Contention City, Arizona

Contention City, Arizona
Ghost town
Mason's Western Hotel in Contention City, 1880.
Contention City, Arizona Location in the state of Arizona
Coordinates: 31°46′8″N110°12′7″W / 31.76889°N 110.20194°W / 31.76889; -110.20194
Country	United States
State	Arizona
County	Cochise
Founded	1880
Abandoned	1888
Named for	Contention over ownership of a silver claim [1]
Elevation [2]	3,799 ft (1,158 m)
Population  (2009)
• Total	0
Time zone	UTC-7 (MST (no DST))
Post Office opened	April 6, 1880
Post Office closed	November 26, 1888
GNIS	24378

Contention City or Contention is a ghost mining town in Cochise County in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. It was occupied from the early 1880s through the late 1880s in what was then known as the Arizona Territory. Only a few foundations now remain of this boomtown which was settled and abandoned with the rise and fall of silver mining in and around the area of Tombstone.

History

The Contention Mill, circa 1880.

Prospectors Ed Williams and Jack Friday discovered what was to become the Contention and Grand Central mines when their mules broke free from a nearby camp one night. The mules, in search of water, dragged a chain behind them, which allowed Williams and Friday to track the animals the next morning. As they walked, they noticed the gleam of metal where the chain had scraped away the overlying dirt, and upon investigation, they found what would develop into a significant silver lode. The mules were tracked to the nearby camp of well-known prospector Ed Schieffelin, who had been prospecting extensively in the area, and who had staked claims to many of the Tombstone area mines. Unhappy that two competitors had discovered a claim in what he considered to be his territory, Schieffelin disputed the ownership of the claim. Eventually, the claim was split in two, with the upper end going to Williams and Friday, and named the Grand Central Mine, and the lower end going to Schieffelin, and named the Contention Mine after the disputed ownership that earned him the claim. ^{[1] [3]}

Contention City, named after Schieffelin's nearby mine, was originally established in 1879 on the bank of the San Pedro River as a milling site for silver mined from the Tombstone area mines including the Contention and Grand Central mines. ^{[4] [5]} Mills were constructed along the San Pedro River in Contention City as well as Charleston due to a lack of water needed for refinement in the immediate vicinity of the mines. ^{[6] [7] [8]} The two mills in Contention City — Sunset (later renamed the Head Center) and the Contention mill (the Grand Central mill was two miles south of Contention City) — processed or "stamped" the silver ore into fine powder in preparation for smelting. ^{[5] [7] [8]}

Once the mills were constructed, the town was surveyed and mapped out in September 1879 by D.T. Smith and John McDermott. The town site was centered between the two mills on the east bank of the river. Lots sold fast, and the town grew quickly to over a hundred people within a few months. ^{[8] [9]} The Contention City Post Office was established on April 6, 1880, and at its peak in the mid-1880s, the town was home to John McDermott's saloon, the Western Hotel, a blacksmith, a butcher shop, several general stores, and a Chinese laundry, and was a stop on two stage lines connecting the town to Tombstone and Tucson. In addition, a railroad depot was constructed in 1882 along the just-extended New Mexico and Arizona Railroad, which connected at Benson and eventually ran to Fairbank and then Nogales. ^{[10] [8] [11]}

The 1880 United States Census placed the population at 150, and the population was estimated to be 200 in 1884, at its likely peak. ^{[5] [12]}

Notable events

In the wake of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, Ike Clanton attempted to have Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday tried in Contention City after a grand jury refused to indict them in Tombstone in the wake of the Spicer Hearing. However, no trial was ever held in Contention City either. ^[13]

During Tombstone's early rapid growth, Contention served as stopover hotel and livery stable for stagecoach passengers, until March 1882 when the New Mexico and Arizona railroad was extended from Benson to Contention. ^[14] The day after Morgan Earp's assassination on Sunday, March 18, Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt, with assistant deputy James Earp and a group of friends, brought Morgan's body here for transport back to the family home in Colton, California, where Morgan's wife waited to bury him. ^[15] The next day Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday left their horses in Contention in 1882 and rented a wagon to transport the wounded Virgil Earp and his wife Allie to the railroad station in Benson.

Contention City is also notable as the scene of a shootout between outlaw members of the Jack Taylor Gang and lawman John Slaughter. When Slaughter was elected sheriff of Cochise County in 1886, four members of the Jack Taylor Gang—Manuel Robles, Geronimo Miranda, Fred Federico, and Nieves Deron—were wanted by both the Mexican Rurales and Arizona law enforcement on charges of robbery and murder. On the run, the men returned to Tombstone to visit relatives. Slaughter heard that the wanted men were in his territory, and set out to apprehend them, but the outlaws were tipped off and fled the town. Slaughter pursued them around the state, eventually learning that they were holed up at the home of Robles' brother in Contention City. When Slaughter and his posse raided the house, he found Robles and Deron asleep. Rather than surrendering, the outlaws came up shooting. Slaughter shot and killed Robles' brother while Deron and Robles ran for cover. Deron kept firing, and one shot clipped the lobe of Slaughter's right ear, the only wound Slaughter would sustain in the gunfight. Slaughter's next shot mortally wounded Deron, who on his deathbed confessed to the crimes he had been charged with. Robles got away, but was later shot and killed by Mexican authorities along with Miranda, spelling the end of the Jack Taylor Gang. ^{[16] [17]}

Decline

Contention's rail depot became superfluous when rail service was extended late in 1882 to Fairbank, 4 miles (6.4 km) south, and thus closer to Tombstone. The discovery of water at Tombstone allowed the erection of mill sites there rendering the San Pedro River mill sites superfluous; when the Contention Mine and the silver mines in Tombstone flooded in 1886 and 1887, after the 1887 Sonora earthquake, the mills were forced to shut down, and Contention City suffered a fatal blow. The population began to leave, and the post office shut down on November 26, 1888. Other than a handful of local ranchers, the town was gone by 1890. ^{[4] [5] [8]}

Remnants

Contention City is today part of the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area (San Pedro RNCA) maintained by the Bureau of Land Management. ^[18] All that remains today are scattered adobe walls, cellar holes, rows of fence posts, and the remnants of a small cemetery. Visitors can hike to the townsite on the paths along the San Pedro River. ^{[1] [5] [7]}

Geography

Contention City is located on the east bank of the San Pedro River at 31°46′08″N110°12′07″W / 31.76889°N 110.20194°W / 31.76889; -110.20194 (31.7689775, −110.2020211), 4 miles (6.4 km) north of the ghost town of Fairbank. ^{[2] [5]}

Popular culture

• The town is the setting for the first chapter of the 1953 western The Bounty Hunters, the first novel by Elmore Leonard. His 1953 story “Three-Ten to Yuma” is set in the town.
• The town is the setting for the finale of the 1957 western 3:10 to Yuma and its 2007 remake.
• Wyatt Earp and his family are shown catching a train at a railway halt signed as "Contention" in the 1994 film Wyatt Earp.
• In the alternate history novel How Few Remain , Confederate troops from their garrisons in Confederate Sonora and Chihuahua raid and plunder the American town in the midst of a new war with the United States about twenty years after winning the War of Secession.

See also

• Arizona portal
• Cities portal

• American Old West
• History of Arizona
• Silver mining in Arizona

References

1. Preston, Douglas (1999). Cities of Gold: A Journey Across the American Southwest. University of New Mexico Press. pp. 88–89. ISBN   0826320864 . Retrieved September 14, 2009.
2. "Feature Detail Report for: Contention". Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). United States Geological Survey (USGS). February 8, 1980. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
3. McClintock, James H. (1916). Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern: The Nation's Youngest Commonwealth Within a Land of Ancient Culture. The S. J. Clarke Publishing Co. pp.  410–412. Retrieved September 15, 2009. tombstone mills contention water.
4. Suagee, E. Kathy; San Pedro Valley Arts; Historical Society (2009). "Early Trails and Transportation". Around Benson. Arcadia Publishing. p. 12. ISBN   978-0738558929 . Retrieved September 14, 2009.
5. Sherman, James E.; Barbara H. Sherman (1969). "Contention City". Ghost Towns of Arizona (First ed.). University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 40–42. ISBN   0806108436 . Retrieved July 21, 2009.
6. Breakenridge, William M. (1992). Brown, Richard Maxwell (ed.). Helldorado: Bringing the Law to the Mesquite. University of Nebraska Press. p. 153. ISBN   0803261004 . Retrieved September 15, 2009.
7. "Contention City Entry at Ghosttowns.com". Ghosttowns.com. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
8. "Ghost Town Trails – Contention City, Cochise County, Arizona". Arizonaghosttowntrails.com. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
9. Shillingberg, William B. (1999). Tombstone, A.T.: A History of Early Mining, Milling, and Mayhem. Arthur H. Clark Company. p. 91. ISBN   0870622730.
10. Sherman, James E.; Barbara H. Sherman (1969). "Contention City". Ghost Towns of Arizona (First ed.). University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 40–42. ISBN   0806108436 . Retrieved July 21, 2009.
11. Myrick, David F. (1975). Railroads of Arizona, Vol. 1 . Howell-North Books. pp.  263–302. ISBN   0831071117.
12. Moffat, Riley (1996). Population History of Western U.S. Cities and Towns, 1850–1990. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 9–17. ISBN   0810830337.
13. Bailey, Lynn R. (1999). A Tale of the "Unkilled" (Limited ed.). Westernlore Press. p. 194. ISBN   0870261088.
14. "Contention City and Its Mills". Wyatt Earp Explorers. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
15. "Another Assassination Frank Stilwell Found Dead this Morning Being Another Chapter in the Earp-Clanton Tragedy". Tombstone, Arizona: The Tombstone Epitaph. March 27, 1882. p. 4.
16. Pryor, Alton (2006). "John Horton Slaughter". The Lawmen. Stagecoach Publishing. pp. 96–97. ISBN   0974755168 . Retrieved September 12, 2009.
17. "John Horton Slaughter: Arizona Lawman and Gambler". DesertUSA.com. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
18. "San Pedro RNCA – Cultural Resources". Bureau of Land Management. February 2, 2009. Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved June 30, 2009.

External links

• Media related to Contention City, Arizona at Wikimedia Commons
• Ghost towns travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Contention at Ghost Town of the Month: recent photos and visitor information.