Calandrinia

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Calandrinia
Calandrinia colchaguensis (8677477954).jpg
Calandrinia colchaguensis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Montiaceae
Genus: Calandrinia
Kunth
Synonyms [1]
  • BaitariaRuiz & Pav.
  • CosmiaDombey ex Juss.
  • DiaziaPhil.
  • MonocosmiaFenzl
  • PhacospermaHaw.

Calandrinia is a genus of flowering plants known as purslanes and redmaids. It includes 37 species of annual and perennial herbs which bear colorful flowers in shades of red to purple and white. Species of this genus are native to the Americas, including western and southern South America, Central America, and western North America. [1] [2] Some species have been introduced to parts of Australia, New Zealand, southern Africa, Asia, and Europe. [1] Over 60 species native to Australia and New Guinea that were formerly included in Calandrinia are now placed in a separate genus, Rumicastrum or Parakeelya. [3] A single eastern Australian species named in 2022, Calandrinia petrophila , is still included in Calandrinia, but will be placed into the Australian genus when the name of the new genus is finally settled. [4]

Contents

Description

Species in the genus Calandrinia are annual or perennial herbaceous plants with a sprawling or erect habit. The leaves are mostly basal and may be either alternate or opposite in arrangement. Flowers are produced in cymes. Each flower produces between four and eleven petals, though often five. Flowers may be white, purple, pink, red, or yellow. [5] [6] [7]

Taxonomy

The genus Calandrinia was erected in 1823 by German botanist Carl Sigismund Kunth. [8] [9] It was named for Jean Louis Calandrini (1703–1758), a Genevan botanist. [6]

Approximately 74 Calandrinia species are native to Australia. [10] Along with the pigweeds ( Portulaca species), Calandrinia are the most prominent succulent species in Australia. [11] The Australian Calandrinia were traditionally considered to be monophyletic (share the same ancestry) with 14 Calandrinia species from the Americas, and are still classified as belonging to the same genus. [12] However, in 1987 Australian taxonomist Roger Carolin proposed that the American and Australian Calandrinia are not closely related to each other based on morphological analyses. Follow-up studies also supported two different lineages, based in part on the absence of Calandrinia on islands along possible dispersal pathways between South America and Australia and in part on genomic data. [13] [10]

Despite this, the nomenclature has not been officially changed for all Australian Calandrinia, including C. balonensis. Although the need for a nomenclature change is widely agreed, a debate has arisen over the appropriate naming of the Australian Calandrinia. [3] A proposal has been made to rename the genus as Parakeelya on the grounds that it is used as a common name for the whole genus, derives from South Australian and Central Desert Indigenous names, and is already accepted as a synonym for some Australian species. [14] The competing view holds that the Australian genus should be named Rumicastrum according to established nomenclatural rules. [3] Plants of the World Online accepts Rumicastrum. [15] The proposal to rename Calandrinia as Parakeelya has not yet been decided. [12]

The genus is classified in the family Montiaceae. [1] It was previously placed in the purslane family, Portulacaceae. [6]

Species

As of December 2024, the following species are accepted in the genus Calandrinia: [1]

Formerly placed here

The following species were formerly placed in genus Calandrinia, including the Australasian species now placed in genus Rumicastrum . [1] [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Scaevola</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the Goodenia family

Scaevola is a genus of flowering plants in the Goodenia family, Goodeniaceae. It consists of more than 130 species, with the center of diversity being Australia and Polynesia. There are around 80 species in Australia, occurring throughout the continent, in a variety of habitats. Diversity is highest in the South West, where around 40 species are endemic.

<i>Portulaca</i> Genus of flowering plants

Portulaca is a genus of flowering plants in the family Portulacaceae, and is the type genus of the family. With over 100 species, it is found in the tropics and warm temperate regions. Portulacas are also known as the purslanes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portulacaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Portulacaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising 115 species in a single genus Portulaca. Formerly some 20 genera with about 500 species, were placed there, but it is now restricted to encompass only one genus, the other genera being placed elsewhere. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists, and is also known as the purslane family. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the highest diversity in semiarid regions of the Southern Hemisphere in Africa, Australia, and South America, but with a few species also extending north into Arctic regions. The family is very similar to the Caryophyllaceae, differing in the calyx, which has only two sepals.

<i>Terminalia</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family Combretaceae, comprising nearly 300 species distributed in tropical regions of the world. The genus name derives from the Latin word terminus, referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.

<i>Calceolaria</i> Genus of flowering plants

Calceolaria, also called lady's purse, slipper flower and pocketbook flower, or slipperwort, is a genus of plants in the family Calceolariaceae, sometimes classified in Scrophulariaceae by some authors. This genus consists of about 388 species of shrubs, lianas and herbs, and the geographical range extends from Patagonia to central Mexico, with its distribution centre in Andean region. Calceolaria species have usually yellow or orange flowers, which can have red or purple spots. The Calceolaria Herbeohybrida group, also called C. herbeohybrida Voss, is a group of ornamental hybrids known only in cultivation, called florists' slipperwort.

<i>Senna</i> (plant) Genus of flowering leguminous plants

Senna, the sennas, is a large genus of flowering plants in the legume family. This diverse genus is native throughout the tropics, with a small number of species in temperate regions. The number of species is estimated to be from about 260 to 350. The type species for the genus is Senna alexandrina. About 50 species of Senna are known in cultivation.

<i>Talinum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Talinum is a genus of herbaceous succulent plants in the family Talinaceae whose common names include fameflower. It includes 27 species native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Indian subcontinent, and Myanmar. Several species bear edible leaves, and Talinum fruticosum is widely grown in tropical regions as a leaf vegetable. Talinum paniculatum is grown as an ornamental plant.

<i>Cistanthe</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cistanthe is a plant genus which includes most plants known as pussypaws. These are small, succulent flowering plants which often bear brightly colored flowers, though they vary quite a bit between species in appearance. Some species have flowers that are tightly packed into fluffy-looking inflorescences, the trait that gives them their common name.

<i>Trianthema</i> Genus of succulents

Trianthema is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are annuals or perennials generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostrate growth form, flowers with five perianth segments subtended by a pair of bracts, and a fruit with a winged lid. The genus contains about 30 described species growing in tropical and subtropical regions, especially Australia. One common species, Trianthema portulacastrum, desert horse purslane, is frequent as a weed in agricultural areas and is widely distributed.

<i>Rumicastrum calyptratum</i> Species of plant

Rumicastrum calyptratum, the pink purslane or small-leaved parakeelya, is an annual plant in the family Montiaceae. It is endemic to Australia.

<i>Parakeelya balonensis</i> Species of plant

Parakeelya balonensis is a species of succulent plant native to arid and semi-arid regions of Australia. Common names for the plant include parakeelya, broad-leaf parakeelya, broad-leaved parakeelya and Balonne parakeelya. Parakeelya derives from one of the many Aboriginal Australian names for the plant. The scientific name for the species comes from the Balonne River in Queensland, where the first specimen was found. Calandrinia, its former genus, is named for Jean Louis Calandrini, a 19th-century Genevan professor and botanical author, P. balonensis is marketed as a garden plant under the name Calandrinia ‘Mystique’.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Montiaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Montiaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising about 14 genera with about 230 known species, ranging from small herbaceous plants to shrubs. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution.

<i>Rumicastrum corrigioloides</i> Annual herb

Rumicastrum corrigioloides is an annual herb in the family Montiaceae, and is native to Western Australia, South Australia, and Victoria.

<i>Rumicastrum granuliferum</i> Species of plant

Rumicastrum granuliferum is an annual herb in the family Montiaceae, and is native to New South Wales, Tasmania, Western Australia, South Australia, and Victoria.

<i>Parakeelya</i> Genus of plants

Parakeelya is a genus of plants in the family Montiaceae with species native to Australia and New Guinea. These species were formerly classed in genus Calandrinia, which was discovered to be paraphyletic.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Calandrinia Kunth". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  2. Calandrinia petrophila J.G.West & Albr. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Hershkovitz, M.A. (2020). "Rumicastrum Ulbrich (Montiaceae): a beautiful name for the Australian calandrinias". Phytologia. 102: 116–123.
  4. Judy G. West and David E. Albrecht (2022). A new species of Calandrinia (Montiaceae) from rocky pavements in eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland. Telopea, Volume 25: 323–329, 28 October 2022. dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea16319
  5. "Calandrinia". vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au. VicFlora, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  6. 1 2 3 Kelley, Walter A. (2003). "Calandrinia". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 4. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 11 January 2019 via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  7. Elvebakk, Arve; Flores, Ana Rosa; Watson, John Michael (19 March 2015). "Revisions in the South American Calandrinia caespitosa complex (Montiaceae)". Phytotaxa. 203 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.203.1.1.
  8. Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. 1823. Page 77. Illustration.
  9. "Calandrinia Kunth". ipni.org. International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  10. 1 2 Hancock, L.P, Obbens, F., Moore, A.J., Thiele, K., de Vos, J.M, West, J., and Edwards, E.J. (2018). "Phylogeny, evolution, and biogeographic history of Calandrinia (Montiaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 105 (6): 1021–1034. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1110 . PMID   29995314. S2CID   51612043.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. Low, T. (2016). "Where are all the succulents?". Wildlife Australia. 53: 12–14.
  12. 1 2 Thiele, Kevin (2018-12-29). "On the Horizon: Calandrinia changing to Parakeelya". Taxonomy Australia. Retrieved 2020-10-18.
  13. Tahir, S.S. and Carolin, R.C. (1990). "Phylogeny and origin of Australian Calandrinia (Portulacaceae)". Pakistan Journal of Botany. 22: 1–4.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. Thiele, K.R., Obbens, L., Hancock, E., Edwards, E. and West, J.G. (2018). "Proposal to conserve the name Parakeelya against Rumicastrum". Taxon. 67: 214–215. doi:10.12705/671.25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. Rumicastrum Ulbr. Plants of the World Online . Accessed 17 November 2023.