Cassida | |
---|---|
C. nebulosa | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
Family: | Chrysomelidae |
Subfamily: | Cassidinae |
Tribe: | Cassidini |
Genus: | Cassida Linnaeus, 1758 |
Type species | |
Cassida nebulosa | |
Diversity | |
at least 430 species |
Cassida is a large Old World genus of tortoise beetles in the subfamily Cassidinae. The natural history of Cassida sphaerula in South Africa is a typical life cycle. [1] Several species of Cassida are important agricultural pests, [2] in particular C. vittata and C. nebulosa on sugar beet and spinach. The thistle tortoise beetle (Cassida rubiginosa) has been used as a biological control agent against Canada thistle.
There are at least 430 described species in Cassida. [3] [4] This genus contains the most species of all Cassidinae. [5] Larvae build shields with their feces and exuviae, a widespread pattern of tortoise beetles. [6]
The Cryptocephalinae are a subfamily of the leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae), and belong to the group of case-bearing leaf beetles called the Camptosomata.
The Galerucinae are a large subfamily of the leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae), containing about 15,000 species in more than 1000 genera, of which about 500 genera and about 8000 species make up the flea beetle tribe Alticini.
The Cassidinae are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae. The antennae arise close to each other and some members have the pronotal and elytral edges extended to the side and covering the legs so as to give them the common name of tortoise beetles. Some members, such as in the tribe Hispini, are notable for the spiny outgrowths to the pronotum and elytra.
Acromis spinifex is a species of tortoise beetle from South America. The males have enlarged elytra which are probably used in male–male combat, while females are among the few tortoise beetles to show maternal care of their offspring.
Proseicela is a genus of leaf beetles.
Tricholochmaea decora, known generally as the Pacific willow leaf beetle or gray willow leaf beetle, is a species of skeletonizing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
Tricholochmaea is a genus of skeletonizing leaf beetles and flea beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There are 21 described species and two subspecies of Tricholochmaea. It is treated as a synonym of Pyrrhalta by some authors, but not by others.
Tricholochmaea rufosanguinea is a species of skeletonizing leaf beetle or flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
Epitrix fasciata, the banded epitrix, is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in the Caribbean, Central America, North America, Oceania, and South America.
Luperini is a tribe of skeletonizing leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There are more than 30 genera and 500 described species in Luperini.
Ischyrosonychini is a tribe of tortoise beetles and hispines in the family Chrysomelidae. There are about 7 genera and at least 70 described species in Ischyrosonychini.
Hemisphaerota is a genus in the subfamily Cassidinae in the family Chrysomelidae. There are about 10 described species in Hemisphaerota.
Hemisphaerotini is a Neotropical tribe of tortoise beetles and hispines in the family Chrysomelidae. There are at least 2 genera and more than 40 described species in Hemisphaerotini.
Keitheatus is a genus of skeletonizing leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There is one described species in Keitheatus, Keitheatus blakeae. They are found in Texas.
Cassida stevensi is a species of leaf beetle, situated in the subfamily Cassidinae and the genus Cassida. It was described as a new species in 2011 from specimens collected in India and Myanmar.
Trachymela sloanei, known generally as the Australian tortoise beetle or small eucalyptus tortoise beetle, is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae.
Acromis is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Chrysomelidae. The three species of this genus are found in Southern America. These species exhibit subsociality, where the females lay clusters of eggs that she guards until they hatch, the larvae mature, pupate, and young adults disperse.
Platypria (Platypria) echidna, is a species of leaf beetle found India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Vietnam.
The Neotropical tortoise beetle tribe Spilophorini comprises two genera, Calyptocephala Chevrolat, 1836 and Spilophora Boheman, 1850. Biological information is limited but the life cycle includes six larval instars and the larvae construct a shield of their cast skins.
Doryphora is a genus of leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. It includes nine species from Central and South America.