Corticiaceae

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Corticiaceae
Erythricium laetum 40560.jpg
Erythricium laetum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Corticiales
Family: Corticiaceae
Herter (1910)
Type genus
Corticium
Genera

Basidiodesertica
Corticium
Disporotrichum
Erythricium
Giulia
Laetisaria
Marchandiomyces
Mycobernardia
Tretopileus
Waitea

Contents

The Corticiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Corticiales. The family formerly included almost all the corticioid (patch- or crust-forming) fungi, whether they were related or not, and as such was highly artificial. In its current sense, however, the name Corticiaceae is restricted to a comparatively small group of corticioid genera within the Corticiales.

Taxonomy

History

The German mycologist Wilhelm Gustav Franz Herter first published the Corticiaceae in 1910 to accommodate species of hymenomycetes that produced basidiocarps (fruit bodies) which were effused (spread out and patch-like) and had a more or less smooth hymenophore (spore-bearing surface). Since this definition was vague, superficial, and covered a large range of unrelated fungi, the Corticiaceae, though widely adopted, were also widely recognized as an unnatural grouping. Indeed, in a 1964 survey of families, Donk considered the Corticiaceae to be "a nice example of how extremely artificial taxa can be". [1]

In this wide sense, the boundaries of the Corticiaceae were never clearly defined. It was sometimes separated from the Stereaceae, a family in which fruitbodies had a tendency to form pilei (caps or brackets), [1] but often these two artificial families were united. In this united sense, the Corticiaceae certainly included the genera and species treated in the standard, 8-volume reference work The Corticiaceae of North Europe (1972-1987), where it was acknowledged that the family was "not a natural taxon but an assemblage of species with similar habitat." [2] With the addition of non-European species, this meant that the Corticiaceae eventually expanded to include over 200 genera worldwide. [3] The name "Corticiaceae" is still occasionally used in this wide sense (sensu lato), [4] but it has generally been replaced by the term "corticioid fungi". [5]

Current status

Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has limited the Corticiaceae in its strict sense (sensu stricto) to a comparatively small group of ten genera within the Corticiales. [6]

Description

Though now based on molecular phylogenetics, the Corticiaceae s.s. have certain features partly in common. Basidiocarps, for example, are effused (corticioid) and have a tendency to be pink or orange, as in the type species of Corticium , ( C. roseum ), and species in genera such as Erythricium , Marchandiomyces , and Laetisaria . Several of the Corticiaceae also produce sclerotia, bulbils, or other anamorphic (asexual) propagules, including species in the genera Corticium, Laetisaria, Marchandiomyces, and Waitea . Finally, many of the Corticiaceae s.s. are obligate or facultative pathogens, such as Erythricium aurantiacum and Marchandiomyces corallinus on lichens and Erythricium salmonicolor , Laetisaria spp, and some Waitea spp on grasses and other plants. [7] [8] [6]

Habitat and distribution

Several species in the Corticiaceae are wood-rotting saprotrophs, typically forming corticioid basidiocarps on the undersides of dead, attached branches, less commonly on fallen wood. Several are parasites of lichens, grasses, or other plants. Giulia tenuis produces a pycnidial anamorph growing on bamboo. [9] Collectively, they have a cosmopolitan distribution. [7] [8]

Economic importance

A number of species within the Corticiaceae are commercially important pathogens of crops or turf grass. Erythricium salmonicolor attacks woody commercial crops (citrus, coffee, rubber, etc.) in the tropics, causing "pink disease". [10] Waitea oryzae and Waitea zeae cause diseases of cereal crops, including "sheath spot" of rice. [11] [12] Waitea circinata causes "brown ring patch" in turf grasses. [13] Laetisaria fuciformis is the cause of "red thread" disease in turf grass. [14]

Related Research Articles

Erythricium salmonicolor is a species of fungus in the family Corticiaceae. Basidiocarps are effused, corticioid, smooth, and pinkish and grow on wood. The fungus is a commercially significant plant pathogen which has become a serious problem, especially in Brazil. Erythricium salmonicolor causes Pink Disease, most commonly in Citrus, although E. salmonicolor has a wide host range including rubber and cacao trees. Pink Disease causes branch and stem die-back due to canker formation. The cankers are recognizable by gum exudation and longitudinal splitting of the bark.

Waitea circinata is a species of fungus in the family Corticiaceae. Basidiocarps are corticioid, thin, effused, and web-like, but the fungus is more frequently encountered in its similar but sterile anamorphic state. Waitea circinata is best known as a plant pathogen, causing commercially significant damage to amenity turf grass.

<i>Corticium roseum</i> Species of fungus

Corticium roseum is a species of fungus in the family Corticiaceae. Basidiocarps are effused, smooth, corticioid, and pink. The species has a wide, north and south temperate distribution and in Europe is typically found on dead, attached branches of Salix and Populus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atheliaceae</span> Family of fungi

Atheliaceae is a family of corticioid fungi placed under the monotypic order Atheliales. Both the order and the family were described by Walter Jülich in 1981. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 20 genera and approximately 100 species. However, many genera formerly considered to belong in the Atheliaceae have since been moved to other families, including Amylocorticiaceae, Albatrellaceae, and Hygrophoraceae. Despite being a relatively small group with inconspicuous forms, Atheliaceae members show great diversity in life strategies and are widespread in distribution. Additionally, being a group strictly composed of corticioid fungi, they may also provide insights on the evolution of fruiting body forms in basidiomycetes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phanerochaetaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Botryobasidiaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Botryobasidiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cantharellales. The family contains a group of corticioid fungi that form thin, web-like basidiocarps. Some species form asexual anamorphs producing chlamydospores. All are believed to be wood-rotting or litter-rotting saprotrophs. None is known to be of any economic importance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corticiales</span> Order of fungi

The Corticiales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order is composed of corticioid fungi. Species within the order are generally saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters, but several are parasitic on grasses or lichens. Plant pathogens of economic importance include Erythricium salmonicolor, Laetisaria fuciformis, Waitea circinata, Waitea oryzae, and Waitea zeae.

<i>Phlebia</i> Genus of fungi

Phlebia is a genus of mostly crust fungi in the family Meruliaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution. Phlebia species cause white rot.

<i>Corticium</i> (fungus) Genus of fungi

Corticium is a genus of fungi in the family Corticiaceae. Basidiocarps are effused, corticioid, smooth, and grow on dead wood. One species, C. silviae, is lichenicolous. The genus was formerly used in a very wide sense for almost any effused corticioid fungi.

<i>Phlebiopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Phlebiopsis is a genus of poroid crust fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. The genus contains 11 species, which collectively have a widespread distribution. The genome sequence of the type species, Phlebiopsis gigantea, was published in 2014.

<i>Dentocorticium</i> Genus of fungi

Dentocorticium is a genus of six species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was revised in 2018, with several new species added and some older species transferred to other genera, based on phylogenetic analyses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corticioid fungi</span> Group of fungi

The corticioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. They are sometimes colloquially called crust fungi or patch fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Corticium and subsequently to the family Corticiaceae, but it is now known that all corticioid species are not necessarily closely related. The fact that they look similar is an example of convergent evolution. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "corticioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers and other texts.

<i>Erythricium</i> Family of fungi

Erythricium is a genus of fungi in the family Corticiaceae. Basidiocarps are effused, corticioid, and grow on wood or are lichenicolous. Erythricium salmonicolor
is a widespread and commercially significant plant pathogen causing "pink disease" of Citrus and other trees.

Laetisaria is a genus of fungi in the family Corticiaceae. Basidiocarps are effused, corticioid, smooth, and grow as plant pathogens on grasses or agave leaves, or as lichenicolous fungi on lichens, or on dead wood. Laetisaria fuciformis is of economic importance as the cause of "red thread disease" in turfgrass.

<i>Rhizoctonia</i> Genus of fungi

Rhizoctonia is a genus of fungi in the order Cantharellales. Species form thin, effused, corticioid basidiocarps, but are most frequently found in their sterile, anamorphic state. Rhizoctonia species are saprotrophic, but some are also facultative plant pathogens, causing commercially important crop diseases. Some are also endomycorrhizal associates of orchids. The genus name was formerly used to accommodate many superficially similar, but unrelated fungi.


Waitea is a genus of fungi in the family Corticiaceae. Basidiocarps are corticioid, thin, effused, and web-like, but species are more frequently encountered in their similar but sterile anamorphic states. Several species are plant pathogens, causing commercially significant damage to cereal crops and amenity turf grass.

<i>Botryobasidium</i> Genus of fungi

Botryobasidium is a genus of corticioid fungi belonging to the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps are ephemeral and typically form thin, web-like, white to cream, effused patches on the underside of fallen branches, logs, and leaf litter. Several species form anamorphs producing chlamydospores. All species are wood- or litter-rotting saprotrophs and the genus has a worldwide distribution.

Waitea zeae is a species of fungus in the family Corticiaceae. Basidiocarps are corticioid, thin, effused, and web-like, but the fungus is more frequently encountered in its similar but sterile anamorphic state. Waitea zeae is best known as a plant pathogen, causing commercially significant damage to cereals, grasses, and a wide range of other plants.

Waitea oryzae is a species of fungus in the family Corticiaceae. Basidiocarps are corticioid, thin, effused, and web-like, but the fungus is more frequently encountered in its similar but sterile anamorphic state. Waitea oryzae is best known as a plant pathogen, causing commercially significant leaf and sheath spots of rice and other cereals.

Kurt Egon Hjortstam (1933–2009) was a Swedish mycologist, specialising in the taxonomy of corticioid fungi.

References

  1. 1 2 Donk, M. A. (1 January 1964). "A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophorales". Persoonia. 3 (2): 199–324a. S2CID   82916652.
  2. ↑ Hjortstam K, Larsson K-H, Ryvarden L (1987). Corticiaceae of North Europe. Vol 1. Oslo: Fungiflora. ISBN   978-82-90724-03-5.
  3. ↑ Hawksworth DL, Kirk PM, Sutton BC, Pegler DN, eds. (1995). Dictionary of the Fungi (8th ed.). Wallingford, Oxford: CABI. ISBN   978-0-85198-885-6. (In which the "Corticiaceae s.l." is approximately equivalent to the "Stereales")
  4. ↑ (e.g.) Bernicchia A, Gorjón SP (2010). Fungi Europaei: Corticiaceae s.l. Alassio: Edizioni Candusso. ISBN   978-88-901057-9-1.
  5. ↑ (e.g.) Hjortstam K, Ryvarden L (2007). "Checklist of corticioid fungi (Basidiomycotina) from the tropics, subtropics and the southern hemisphere". Synopsis Fungorum. 22: 27–146.
  6. 1 2 Ghobad-Nejhad M, Langer E, Nakasone K, Diederich P, Nilsson RH, Rajchenberg M, Ginns J (2021). "Digging Up the Roots: Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Disentanglements in Corticiaceae s.s. (Corticiales, Basidiomycota) and Evolution of Nutritional Modes". Front. Microbiol. 12: 704802. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.704802 . PMC   8425454 . PMID   34512580.
  7. 1 2 Binder, Manfred; Hibbett, David S.; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Larsson, Ellen; Langer, Ewald; Langer, Gitta (June 2005). "The phylogenetic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes)". Systematics and Biodiversity. 3 (2): 113–157. Bibcode:2005SyBio...3..113B. doi:10.1017/S1477200005001623. S2CID   13102957.
  8. 1 2 Lawrey JD, Diederich P, Sikaroodi M, Gillevet PM (2010). "Remarkable nutritional diversity of basidiomycetes in the Corticiales". American Journal of Botany. 95 (7): 816–823. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800078. PMID   21632407. S2CID   23996344.
  9. ↑ Rungjindamai N, Sakayaroj J, Plaingam N, Somrithipol S, Jones EB (2008). "Putative basidiomycete teleomorphs and phylogenetic placement of the coelomycete genera: Chaetospermum, Giulia and Mycotribulus based on nu-rDNA sequences". Mycological Research. 112 (Pt 7): 802–810. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2008.01.002. PMID   18501576.
  10. ↑ Sebastianes, Fernanda Luiza de Souza; Maki, Cristina Sayuri; Andreote, Fernando Dini; Araújo, Welington Luiz; Pizzirani-Kleiner, Aline Aparecida (2007). "Genetic variability and vegetative compatibility of Erythricium salmonicolor isolates". Scientia Agricola. 64 (2): 162–168. doi: 10.1590/s0103-90162007000200009 .
  11. ↑ Lanoiselet VM, Cother EJ, Ash GJ (2007). "Aggregate sheath spot and sheath spot of rice". Crop Protection. 26 (6): 799–808. Bibcode:2007CrPro..26..799L. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2006.06.016.
  12. ↑ Stalpers JA, Redhead SA, May TW, et al. (2021). "Competing sexual-asexual generic names in Agaricomycotina (Basidiomycota) with recommendations for use". IMA Fungus. 12 (22): 3. doi: 10.1186/s43008-021-00061-3 . PMC   8359032 . PMID   34380577.
  13. ↑ Toda, Takeshi; Mushika, Tomoyuki; Hayakawa, Toshihiro; Tanaka, Akemi; Tani, Toshikazu; Hyakumachi, Mitsuro (1 June 2005). "Brown Ring Patch: A New Disease on Bentgrass Caused by Waitea circinata var. circinata". Plant Disease. 89 (6): 536–542. doi: 10.1094/PD-89-0536 . PMID   30795375.
  14. ↑ "Red Thread lawn disease - cause, symptoms and treatment". www.lawnandmower.com. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
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