Calystegia stebbinsii

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Calystegia stebbinsii
Calystegiastebbinsii.jpg
Status TNC G1.svg
Critically Imperiled  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Solanales
Family: Convolvulaceae
Genus: Calystegia
Species:
C. stebbinsii
Binomial name
Calystegia stebbinsii
Brummitt

Calystegia stebbinsii is a rare species of morning glory known by the common name Stebbins' false bindweed. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada foothills of California, where it is known from only two spots in El Dorado and Nevada Counties. It grows in unique habitat in chaparral on gabbro soils. [4] It is a federally listed endangered species. [2]

Contents

Description

Calystegia stebbinsii is a perennial herb producing climbing, white haired, vine-like stems approaching a meter in maximum length. The leaves are up to about 5 centimeters long and palmate in shape with 7 to 9 long, narrow lobes; the distinctive shape of the leaves make the plant easy to identify among the morning glories native to the region.

The inflorescence bears flowers atop long peduncles, each flower about 3 centimeters wide and white or cream-yellow in color, sometimes tinted with pink. They are pollinated by bees and other insects. [5] Like many other chaparral plants, this species has seeds which are stimulated to germinate by exposure to wildfire. [4] [1] It also reproduces via rhizome. [5]

Conservation

The plant's type specimen was collected by G. Ledyard Stebbins in 1970 outside of Placerville, California. [3] The species was described to science and named for him in 1974. [6] The plant is known from only two locations, each containing a scattering of occurrences. [3] Both locations are on the Pine Hill intrusion, a section of gabbro-based rock that oozed as magma into the surrounding rock and then solidified there, eventually becoming exposed as the softer rock around them eroded away. [3] This gabbro intrusion yields red-colored soil that is rich in heavy metals, and some plants are adapted to this kind of substrate. [3] C. stebbinsii grows on the gabbro soil as well as the similar serpentine soil that can also be found in the intrusion. [3] Other species are completely limited to the gabbro sections. [3] The Pine Hill Ecological Reserve was established to protect these unique and often rare plant species. [5]

At the time it was placed on the endangered species list, at least one third of the known occurrences of the plant had been destroyed, mostly by development of its habitat. [3] Most of the sites that still existed were in danger of destruction. [1] [3] With destruction and fragmentation of the habitat come associated activity such as road construction, trash dumping, off-road vehicle use, and herbicides. [1]

The plant does not tolerate shade, and when the brush around it grows too high and shades it out, it does not survive. [5] This suggests it requires disturbance, such as wildfire, to clear the overgrowth. [3] Fire suppression is detrimental. [1] Protected and managed areas of the habitat undergo controlled burns. [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Calystegia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the morning glory family Convolvulaceae

Calystegia is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of the species endemic to California. They are annual or herbaceous perennial twining vines growing 1–5 m tall, with spirally arranged leaves. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, 3–10 cm diameter, white or pink, with a sometimes inflated basal epicalyx.

<i>Fremontodendron</i> Genus of shrubs

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<i>Fremontodendron californicum</i> Species of shrub

Fremontodendron californicum, with the common names California flannelbush, California fremontia, and flannel bush, is a flowering shrub native to diverse habitats in southwestern North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California Floristic Province</span> Region of uniform plant variety in the western United States and Mexico

The California Floristic Province (CFP) is a floristic province with a Mediterranean-type climate located on the Pacific Coast of North America with a distinctive flora similar to other regions with a winter rainfall and summer drought climate like the Mediterranean Basin. This biodiversity hotspot is known for being the home of the Sierran giant sequoia tree and its close relative the coast redwood. In 1996, the Province was designated as a biodiversity hotspot allowing it to join ranks among 33 other areas in the world with many endemic species. To be named a biodiversity hotspot, an area has to contain species and plant life that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. The California Floristic Province is home to over 3,000 species of vascular plants, 60% of which are endemic to the province.

<i>Nolina cismontana</i> Species of flowering plant

Nolina cismontana, the chaparral beargrass, chaparral nolina, California beargrass, Peninsular beargrass, or peninsular nolina, is a rare species of flowering plant of the Peninsular and Transverse Ranges in California. It is endemic to only four counties in Southern California: Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego and Ventura Counties. There are perhaps 15 to 17 occurrences in existence, with a total population estimated between 10,000 and 20,000.

<i>Galium californicum</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Arctostaphylos myrtifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Arctostaphylos myrtifolia is a rare species of manzanita known by the common name Ione manzanita. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada foothills of California. It grows in the chaparral and woodland plant community on a distinctive acidic soil series in western Amador and Calaveras Counties. There are only about 17 occurrences, but the plant is abundant in some areas of its limited range. This is a federally listed threatened species.

<i>Astragalus brauntonii</i> Species of legume

Astragalus brauntonii is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Braunton's milkvetch. It is endemic to California, where it is known from fewer than 20 extant occurrences in the hills and mountains surrounding the Los Angeles Basin in Southern California. This is a federally listed endangered species in the United States.

The Red Hills are a mountain range in Tuolumne County, California. Elevations within the Red Hills vary between 750 and 1,750 feet above sea level. Slopes of the hills themselves vary from about 30% to 75%.

<i>Calystegia occidentalis</i> Species of morning glory

Calystegia occidentalis is a species of morning glory known by the common names Modoc morning glory or chaparral false bindweed.

<i>Calystegia subacaulis</i> Species of morning glory

Calystegia subacaulis is a species of morning glory known by the common name hillside false bindweed.

<i>Ceanothus ferrisiae</i> Species of flowering plant

Ceanothus ferrisiae is a rare species of shrub in the family Rhamnaceae. Its common name is coyote ceanothus.

<i>Ceanothus roderickii</i> Species of flowering plant

Ceanothus roderickii is a rare species of shrub in the family Rhamnaceae known by the common name Pine Hill ceanothus. It is endemic to western El Dorado County, California, where it grows in the chaparral and woodlands of the Sierra Nevada foothills, such as the Pine Hill Ecological Reserve. It is named after 20th century California flora explorer, botanist, and arboretum director Wayne Roderick.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pine Hill Ecological Reserve</span> California nature reserve

Pine Hill Ecological Reserve is a nature reserve of 403 acres (1.63 km2) located due east of Folsom Lake in the Sierra Nevada foothills, in El Dorado County, California. The reserve was established in 1979, and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management.

<i>Lomatium stebbinsii</i> Species of flowering plant

Lomatium stebbinsii, known by the common name Stebbins' desertparsley, is a rare species of flowering plant in the carrot family.

<i>Harmonia stebbinsii</i> Species of flowering plant

Harmonia stebbinsii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Stebbins' tarweed, or Stebbins' madia. It is endemic to northern California, where it is limited to the Klamath Mountains and adjacent slopes of the North Coast Ranges. It is a member of the serpentine soils plant community in these mountains, found at elevations of 1100–1600 meters. It is a rare annual herb producing a bristly stem up to about 25 centimeters tall studded with black resin glands. Its bristly leaves grow up to about 2 centimeters long and are mostly gathered near the base of the plant. The inflorescence is an array of flower heads lined with hairy, glandular, purple-tipped phyllaries. The head has a few yellow ray florets several millimeters long and yellow disc florets. The fruit is an achene tipped with a pappus.

Monardella stebbinsii is a rare species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common names Feather River monardella and Stebbins' monardella. It is endemic to Plumas County, California, where it is known from only about ten occurrences along the North Fork of the Feather River in the High Sierra. It is a member of the serpentine soils flora in rocky mountain habitat.

Packera ganderi is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Gander's ragwort. It is endemic to southern California, where it is known from a few occurrences in San Diego and Riverside Counties.

<i>Packera layneae</i> Species of flowering plant

Packera layneae, known by the common name Layne's ragwort and Layne's butterweed, is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family.

Agnorhiza bolanderi is a species of flowering plant known by the common name Bolander's mule's ears. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from a narrow section of the Sierra Nevada foothills about 275 kilometers long from Shasta County to Mariposa County. It grows in chaparral and grassland habitat, usually on serpentine soils.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 NatureServe (5 May 2023). "Calystegia stebbinsii". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Stebbins' morning-glory (Calystegia stebbinsii)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 USFWS (18 October 1996). "Determination of endangered status for four plants and threatened status for one plant from the central Sierran foothills of California". Federal Register. 61 (203): 54346–54358. 61 FR 54346
  4. 1 2 "BLM Profile". Archived from the original on 2009-01-11. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Hinshaw, G. Pine Hill Preserve Management Plan. Archived 2012-10-06 at the Wayback Machine July 2008.
  6. Brummitt, R. K. (1974). A remarkable new species of Calystegia (Convolvulaceae) from California. Kew Bulletin 29:3 499–502. JSTOR   4107994 doi : 10.2307/4107994