| Cancrinos Temporal range: | |
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Family: | † Cancrinidae |
| Genus: | † Cancrinos Münster, 1839 |
| Species: | †C. claviger |
| Binomial name | |
| †Cancrinos claviger Münster, 1839 | |
Cancrinos is a genus of fossil crustaceans closely allied with the slipper lobsters. One species is known, C. claviger from the Jurassic of southern Germany.
Fossils of Cancrinos are rare, and their state of preservation is often imperfect. [1] Count Georg zu Münster first described Cancrinos in 1839, based on material from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen limestones of southern Germany. [2] He described two species, Cancrinos claviger and C. latipes, differentiated by the size of the second antennae, [2] but the two are now considered to be synonyms. [1]
Further specimens have been discovered in Upper Cretaceous lithographic limestones of Lebanon, and described as a new species, C. libanensis; [3] however, Haug et al. (2016) made it the type species of a separate genus Paracancrinos . [4]
Although Münster was unable to discern any living relatives of Cancrinos during his original description, [2] Reinhard Förster proposed in 1984 that Cancrinos was a transitional form between spiny lobsters (Palinuridae) and slipper lobsters (Scyllaridae). [5] [6]
Cancrinos differs most markedly from other related animals by the form of the second antennae, which are flattened towards the end, approaching the state seen in living slipper lobsters. [7] Unlike living slipper lobsters, however, the flattened, distal parts of the antennae retain the ancestral state of comprising many segments, rather than being reduced to a single element. [7]
Because immature specimens have been found, parts of the ontogeny of Cancrinos are known, although it is unclear whether the smallest specimens are in the puerulus stage, or are juveniles. [1] Younger specimens have less flattened antennae, more like those of living spiny lobsters; thus, Canrcinos exhibits a form of heterochrony known as peramorphosis. [7] This ontogeny is thought to reflect the phylogeny of Cancrinos, representing a partial development from the ancestral spiny lobster-like form towards the derived slipper lobster-like form. [7]
The Achelata is an infra-order of the decapod crustaceans, holding the spiny lobsters, slipper lobsters and their fossil relatives.
Slipper lobsters are a family (Scyllaridae) of about 90 species of achelate crustaceans, in the Decapoda clade Reptantia, found in all warm oceans and seas. They are not true lobsters, but are more closely related to spiny lobsters and furry lobsters. Slipper lobsters are instantly recognisable by their enlarged antennae, which project forward from the head as wide plates. All the species of slipper lobsters are edible, and some, such as the Moreton Bay bug and the Balmain bug are of commercial importance.
The Glypheoidea, is a group of lobster-like decapod crustaceans which forms an important part of fossil faunas, such as the Solnhofen limestone. These fossils included taxa such as Glyphea, and Mecochirus, mostly with elongated chelipeds. This group of decapods is a good example of a living fossil, or a lazarus taxon, since until their discovery in the 1970s, the group was considered to have become extinct in the Eocene. The superfamily Glypheoidea comprises five families. The two extant species, Neoglyphea inopinata and Laurentaeglyphea neocaledonica, are both in the family Glypheidae.
The Solnhofen Plattenkalk, a collective term of multiple Late Jurassic lithographic limestones in southeastern Germany, is famous for its well preserved fossil flora and fauna dating to the late Jurassic.
Albertoppelia is an extinct genus of prawn which existed during the Late Jurassic period, named after Albert Oppel. It contains the single species Abertoppelia kuempeli. Fossils of Albertoppelia were recovered from the Eichstätt Formation in Bavaria, Germany.
Koelga is an extinct genus of prawn in the order Decapoda. It contains the species Koelga curvirostris and Koelga muensteri.
Pseudodusa is an extinct genus of prawn, containing only the species Pseudodusa frattigianii, known from the Solnhofen limestones of southern Germany.
Hefriga is an extinct genus of shrimp in the order Decapoda. It contains three species, and lived in the Jurassic period.
Crustaceans may pass through a number of larval and immature stages between hatching from their eggs and reaching their adult form. Each of the stages is separated by a moult, in which the hard exoskeleton is shed to allow the animal to grow. The larvae of crustaceans often bear little resemblance to the adult, and there are still cases where it is not known what larvae will grow into what adults. This is especially true of crustaceans which live as benthic adults, more-so than where the larvae are planktonic, and thereby easily caught.
Tricarina is an extinct genus of crustaceans in order Isopoda, known from a single incomplete fossil specimen from the Cretaceous of western Iran. It has a flattened body with three longitudinal ridges, which give it its name.
This list of fossil arthropods described in 2014 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that have been described during the year 2014. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.
This list of fossil arthropods described in 2016 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that have been described during the year 2016, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to arthropod paleontology that occurred in the year 2016.
This list of fossil arthropods described in 2017 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that are scheduled to be described during the year 2017, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to arthropod paleontology that are scheduled to occur in the year 2017.
This list of fossil arthropods described in 2019 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that are scheduled to be described during the year 2019, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to arthropod paleontology that are scheduled to occur in the year 2019.
Paracancrinos is a prehistoric genus of crustacean that lived during the Upper Cretaceous in what is now Lebanon. It contains a single species, P. libanensis, which was originally described as a species of Cancrinos in 2006, but was moved to its own genus in 2016.
Palinurina is an extinct genus of crustaceans, belonging to the decapods. These animals lived between the Lower Jurassic and the Upper Jurassic and their fossils can be found in Europe. This crustacean is considered one of the oldest lobsters.
Tyrannosculda is an extinct genus of mantis shrimp which lived during the Late Jurassic in southern Germany. It was named in 2021, with T. laurae as the type and only species. Several fossil specimens are known, representing various growth stages.
Sculda is an extinct genus of mantis shrimp known from the late Jurassic to late Cretaceous of Germany and Lebanon. Although several species have been assigned to it, some are now deemed dubious or moved to different genera. It was a moderate-sized crustacean, measuring no more than 50 mm (2.0 in) long. Sculda would have lived in a marine environment and been a predatory animal, likely smashing its prey with the widened segment of its raptorial appendages before cutting it with the sharp appendage tips.
Pseudastacus is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans that lived in the Jurassic period of Europe, and possibly the Cretaceous period of Lebanon. Many species have been assigned to it, though the placement of some species remain uncertain and others have been reassigned to different genera. The genus itself has been placed into different families by numerous authors, but is currently believed to be a member of Stenochiridae.
Stenochirus is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans that lived from the Callovian to Tithonian stages of the Jurassic period. Its fossils have been found in Germany and France.
Media related to Cancrinos at Wikimedia CommonsSubgroups of Order Decapoda | ||
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| Dendrobranchiata |   | |
| Pleocyemata | ||
