Compositrema

Last updated • 2 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Compositrema
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Graphidales
Family: Graphidaceae
Genus: Compositrema
Rivas Plata, Lücking & Lumbsch (2012)
Type species
Compositrema cerebriforme
J.E.Hern. & Lücking (2012)
Species

C. borinquense
C. cerebriforme
C. isidiofarinosum
C. thailandicum

Contents

Compositrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. [1] It has four species. [2] The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by lichenologists Eimy Rivas Plata, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, with C. cerebriforme assigned as the type species. The genus is distinguished by its unique, composite pseudostromatic ascomata (i.e., fruiting bodies with a stroma made of both thallus tissue and bits of host tissue), which sets it apart from the otherwise similar genus Stegobolus .

Taxonomy

The genus Compositrema was circumscribed in 2012 by lichenologists Eimy Rivas Plata, Robert Lücking, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch. The type species, Compositrema cerebriforme , was jointly described by Jesús Ernesto Hernández Maldonado and Lücking. The name of the genus makes reference to its "composite" pseudostromatic ascomata, a feature that starkly distinguishes it from the genus Stegobolus . The ending -trema is derived from the Latinised Greek neuter noun meaning "perforation; aperture; opening; orifice". [3] Phylogenetically, Compositrema is closely akin to Stegobolus but is genetically quite distant, forming a strongly supported clade that is a distant relative of the Myriotrema album group. [4] Compositrema is in the tribe Ocellularieae of the subfamily Graphidoideae in the Graphidaceae. [5] Two species were initially included in this genus, [4] and two others added in 2014. [6]

Description

Compositrema lichens have a pale green-grey to olive-green thallus that is smooth to uneven, with a dense cortex that has a prosoplectenchymatous tissue structure. Sometimes, isidia are present on these lichens. The photobiont layer contains scattered clusters of calcium oxalate crystals among its cells. The apothecia , or the reproductive parts of the lichen, are grouped into distinct pseudostromata, which are rounded to angular and can be either erumpent or sessile. The disc -like part of these pseudostromata is pale brown and dusted with a thin white pruina . On a more microscopic level, Compositrema lichens have unbranched paraphyses , and each ascus contains eight ascospores that are ellipsoid in shape with thick septa and lens-shaped lumina . These ascospores range from colourless to pale brown and react with iodine to give a violet-blue colour. Psoromic acid is a secondary metabolite (lichen product) that occurs in Compositrema. [4]

Species

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Graphidaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark.

<i>Fissurina</i> Genus of fungi

Fissurina is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has about 160 species, most of which are found in tropical regions.

<i>Acanthotrema</i> Genus of lichen

Acanthotrema is a genus of lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Andreas Frisch in 2006, with Acanthotrema brasilianum assigned as the type species. Acanthotrema species are commonly found in rainforests ranging from lowland to montane environments.

<i>Astrochapsa</i> Genus of lichens

Astrochapsa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Graphidoideae of the family Graphidaceae. It has 28 species. The genus was circumscribed by Sittiporn Parnmen, Robert Lücking, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch in 2012, with Astrochapsa astroidea assigned as the type species. It was segregated from the genus Chapsa, from which it differs in having a more frequently densely corticate thallus, an apothecial margin that is mostly recurved, and the almost exclusively subdistoseptate, non-amyloid ascospores.

Wirthiotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2010 by Eimy Rivas Plata, Klaus Kalb, Andreas Frisch, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch, with Wirthiotrema glaucopallens assigned as the type species. Wirthiotrema contains species that were formerly considered part of the Thelotrema glaucopallens species group. The genus name honours lichenologist Volkmar Wirth, "for his numerous outstanding contributions to lichenology".

Halegrapha is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has nine species. The genus was circumscribed in 2011 by Eimy Rivas Plata and Robert Lücking, with Halegrapha chimaera assigned as the type species. The generic name honors American lichenologist Mason Hale.

Rhabdodiscus is a genus of script lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has 36 species.

Pseudochapsa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has 19 species. It was circumscribed in 2012 by Sittiporn Parnmen, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, with Pseudochapsa dilatata as the type species. Pseudochapsa differs from Chapsa it that its excipulum is typically brown. Additionally, its ascospores are mostly discoseptate and amyloid. The generic name combines the Greek pseudo ("false") with the genus name Chapsa.

Cruentotrema is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Graphidales</span> Order of lichen-forming fungi

Graphidales is an order of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 6 families, about 81 genera and about 2,228 species. Family Graphidaceae are the largest crustose family within Graphidales order comprising more than 2000 species, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

Clandestinotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has 17 species. They typically inhabit montane and cloud forest at higher elevations in the tropics.

Topeliopsis acutispora is a species of crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in New South Wales and southern Queensland (Australia), where it grows on bryophytes.

Redonographa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monogeneric family Redonographaceae. It has five species.

Gintarasia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species, all of which are found in Australia. Gintarasia species are corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with a thelotremoid form.

<i>Acanthotrema alboisidiatum</i> Species of lichen

Acanthotrema alboisidiatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Described as a new species in 2014, it is primarily distinguished by its striking white isidia that contrast with its light olive-green thallus. The lichen was recognized as a new species despite the absence of ascomata and ascospores, usually crucial for taxonomic identification. Its DNA sequence data confirms its place in the Acanthotrema genus but distinguishes it from other known members of this genus. The species grows up to a diameter of 5 cm (2 in) and bears short, white isidiate outgrowths that resemble insect eggs. The lichen appears to favour the shaded understory of Tabonuco forests in El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico, particularly towards the base of Dacryodes excelsa trees.

Compositrema cerebriforme is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is notable for its distinct structure and resemblance to the shape of a brain. It was discovered in the greenery of Venezuela's Henri Pittier National Park, and described as a new species in 2012.

Compositrema thailandicum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in tropical Thailand, it was described as a new species in 2012. The lichen is distinguished by its unique physical characteristics and its notable similarities to, and differences from, other species within the same family.

Ocellularia vulcanisorediata is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Described as a new species in 2014, it is only known to occur in Puerto Rico.

Thalloloma rubromarginatum is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. This lichen stands out from its counterparts within its genus, most notably Thalloloma haemographum, due to its corticate thallus and the presence of norstictic acid. Thalloloma rubromarginatum is found in the Sierra palm forests of Puerto Rico.

References

  1. "Compositrema". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  2. Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . S2CID   249054641.
  3. Pennycook, Shaun R. (2022). "Gender of fungal generic names ending in –trema". Mycotaxon. 137 (3): 545–554. doi: 10.5248/137.545 .
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Rivas Plata, Eimy; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2012). "Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Ocellularia clade (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae)". Taxon. 61 (6): 1161–1179. doi:10.1002/tax.616001.
  5. Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Parnmen, Sittiporn; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Papong, Khwanruan Butsatorn; Lücking, Robert (2014). "High frequency of character transformations is phylogenetically structured within the lichenized fungal family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales)". Systematics and Biodiversity. 12 (3): 271–291. doi:10.1080/14772000.2014.905506. S2CID   85347570.
  6. 1 2 3 Mercado-Díaz, Joel A.; Lücking, Robert; Parnmen, Sittiporn (2014). "Two new genera and twelve new species of Graphidaceae from Puerto Rico: a case for higher endemism of lichenized fungi in islands of the Caribbean?". Phytotaxa. 189 (1): 186–203. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.14.