Clavicipitaceae

Last updated

Clavicipitaceae
Claviceps purpurea - Kohler-s Medizinal-Pflanzen-185.jpg
Claviceps purpurea
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Hypocreales
Family: Clavicipitaceae
(Lindau) Earle (1901)
Type genus
Claviceps
Tul. (1853)
Genera

See text

The Clavicipitaceae are a family of fungi within the order Hypocreales. A 2008 estimate placed 43 genera in the family, [1] but a study in 2020 has increased this number to 50. [2]

Contents

Phylogeny

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of multigene DNA sequence data indicates the taxon Clavicipitaceae (as circumscribed by 2007) is paraphyletic, and consists of three well-defined clades, at least one of which is shared with members of another fungal family (Hypocreaceae). The most recent common ancestor of the three clades also include Hypocreaceae as a descendant. [3]

Outline of phylogeny from Sung et al. (2007a)
Hypocreales

Bionectriaceae

Nectriaceae

Hypocreaceae

Clavicipitaceae clade C

Clavicipitaceae clade A

Clavicipitaceae clade B

The issue seems to have been resolved in Sung et al. (2007b). Clavicipitaceae becomes restricted to "clade A". Cordycipitaceae is resurrected to hold "clade C". Ophiocordycipitaceae is created to hold "clade B". [4]

Evolution

The evolution within the Clavicipitaceae (as circumscribed by 2007) is marked by interkingdom host jumping, and the range of this large and heterogeneous fungal group spans mutualistic plant symbionts, as well as parasites of plants, insects, and other fungi. [5] This situation has since been corrected

Significance

Many of its members produce alkaloids toxic to animals and humans. One of its most infamous species is Claviceps purpurea , which has historical significance as the cause of St. Anthony's fire, also known as ergotism. Ergotism is caused by ergot alkaloids, such as ergotamine and ergocristine, which are chemical derivatives of lysergic acid. Metarhizium species are widely used in the biological control of insect pests. [6]

Genera

Several genera, especially those previously described as "anamorphic" (having no known sexual cycle) are now re-classified into other families, in light of current molecular and other evidence. As of November 2024, the following genera are placed in the family Clavicipitaceae: [7] [ failed verification ]

Nomenclatural note

As of April 2025, MycoBank holds the unusual opinion that Clavicipitaceae should be synonymized to Clavicipiteae Lindau (1987), a subfamily under Hypocreaceae. This does not match the phylogenetic tree and reassignment of Sung. [8]

References

  1. ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 150. ISBN   978-0-85199-826-8.
  2. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . hdl: 10481/61998 .
  3. ↑ Sung GH, Sung JM, Hywel-Jones NL, Spatafora JW (September 2007). "A multi-gene phylogeny of Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycota, Fungi): identification of localized incongruence using a combinational bootstrap approach". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 44 (3): 1204–23. Bibcode:2007MolPE..44.1204S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.011. PMID   17555990.
  4. ↑ Sung, GH; Hywel-Jones, NL; Sung, JM; Luangsa-Ard, JJ; Shrestha, B; Spatafora, JW (2007). "Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi". Studies in Mycology. 57: 5–59. doi:10.3114/sim.2007.57.01. PMC   2104736 . PMID   18490993.
  5. ↑ Spatafora JW, Sung GH, Sung JM, Hywel-Jones NL, White JF Jr (2007). "Phylogenetic evidence for an animal pathogen origin of ergot and the grass endophytes". Mol. Ecol. 16 (8): 1701–1711. Bibcode:2007MolEc..16.1701S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03225.x. PMID   17402984.
  6. ↑ Capinera JL. (2008). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 2354–7. ISBN   978-1-4020-6242-1.
  7. ↑ "Index Fungorum - Search Page". www.indexfungorum.org. Retrieved 2024-11-21.
  8. ↑ "Clavicipitaceae (Lindau) Earle, Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 6: 170 (1901) [MB#82061]". www.mycobank.org. Current name: Clavicipiteae Lindau, Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten 1 (1): 346 (1897) [MB#505933]

Other sources

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.