Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function. Infrastructure is composed of public and private physical structures such as roads, railways, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, and telecommunications. In general, infrastructure has been defined as "the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions" and maintain the surrounding environment.
Bandung is the capital city of the West Java province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, Greater Bandung is the country's second-largest and most populous metropolitan area, with over 11 million inhabitants. Situated 768 meters above sea level, approximately 140 kilometres southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies in a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains that provide a natural defence system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the capital from Batavia to Bandung. Greater Bandung is also the ninth-largest economy in ASEAN, after Greater Hanoi.
Tangkuban Perahu is a stratovolcano 30 km north of the city of Bandung, the provincial capital of West Java, Indonesia. It erupted in 1826, 1829, 1842, 1846, 1896, 1910, 1926, 1929, 1952, 1957, 1961, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1983, 2013 and 2019. It is a popular tourist attraction where tourists hike or ride to the edge of the crater to view the hot water springs and boiling mud up close, and buy eggs cooked on the hot surface. Together with Mount Burangrang and Bukit Tunggul, it is a remnant of the ancient Mount Sunda after the plinian eruption caused the Caldera to collapse.
The Bandung Institute of Technology is a national research university located in Bandung, Indonesia. Since its establishment in 1920, ITB has been consistently recognized as Indonesia's premier STEM-based academic institution and reserves its place among the country's top elite universities. It has produced many notable leaders in science, engineering, politics, business, academia, and culture.
The Buriganga is a river in Bangladesh which flows past the southwest outskirts of the capital city, Dhaka. Its average depth is 7.6 metres (25 ft) and its maximum depth is 18 metres (58 ft). It ranks among the most polluted rivers in the country.
Cimahi is a landlocked city located immediately west of the larger city of Bandung, in West Java Province, Indonesia and within the Bandung Metropolitan Area. It covers an area of 42.48 km2 and had a population at the 2010 Census of 541,177 and at the 2020 Census of 568,400; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 575,235. The city is a major textile producer, and is home to several military training centres.
Wayang-Windu is a twin volcano that consists of Mount Wayang and Mount Windu. They are located just to the east of the town of Pangalengan in the Bandung Regency in West Java, Indonesia, about 40 km (25 mi) south of the city of Bandung. The area has been an active geothermal project. Mount Wayang has a 750 m (2,500 ft) wide crescentic crater which holds four groups of fumaroles. Mount Windu has a 350 m (1,100 ft) wide crater.
Tarumanagara or Taruma Kingdom or just Taruma was an early Sundanese Indianised kingdom, located in western Java, whose 5th-century ruler, Purnawarman, produced the earliest known inscriptions in Java, which are estimated to date from around 450 CE.
Water supply and sanitation in Indonesia is characterized by poor levels of access and service quality. More than 16 million people lack access to an at least basic water source and almost 33 million of the country's 275 million population has no access to at least basic sanitation. Only about 2% of people have access to sewerage in urban areas; this is one of the lowest in the world among middle-income countries. Water pollution is widespread on Bali and Java. Women in Jakarta report spending US$11 per month on boiling water, implying a significant burden for the poor.
The Citarum River is the longest and largest river in West Java, Indonesia. It is the third longest river in Java, after Bengawan Solo and Brantas. It plays an important role in the life of the people of West Java. It has been noted for being considered one of the most polluted rivers in the world.
West Bandung Regency is a landlocked regency of West Java. It was established on 2 January 2007, having been formerly part of Bandung Regency. The capital of this new regency is Ngamprah, an industrial district on the west side of Bandung. It is all part of the Bandung Metropolitan Area.
Beet River is a river in northern West Java, Indonesia. It is a tributary of the Citarum River.
Buni River is a river in southern West Java, Indonesia. The 109-km-long river flows in the Bandung and Cianjur regencies, with the upstream at the west slope of Mount Patuha and discharge into the Indian Ocean.
The Saguling Dam is an embankment dam on the headwater of Citarum River in West Java, Indonesia. It is located 26 km (16 mi) west of Bandung. Construction began in 1983. The reservoir had filled by 1985 and the first generator was operational in 1986. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation but it also provides for water supply and aquaculture. The 99 m (325 ft) tall dam is rock-fill embankment-type with watertight core that withholds a reservoir with a capacity of 2,750,000,000 m3 (2,229,461 acre⋅ft). Its power station has 4 x 175 MW Francis turbine generators with an installed capacity of 700 MW. Including land acquisition, the cost of the dam with power plant was about $US 663 million. The installed capacity of the power plant might be expanded to 1,400 MW in the future. The construction of the dam resulted in displacement of nearly 60,000 people.
Bandros or Bandung Tour Bus is a tour bus which operates in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. It is used by tourists in Bandung City. The bus was unveiled by the Mayor of Bandung, Ridwan Kamil, on New Year's Eve 2014, and on February 18, 2018 it was announced that a tour bus will serve the city's. A local tour leader will accompany tourists on the bus. Bandros is managed by two parties: the Department of Transportation in Bandung and Mang Dudung which forms part of Corporate Social Responsibility. Buses have a capacity of 22 people. There are six buses operated by the Corporate Social Responsibility division, and 12 buses operated by the Regional Revenue and Expenditures Budget which is managed by the BLUD UPT Angkutan Department of Transportation in Bandung.
Lake Bandung was a prehistoric lake located in and around the city of Bandung, Parahyangan highlands, West Java, Indonesia. believed to exist between 126,000 and 20,000 BCE in the Pleitocene due to the violent eruption of Mount Sunda that blocked the Citarum River, causing the lowlands to begin to be inundated with water, eventually forming a lake.
The fashion industry, particularly manufacture and use of apparel and footwear, is a significant driver of greenhouse gas emissions and plastic pollution. The rapid growth of fast fashion has led to around 80 billion items of clothing being consumed annually, with about 85% of clothes consumed in United States being sent to landfill.
Jemaja Island is the most westerly of the main islands in the Anambas Islands Regency, part of the province of Riau Islands within Indonesia. The island is administered as three districts of the Regency.
North Sumedang is a district in Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia which serves as the regency seat of Sumedang Regency. It is located halfway along the provincial route connecting Bandung and Cirebon. The Cisumdawu Toll Road is planned to connect to the district in 2021, to ease travels and economic activities between Bandung, Sumedang and Kertajati International Airport.
Fifie Rahardja is an Indonesian environmental activist and businessperson. She is notable for her founding of an activist organization and for her efforts to clean the Citarum River in West Java.
