Chau Chak Wing Museum

Last updated
Chau Chak Wing Museum
Chau Chak Wing Museum April 2021.jpg
Chau Chak Wing Museum
Established2020 (2020) [1]
LocationUniversity Pl, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
Collections Archaeology, Art, Ethnography, Natural History
DirectorMichael Dagostino [2]
ArchitectJohnson Pilton Walker
Owner University of Sydney
Website https://www.sydney.edu.au/museum/
The interior of the Chau Chak Wing Museum Interior of the Chau Chak Wing Museum April 2021.jpg
The interior of the Chau Chak Wing Museum

The Chau Chak Wing Museum is a university museum at the University of Sydney, Australia. [3]

Contents

It was formed by the amalgamating the Nicholson Museum, the Macleay Museum, and the University Art Collection. [4] [5]

History

The collections began with the Nicholson Collection of antiquities in 1860 and continued to grow to include the Macleay Collections of natural history, ethnography, science and historic photography, and the University Art Collection. The three collections were brought together under Sydney University Museums in 2005. [6]

The museum is named after Chau Chak Wing, a Chinese-Australian businessman who donated $15 million for the building's construction in 2015. [7] Other major benefactors were Penelope Seidler, the Ian Potter Foundation and Nelson Meers Foundation. [7] The museum was officially opened on the 18 November 2020. [8]

In September 2023 it hosted the International Council of Museums Committee for University Museums and Collections Conference, "Truth-telling through university museums and collections". [9]

The museum's collection of human remains from Egypt was featured in the second season of "Stuff the British Stole". [10]

Directors

Building

The building is located on Camperdown Campus of the University of Sydney, opposite the Main Quadrangle and Fisher Library. [5] The building was designed by Johnson Pilton Walker. [13] The building is five-storey, with four levels of exhibition space with six main galleries: Ian Potter Gallery, Macleay Gallery, Nicholson Gallery, Penelope Gallery, Power Gallery, and the China Gallery. Indigenous Australian design features were incorporated design and landscaping of the building. [14] The forecourt incorporates a replica of a pre-invasion Aboriginal petroglyph of two wallabies originally located in Westleigh and the foyer prominently displays a Welcome to Country in the Sydney language. [14]

Construction of the new museum was completed in 2020. [5]

Collections

The museum has three main collections, the Macleay Collection, the Nicholson Collection, and the University of Art Collection. [5]

Macleay Collection

The Macleay Collection is the oldest natural history collection in Australia, originating in the cabinets of Alexander Macleay, and expanding through the collecting networks of the Macleay family from Charles Darwin to Sir Stamford Raffles. [15]

It contains historically rich collections of Aboriginal, Torres Strait and Pacific Islanders' cultural material, including objects collected on the early scientific expedition, the Chevert, and those collected in the early years of anthropology at the University of Sydney. [15]

The work of University of Sydney scientists is reflected in the collection of scientific instruments and apparatus used in research and teaching, and is part of the story of scientific practice in Australia. [15]

The Historic Photograph Collection records life in Australia and the Pacific region, from the late 1840s to the 1960s, as captured by both commercial and amateur photographers. It includes a wide range of photographic formats, reflecting the changing technology of photography. [15]

In addition, the Macleay Collections holds material reflecting the museum's history, including a significant library, furniture, documents and ephemera relating to the major collectors. [15]

Nicholson Collection

The Nicholson Collection contains nearly 30,000 artefacts representing ancient cultures from the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Middle East and Europe. [16] Spanning from the pre-Neolithic to the late medieval period, these artefacts hold intimate stories of people’s everyday lives, ancient environments, and cultural activity for over more than 10,000 years. [17]

The collection was founded in 1860 by Sir Charles Nicholson with a donation of Etruscan, Greek, Roman and Egyptian antiquities acquired to establish a museum, "calculated materially to promote the object[ives] for which the [The University of Sydney] was founded." [16] By 1870, the University of Sydney's Museum of Antiquities included over 3,000 artefacts and had been nicknamed the Nicholsonian Museum. [16]

Over the past 160 years, the Nicholson Collection has expanded through ambitious acquisition programs, generous donation and private bequests. International excavations in Egypt, Cyprus and the Middle East, partly sponsored by the University of Sydney have also contributed significant objects to the collection. [16]

University Art Collection

The collection contains more than 8000 works including paintings, sculptures, photography and ceramics. [18] Among the first donors was one of its founders, Sir Charles Nicholson, who gave some 30 European paintings, tapestries and sculptures in 1865. [18] The strength of the collection lies in Australian painting – including Indigenous art – as well as significant holdings in European and Asian art. [17]

Current exhibitions

Past exhibitions

2024

2023

2022

2021

Awards

In 2021, the museum won the Museums and Galleries National Award (MAGNA) and two Museums Australasia Multimedia and Publication Design Awards (MAPDA). [68] The museum won the 2023 UMAC Award for its object-based learning program. [69] It is the first time the UMAC Award has been won by an Australian university.

Teaching

Internally the museum's object-based learning program aims to provide access to the collections to university students. [70] This has including increasing cross-disciplinary collaborations with parts of the university that did not traditionally engage with the collections, such as the University of Sydney Business School. [5] [71]

Research

Egyptian-Australian community initiative

In 2022 the curators of the Nicholson Collection and our research partners from the Egypt's Dispersed Heritage Project, Heba Abd Al-Gawad and Alice Stevenson, invited members of the Egyptian-Australian community to a weekend long focus group to discuss the ways in which Egyptian heritage is interpreted and ways forward for participation. [72]

Egyptian stelae

This interdisciplinary project examines 20 ancient Egyptian stelae, made from limestone, pottery and wood that were produced and decorated between the New Kingdom (c.1500–1069 BCE) and the Ptolemaic Period (c.332–30 BCE). [73]

Excavating MacGregor

The first Administrator of British New Guinea, William MacGregor, made a significant collection of objects between 1888 and 1898, specifically for its future citizens. The aim of the project is to re-assemble and re-connect this material by 'excavating' its private and official components, focusing on the makers and traders to disentangle the social relationships embedded in the objects. [74]

Human remains research project

This research project seeks to understand better different public attitudes and responses to the display of human remains with a particular focus on museum visitors and Egyptian communities in Australia’s diaspora, in Egypt, and elsewhere. [75] [76]

The Jericho Research Project

An ongoing research project to investigate the museum's holdings from Jericho in the West Bank. [77] The collection was obtained as the Nicholson Museum was one of the financial sponsors for Kathleen Kenyon's archaeological research in the region. [77]

Paphos Theatre Archeological Project

Ongoing excavations at the ancient theatre and surrounding environs of Nea Paphos that was the capital of Cyprus under the Ptolemaic and then Roman administrations. [78] The Paphos excavations are supported by the Australian Archaeological Institute at Athens. [79]

Reconstructing museum specimen data

This project which examines trade processes to reconstruct and understand the mechanisms of natural history trade. [80]

Revision of the dottyback fish subfamily Pseudoplesiopinae

The Pseudoplesiopinae is a subfamily of small coral-reef fishes found throughout the Indo-Pacific. The study aims to determine species within the subfamily and investigate their phylogenetic relationships. [81] [82] [83]

Woodhouse Archive Flickr Project

In July 2017, the museum launched a crowdsourcing project to help identify and catalogue the Woodhouse Photographic Archive of glass-plate negatives taken in Greece during the 1890s and early 1900s. [84] [85]

Publications

The museum has published a biannual magazine, Muse, since 2012. [86] The magazine has won design awards from Museums Australia. [87]

Other publications include:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Sydney</span> Public research university in Australia

The University of Sydney (USYD) is a public research university in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1850, it is the oldest university in both Australia and Oceania. One of Australia's six sandstone universities, it was one of the world's first universities to admit students solely on academic merit, and opened its doors to women on the same basis as men. The university comprises eight academic faculties and university schools, through which it offers bachelor, master and doctoral degrees.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metropolitan Museum of Art</span> Art museum in New York City

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an encyclopedic art museum in New York City. By floor area, it is the fourth-largest museum in the world and the largest art museum in the Americas. With 5.36 million visitors in 2023, it is the most-visited museum in the United States and the fourth-most visited art museum in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicholson Museum</span> Archaeological museum in New South Wales, Australia

The Nicholson Museum was an archaeological museum at the University of Sydney home to the Nicholson Collection, the largest collection of antiquities in both Australia and the Southern Hemisphere. Founded in 1860, the collection spans the ancient world with primary collection areas including ancient Egypt, Greece, Italy, Cyprus, and the Near East. The museum closed permanently in February 2020, and the Nicholson Collection is now housed in the Chau Chak Wing Museum at the University of Sydney, open from November 2020. The museum was located in the main quadrangle of the University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Australian Museum</span> Museum in Sydney, Australia

The Australian Museum is a heritage-listed museum at 1 William Street, Sydney central business district, New South Wales, Australia. It is the oldest museum in Australia, and the fifth oldest natural history museum in the world, with an international reputation in the fields of natural history and anthropology. It was first conceived and developed along the contemporary European model of an encyclopedic warehouse of cultural and natural history and features collections of vertebrate and invertebrate zoology, as well as mineralogy, palaeontology and anthropology. Apart from exhibitions, the museum is also involved in Indigenous studies research and community programs. In the museum's early years, collecting was its main priority, and specimens were commonly traded with British and other European institutions. The scientific stature of the museum was established under the curatorship of Gerard Krefft, himself a published scientist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cleveland Museum of Art</span> Art museum in Cleveland, Ohio

The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Located in the Wade Park District of University Circle, the museum is internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian art and houses a diverse permanent collection of more than 61,000 works of art from around the world. The museum provides free general admission to the public. With a $920 million endowment (2023), it is the fourth-wealthiest art museum in the United States. With about 770,000 visitors annually (2018), it is one of the most visited art museums in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carnegie Museum of Art</span> Art museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

The Carnegie Museum of Art is an art museum in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The museum was originally known as the Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute and was formerly located at what is now the Main Branch of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. The museum's first gallery was opened for public use on November 5, 1895. Over the years, the gallery vastly increased in size, with a new building on Forbes Avenue built in 1907. In 1963, the name was officially changed to Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute. The size of the gallery has tripled over time, and it was officially renamed in 1986 to "Carnegie Museum of Art" to indicate it clearly as one of the four Carnegie Museums.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Cornwall Museum</span> Museum in Cornwall, England

The Royal Cornwall Museum in Truro holds an extensive mineral collection rooted in Cornwall's mining and engineering heritage. The county's artistic heritage is reflected in the museum's art collection. Through the Courtney Library the museum also provides a collection of rare books and manuscripts to help with education, research and the discovery of Cornish life and culture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macleay Museum</span> Natural history museum in New South Wales, Australia

The Macleay Museum at The University of Sydney, was a natural history museum located on the University's Camperdown campus, in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The museum was dissolved in 2016 and upon opening of the Chau Chak Wing Museum in 2020, its collections were amalgamated into it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Nicholson, 1st Baronet</span> Australian politician

Sir Charles Nicholson, 1st Baronet was an English-Australian politician, university founder, explorer, pastoralist, antiquarian and philanthropist. The Nicholson Museum at the University of Sydney was named after him.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael C. Carlos Museum</span> Art museum in Atlanta, United States

The Michael C. Carlos Museum is an art museum located in Atlanta on the historic quadrangle of Emory University's main campus. The Carlos Museum has the largest ancient art collections in the Southeast, including objects from ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, the Near East, Africa and the ancient Americas. The collections are housed in a Michael Graves designed building which is open to the public.

Reena Saini Kallat is an Indian visual artist. She currently lives and works in Mumbai.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hany Armanious</span> Australian artist

Hany Armanious is an Egyptian born, Australian artist who lives and works in Sydney. Armanious produces installations and sculptural forms, as well as paintings and drawings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Museum of Classical Archaeology, Adelaide</span> Classical archaeology museum in South Australia

The Museum of Classical Archaeology is the teaching collection of the Department of Classics, Archaeology and Ancient History at the University of Adelaide in South Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dr Chau Chak Wing Building</span> Public in New South Wales, Australia

Dr Chau Chak Wing Building is a business school building of the University of Technology Sydney, Australia. It is the first building in Australia designed by Canadian American architect Frank Gehry.

Chau Chak-wing, is a Chinese-Australian property developer known for his Kingold Group business based in Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (PRC). Journalists and think tanks have reported on Chau's links to Chinese Communist Party (CCP) entities and interests throughout his career.

Candace Hill-Montgomery is an African-American multi-disciplinary artist and writer. Lower Manhattan was the subject matter of much of her early work. She works in photography, mixed-media collage, and watercolors.

Robyn Stacey is an Australian photographer and new media artist known for her large striking still lifes.

Daniel Boyd is an Australian contemporary artist working in painting, sculpture and installation. He won the Art Gallery of New South Wales' Bulgari Art Award in 2014 and was a finalist for the 2022 Archibald Prize.

References

  1. ↑ Xiao, Alison (24 May 2018). "University stands by donor amidst UN bribing scandal". Honi Soit . Archived from the original on 6 March 2019.
  2. ↑ "University appoints new Director, Museums and Cultural Engagement". The University of Sydney. January 25, 2023.
  3. ↑ "A Museum in Australia Offers Special Glasses to Colour-blind Visitors". News18. AFP. 2022-08-23. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  4. ↑ "$15 million donation to create new University of Sydney landmark museum". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Simpson, Andrew (2023). The museums and collections of higher education. London; New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN   978-1-003-18653-3.
  6. ↑ Ellis, David (2020). Director's choice. Chau Chak Wing Museum. London: Scala Arts & Heritage Publishers Ltd. ISBN   9781785511134.
  7. 1 2 "Benefactors". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  8. ↑ NSW, Museums & Galleries; Gee, Jason (2020-11-02). "Chau Chak Wing Museum opens - MGNSW" . Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  9. ↑ "Past Annual Conferences – International Council of Museums Committee for University Museums and Collections" . Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  10. ↑ "Why this Sydney museum decided to remove mummified body parts from its display". ABC News. 2024-06-23. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  11. 1 2 "University appoints new Director, Museums and Cultural Engagement". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  12. ↑ Morris, Linda (2023-10-06). "The one-time struggling artist who is Sydney's newest cultural leader". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
  13. ↑ "About us". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  14. 1 2 "Starting over embedding First Nations principles in a new museum". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 "Macleay Collections". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  16. 1 2 3 4 "Nicholson Collection". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  17. 1 2 Malouf, David; Philp, Jude; Stephen, Ann; Turner, Michael; Myers, Michael; University of Sydney, eds. (2010). Into the light: 150 years of cultural treasures at the University of Sydney. Carlton, Vic: Miegunyah Press. ISBN   978-0-522-85812-9.
  18. 1 2 "University Art Collection". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  19. ↑ "Ambassadors". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  20. ↑ "Ancient Cultures of the Middle East". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  21. ↑ "Consuelo Cavaniglia, seeing through you". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  22. ↑ "Crossroads". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  23. ↑ "Hercules: Myth and Legacy". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  24. ↑ Richards, Candace (2023-02-01). "Hercules: Myth and Legacy".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  25. ↑ "Impressions of Greece". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  26. ↑ "Instrumental 4". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-08-09.
  27. ↑ "Kerameikos". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
  28. ↑ "Mediterranean Identities". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  29. ↑ Richards, Candace (2023-02-21). "Mediterranean Identities: Across the wine-dark sea".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  30. ↑ "Micro:Macro - models of insight and inspiration". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  31. 1 2 "The Egyptian Galleries". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  32. ↑ "Natural Selections: animal worlds". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  33. ↑ Richards, Candace (2021). "Pharaonic Obsessions: Ancient Egypt, an Australian Story".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  34. ↑ "Roman Spectres". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  35. ↑ Richards, Candace (2022). "Roman Spectres".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  36. ↑ "Student Life: Max Dupain at the University of Sydney". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-08-09.
  37. ↑ "The trace is not a presence". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
  38. ↑ "Union Made: Art from the University of Sydney Union". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
  39. ↑ "Barbara McGrady: Australia Has a Black History". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  40. ↑ "Chinese Toggles: Culture in Miniature". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  41. ↑ Chen, Shuxia; Kim, Min-Jung, eds. (2024). Chinese toggles: culture in miniature. Sydney: Power Publications. ISBN   978-0-909952-24-2.
  42. ↑ "Hayley Millar Baker Nyctinasty". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  43. ↑ "Instrumental 3". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  44. ↑ "Ömie barkcloth: Pathways of nioge". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  45. ↑ "Photography and the performative". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  46. ↑ "The Staged Photograph". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  47. ↑ "Locations". Biennale of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  48. ↑ "Tidal Kin". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  49. ↑ "Historical exhibit showing flourishing relationship between Pacific region and Australia". ABC Pacific. 2023-10-04. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  50. ↑ "Australian Seashores". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  51. ↑ "Coastline". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  52. ↑ "D Harding with Kate Harding: Through a lens of visitation". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  53. ↑ "Penelope and the Seahorse". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  54. ↑ "Instrumental 2". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  55. ↑ "Object/Art/Specimen". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  56. ↑ "Sentient Paper". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  57. ↑ "The Sherman Gift". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  58. ↑ "Animal gods". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  59. ↑ Richards, Candace; Philp, Jude (2022). "Animal Gods: Classics and Classificiation".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  60. ↑ "Sarah Goffman: Applied Arts". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  61. ↑ "Instrumental". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  62. ↑ "Kamay (Botany Bay) spears: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  63. ↑ "Light & Darkness". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  64. ↑ "Pacific views". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  65. ↑ "The Business of Photography". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  66. ↑ "Daniel Boyd: Pediment/Impediment". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  67. ↑ "Gululu dhuwala Djalkiri". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  68. ↑ "Chau Chak Wing Museum wins three national museum awards". University of Sydney. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  69. ↑ "UMAC Award – International Council of Museums Committee for University Museums and Collections". 2023-09-25. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  70. ↑ "Object Based Learning Program". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
  71. ↑ Wardak, Dewa; Razeed, Abdul; Thogersen, Jane; Guerry, Eve (2021). "Collaborating on a creative solution to teach creativity to Business students". Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education (Special Issue 22: Compendium of Innovative Practice): 1–6.
  72. ↑ "Initiating an Egyptian-Australian dialogue at the Chau Chak Wing Museum | Egyptian Streets". 2022-11-11. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  73. ↑ "Egyptian stelae". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  74. ↑ "Excavating MacGregor". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  75. ↑ "Human Remains Research Project". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  76. ↑ Baker, Jordan (2024-01-27). "Mummified body parts to be removed from Sydney museum amid intense global debate". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  77. 1 2 "Jericho project". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  78. ↑ "Paphos theatre". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  79. ↑ "Paphos Theatre Archaeological Project". Paphos Theatre Archaeological Project. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  80. ↑ "Reconstructing museum specimen data". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  81. ↑ "Pseudoplesiopinae". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  82. ↑ Gill, Anthony G.; Edwards, A. J. (1999-10-20). "Monophyly, interrelationships and description of three new genera in the dottyback fish subfamily Pseudoplesiopinae (Teleostei: Perciformes: Pseudochromidae)". Records of the Australian Museum. 51 (2): 141–160. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.51.1999.1302. ISSN   0067-1975.
  83. ↑ Gill, A. C.; Edwards, A. J. (2004). "Revision of the Indian Ocean dottyback fish genera Chlidichthys and Pectinochromis (Perciformes: Pseudochromidae: Pseudoplesiopinae)". Smithiana Bulletin.
  84. ↑ Richards, Candace (2023-11-23). "Unexpected legacies: The collections of classicist William J. Woodhouse (1866–1937), then and now". Journal of the History of Collections. doi: 10.1093/jhc/fhad045 . ISSN   0954-6650.
  85. ↑ "Woodhouse archive". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  86. ↑ "MUSE magazine and other publications". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  87. ↑ Turner, Michael (2013). "MUSE wins prestigious design award". MUSE (5): 1.

33°53′07″S151°11′26″E / 33.8853°S 151.1905°E / -33.8853; 151.1905

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.