic markers and compatibility with Schistosoma haematobium". Parasitology. 123 Suppl (7): S261–S275. doi:10.1017/s003118200100806x. PMID   11769288. S2CID   21584714.
8. Jørgensen, A.; Jørgensen, L. V. G.; Kristensen, T. K.; Madsen, H.; Stothard, J. R. (2007). "Molecular phylogenetic investigations of Bulinus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Lake Malawi with comments on the topological incongruence between DNA loci". Zoologica Scripta. 36 (6): 577. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00298.x. S2CID   85182925.
9. Cowie R. H., Dillon R. T., Robinson D. G. & Smith J. W. (2009). "Alien non-marine snails and slugs of priority quarantine importance in the United States: A preliminary risk assessment". American Malacological Bulletin27: 113-132. PDF Archived 16 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine .
10. Brown D. S. (1994). Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   0-7484-0026-5
11. Brown D. S. (1996). Bulinus canescens. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived 27 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 6 August 2007.
12. Appleton C., Lange C. N., Kristensen T. K., Stensgaard A-S. & Van Damme D. (2009). Bulinus reticulatus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
13. Kyambadde R. (2004). Bulinus mutandensis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived 27 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 6 August 2007.
14. Curtis B., Jørgensen A., Kristensen T. K., Stensgaard A-S. & Van Damme D. (2009). Bulinus natalensis. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Retrieved 3 December 2010.