Mandiri River Ci Mandiri, Sungai Cimandiri, Tji Mandiri, Tjimandiri, Tjimandir | |
---|---|
Location | |
Country | Indonesia |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | |
• location | West Java |
Mouth | |
• location | Indian Ocean |
Length | 100 km (62 mi) [1] |
Basin size | 2,014.31 km2 (777.73 sq mi) [2] |
Mandiri River (Indonesian: Ci Mandiri or Cimandiri) is a river in southwestern Java of West Java province, Indonesia. [3] [4] It flows mainly in the Sukabumi Regency. [5] [6]
The river flows from east to west with a length of around 100 km. [1] The upstream of Cimandiri is located on the Mount Pasir Caringin, Sukamanah village, district of Gegerbitung and discharges into Indian Ocean near Pelabuhan Ratu. The tributaries of Cimandiri also flow from Mount Gede, Mount Pangrango, Mount Salak and Mount Halimun. The watershed (Indonesian: Daerah Aliran Sungai/DAS) of Cimandiri has a area of 201,431 hectare, stretching from around Padalarang and the conservation area of Mount Halimun at the upstream to the southwest direction until the river mouth at Pelabuhan Ratu Bay. [2] DAS Cimandiri comprises also the tributaries of Cimandiri: Cicatih, Cipelang, Citarik, Cibodas, and Cidadap, which flow into Pelabuhan Ratu Bay, Sukabumi Regency. [2] DAS Cimandiri is classified as a local watershed, meaning the whole area is contained within one regency and utilized by that one regency; in this case: Sukabumi Regency. [2] [5] [6]
Some tributaries of Cimandiri with a length of more than 10 km, from the upstream, are:
The river flows in the southwest area of Java with a predominantly tropical monsoon climate (designated as Am in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). [7] The annual average temperature in the area is 23 °C. The warmest month is October when the average temperature is around 26 °C, and the coldest is January, at 18 °C. [8] The average annual rainfall is 3834 mm. The wettest month is December, with an average of 578 mm of rainfall, and the driest is September, with 35 mm of rainfall. [9]
Sukabumi Regency is a regency (kabupaten) in southwestern Java, as part of West Java province of Indonesia. The regency seat is located in Palabuhan Ratu, a coastal district facing the Indian Ocean. The regency fully encircles the administratively separated city of Sukabumi. Covering an area of 4,145.70 km2, the regency is the largest regency in West Java and the second largest regency on Java after the Banyuwangi Regency in East Java. The regency had a population of 2,341,409 at the 2010 census and 2,725,450 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 2,806,664, with a large part of it living in the northeastern part of the regency that encircles Sukabumi City, south of Mount Gede. A plan to create a new regency, the North Sukabumi Regency is currently waiting for the approval of the central government.
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