Clarkia purpurea

Last updated

Clarkia purpurea
Clarkia purpurea M. hart.png
Clarkia purpurea (artist: M. Hart)
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Onagraceae
Genus: Clarkia
Species:
C. purpurea
Binomial name
Clarkia purpurea
Clarkia purpurea subsp. quadrivulnera, western Mount Tamalpais, California Clarkia purpurea subsp. quadrivulnera.jpg
Clarkia purpurea subsp. quadrivulnera, western Mount Tamalpais, California
Clarkia purpurea subsp. quadrivulnera, Blue Sky Ecological Reserve, Poway, San Diego County, California Clarkiapurpurea3.jpg
Clarkia purpurea subsp. quadrivulnera, Blue Sky Ecological Reserve, Poway, San Diego County, California

Clarkia purpurea is a species of wildflower known by the common names winecup clarkia, winecup fairy fan, and purple clarkia.

Contents

This annual plant is native to western North America, including: Baja California; California; Arizona; Oregon; Washington; and British Columbia, and is found in diverse habitats. In the California Floristic Province it is found in all the zones, except the deserts, from the coasts to high interior mountains, including the Sierra Nevada. [4] [5]

Description

Clarkia purpurea has a thin reddish stem that may approach 1 meter (3 ft.) in height and has a few lance-shaped leaves. The bowl-shaped flowers have four petals, usually one to two centimeters long. They are in shades of pink, purple, or deep wine red; often with a streak or spot of pink or red in the middle.The fruit type is a capsule. The conspicuous flowers bloom from April to August. [6]

Subspecies

Subspecies include:

Uses

The Indigenous peoples of California sowed the plant, to later harvest the seeds to grind for food. [6]

The conspicuous flowers support native bees, making it a "honey plant". [6]

Taxonomy

Clarkia purpurea was first described in 1796 as Oenothera purpurea in Curtis's Botanical Magazine. [10] In 1918, it was redescribed by Aven Nelson and James Francis Macbride, who put it in the genus Clarkia , as Clarkia purpurea. [10]

Related Research Articles

<i>Viola pedunculata</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Violaceae

Viola pedunculata, the California golden violet, Johnny jump up, or yellow pansy, is a perennial yellow wildflower of the coast and coastal ranges in California and northwestern Baja California. The common name "Johnny jump up" is usually associated with Viola tricolor however, the introduced garden annual.

<i>Clarkia amoena</i> Species of flowering plant

Clarkia amoena, commonly known as farewell to spring, godetia, or satin flower, is a species of flowering plant native to western North America. It is found in coastal hills and mountains from British Columbia south to the San Francisco Bay Area of California.

<i>Armeria maritima</i> Flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae

Armeria maritima, the thrift, sea thrift or sea pink, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae. It is a compact evergreen perennial which grows in low clumps and sends up long stems that support globes of bright pink flowers. In some cases purple, white or red flowers also occur. It is a popular garden flower and has been distributed worldwide as a garden and cut flower. It does well in gardens designed as xeriscapes or rock gardens. The Latin specific epithet maritima means pertaining to the sea or coastal.

<i>Phacelia fremontii</i> Species of plant

Phacelia fremontii is a flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae native to the southwestern United States. In California, its range includes the Mojave Desert, the San Joaquin Valley, the Coast Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada. It was named for John C. Frémont.

<i>Monardella</i> Genus of flowering plants in the sage family Lamiaceae

Monardella is a genus of approximately 40 species of annual and perennial plants native to western North America from British Columbia to northwestern Mexico. They are grown for their highly aromatic foliage, which in some species is used for herbal teas. The two-lipped, tubular flowers are formed in terminal clusters and are most usually red, pink, or purple.

<i>Primula clevelandii</i> Species of flowering plant

Primula clevelandii, with the common name of Padre's shooting star, is a species of primrose.

<i>Castilleja rubicundula</i> Species of flowering plant

Castilleja rubicundula is a species of Indian paintbrush known by the common name cream sacs. It is native to northern California and southwestern Oregon. It is found in coastal and inland grasslands.

<i>Hooveria purpurea</i> Species of flowering plant

Hooveria purpurea is a species of flowering plant related to the agaves known by the common name purple amole. This species of soap plant is endemic to California, where it grows in the Santa Lucia Range, in the Central Coast region. There are two varieties of this plant, and both are believed to be quite rare. It is a federally listed threatened species.

<i>Clarkia unguiculata</i> Species of flowering plant

Clarkia unguiculata is a species of wildflower known by the common name elegant clarkia or mountain garland. The plant was named after Captain William Clark who was part of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

<i>Sambucus racemosa</i> Species of plant

Sambucus racemosa is a species of elderberry known by the common names red elderberry and red-berried elder.

<i>Agastache urticifolia</i> Plant species in the mint family

Agastache urticifolia is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name nettleleaf giant hyssop or horse mint.

<i>Clarkia biloba</i> Species of flowering plant

Clarkia biloba is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name twolobe clarkia and two lobed clarkia.

Clarkia rostrata is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name beaked clarkia.

<i>Clarkia tembloriensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Clarkia tembloriensis is a rare species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family, known by the common name Temblor Range clarkia and belonging to the Onagraceae family.

<i>Clarkia pulchella</i> Species of flowering plant

Clarkia pulchella, also known as pinkfairies, ragged robin, and deerhorn clarkia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Onagraceae.

<i>Monardella purpurea</i> Species of flowering plant

Monardella purpurea is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common names Siskiyou monardella and serpentine monardella.

<i>Sidalcea malviflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Sidalcea malviflora is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, known by the common names dwarf checkerbloom, Greek mallow, prairie mallow and dwarf checkermallow.

<i>Trifolium gymnocarpon</i> Plant species in the pea family

Trifolium gymnocarpon is a species of clover known by the common name hollyleaf clover.

Monardella stoneana is a rare species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name Jennifer's monardella.

<i>Dudleya cymosa <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> paniculata</i> Species of succulent plant

Dudleya cymosa subsp. paniculata, known by the common name Diablo Range dudleya, is a species of perennial succulent plant in the family Crassulaceae native to the Inner South Coast Range of California. It is characterized by pale yellowish flowers, oblong to oblanceolate leaves and a growth habit not limited to a single substrate. It is closely related to Dudleya abramsii subsp. setchellii.

References

  1. "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  2. IPNI: Clarkia purpurea. International Plant Name Index. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  3. Nelson, A. & Macbride, J.F. (1918) Botanical Gazette 65: 64.
  4. Calflora database: Clarkia purpurea . 2.2.2013
  5. Jepson: distribution map .accessed 2.2.2013
  6. 1 2 3 Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Native Plant Information Network (NPIN): Clarkia purpurea (Winecup clarkia) . accessed 2.2.2013
  7. Calflora database: Clarkia purpurea ssp. purpurea
  8. Calflora database: Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera
  9. Calflora database: Clarkia purpurea ssp. viminea
  10. 1 2 Curtis, W. (1796) Curtis's Botanical Magazine 10: t. 352.